基本原理说明

python-selenium获取到验证码图

目标：获取验证码图片
模块：selenium
核心步骤如下：

python-PIL处理验证码图片

目标：提高图片识别的准确率
模块：PIL
核心步骤如下：

python-baidu-aip提交图片获取识别文字（ 接口说明 ）

目标：传入验证码图片获取文字识别结果
模块：baidu-aip
核心步骤如下：

项目整体代码示例

#coding=utf8
from selenium import webdriver
import time
from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageEnhance
from aip import AipOcr
import os
all_num = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z',
'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z',
'1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','0']
def baidu_image_to_word(image_path):
    """ 你的 APPID AK SK """
    APP_ID = '14364432'
    API_KEY = 'jgopMYaecGeGgaBr2EYWKNDZ'
    SECRET_KEY = 'TnpKrHyyc3IgrGw2L5ZzKRiY9F2seCSk'
    client = AipOcr(APP_ID, API_KEY, SECRET_KEY)
    with open(image_path, 'rb') as fp:
        image = fp.read()
    """ 调用通用文字识别, 图片参数为本地图片 """
    client.basicGeneral(image);
    """ 如果有可选参数 """
    options = {}
    options["language_type"] = "ENG"
    options["detect_direction"] = "true"#是否检测图像朝向，默认不检测，即：false
    ##options["detect_language"] = "true"#是否检测语言，默认不检测
    options["probability"] = "true"#是否返回识别结果中每一行的置信度
    """ 带参数调用通用文字识别, 图片参数为本地图片 """
    res = client.basicAccurate(image, options)#通用文字识别(高精度版),普通版是client.basicGeneral(image, options);
    ##""" 调用通用文字识别, 图片参数为远程url图片 """
    ##url = "https//www.x.com/sample.jpg"
    ##client.basicGeneralUrl(url,options);
        guess = res['words_result'][0]['words']
        probability = res['words_result'][0]['probability']['average']
    except:
        print("识别失败，将置信度归为0，文字为空")
        guess = '';probability=0;
    return guess,probability,res
def get_code(browser):
    image = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='imgCodeId']")
    location = image.location# 获取验证码x,y轴坐标
    size = image.size # 获取验证码的长宽
    x_begin = int(location['x']);
    y_begin = int(location['y']);
    my_with = int(size['width'])
    my_height = int(size['height'])
    rangle = (x_begin,
              y_begin,
              x_begin+my_with,
              y_begin+my_height) # 写成我们需要截取的位置坐标
##    print(rangle)
    probability = 0;count = 0;count_max = 30;words_num = 0
    ##图片文字识别的置信度大于0.9的时候才说明识别得比较准确，否则刷新验证码重新识别
    while (probability<0.92 or words_num!=4) and count<count_max:
        if count>0:
            browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='imgCodeId']").click()
            time.sleep(2)
        print("识别认证码中...请稍等")
        count += 1
        browser.save_screenshot('All.png') # 截取当前网页，该网页有我们需要的验证码
        save_image = Image.open("All.png") # 打开截图
        result = save_image.crop(rangle)
        result.save('result.jpg')
        ##增强图形识别率的处理
        i2=Image.open(r"result.jpg")
        imgry = i2.convert('L')   #图像加强，二值化，PIL中有九种不同模式。分别为1，L，P，RGB，RGBA，CMYK，YCbCr，I，F。L为灰度图像
        sharpness =ImageEnhance.Contrast(imgry)#对比度增强
        i3 = sharpness.enhance(3.0)  #3.0为图像的饱和度
        i3.save("result.png")
        ##连接api获取返回结果
        guess,probability,res = baidu_image_to_word('result.png') #连接百度api
        words_num = len(guess)
        print('第%d次猜测验证码,猜测结果为%s,猜测验证码个数为%d,置信度平均值为%f'%(count,guess,words_num,probability))
        ##保证返回结果里面含有刚好4个数字+字母的组合
        check_num = 0;
        for single in guess:
            if single in all_num:
                check_num += 1
        if ' ' in guess:
            if len(guess.replace(' ',''))==4 and check_num==4:
                guess = guess.replace(' ','')
                words_num = len(guess)
            else:
                print("pass！猜测个数不对或者猜测值不是数据和字母")
                probability = 0
    os.rename('result.png','result-%s-%s.png'%(guess,str(probability)[2:]))##将验证码图片重命名成含识别结果以及平均置信度的名字
    time.sleep(2)
    return guess
if __name__=="__main__":
##    chrome_options=webdriver.ChromeOptions()
####    chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')##设置无界面
##    browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
    fireFoxOptions = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
    fireFoxOptions.set_headless()##设置无界面
    browser = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_options=fireFoxOptions)
    browser.get('http://icrm.baidu.com/crm-portal/index.action')
    browser.maximize_window()