公司项目需要导出表格为报表，尝试了xlsx、sheetjs以及js-xlsx各种库，但是总有不满足需求的点（比如设置行高列宽、居中、合并单元格、添加背景色等等）或者API太少写起来太繁琐，最后找到ExcelJS能够实现所有需求。
ExcelJS
：读取，操作并写入电子表格数据和样式到 XLSX 和 JSON 文件。一个 Excel 电子表格文件逆向工程项目。
github中文文档：
https://github.com/exceljs/exceljs/blob/master/README_zh.md
我把用到的exceljs的导入导出功能按照需求封装成一个类，具体可以根据自己的项目需求去调整。
一、定义Excel类
export class Excel {
blob?: Blob; // 导入的blob文件
worksheet?: ExcelJS.Worksheet; // 当前工作表
header: string[]; // 表头字段数组
constructor(blob?: Blob) {
this.blob = blob;
this.worksheet = undefined;
this.header = [];
* @description: blob转ArrayBuffer（用于后续生成文件数据）
* @return {Promise<ArrayBuffer>} ArrayBuffer
private readFile(): Promise<ArrayBuffer> {
return new Promise<ArrayBuffer>((resolve, reject) => {
let reader = new FileReader();
if (!this.blob) {
reject('上传文件异常!');
} else {
reader.readAsArrayBuffer(this.blob);
reader.onload = (ev) => {
resolve(ev.target!.result as ArrayBuffer);
* @description: 导入excel文件获取workbook（workbook属性方法参考exceljs文档）
* @return {Promise<ExcelJS.Workbook>}
public async getWorkBook(): Promise<ExcelJS.Workbook> {
let buffer = await this.readFile();
const workbook = new ExcelJS.Workbook();
return await workbook.xlsx.load(buffer);
* @description: 将 excel 第i张工作表的数据转为对象数据
* @param {number} i 工作表序号
* @param {string[]} header 表头字段数组
* @return {Promise<Record<(typeof header)[number], string>[]>}
* 传入表头作为字段的对象数组(每个元素对象对应每一行)
public async importExcel(options: importExcelType): Promise<Record<(typeof header)[number], string>[]> {
const { i = 1, header } = options;
const workbook = await this.getWorkBook();
const worksheet = workbook.getWorksheet(i);
// excel导入后返回的数组
const excelList: Record<(typeof header)[number], string>[] = [];
worksheet.getSheetValues().filter(temp => !!temp?.length).forEach(item => {
// 移除空行
// 移除每行首个空元素
(item as string[]).shift();
// 定义临时对象存储每一行内容
let tempObj: Record<(typeof header)[number], string> = {};
(item as string[]).forEach((item2, index2) => {
tempObj[header[index2]] = item2;
excelList.push(tempObj);
return excelList
* @param {*} password 冻结表格密码
* @param {*} mergeList 合并单元格数组
* @param {*} titleStyle 标题样式(按需补充方法)
* @param {*} subTitleStyle 小标题样式(按需补充方法)
* @param {*} headerStyle 表头字段样式(按需补充方法)
* @param {*} cellStyle 单元格样式(按需补充方法)
* @return {*}
public async exportExcel(options: exportExcelType): Promise<void> {
const {
data,
name,
header,
customHeader,
sheetName = 'sheet1',
title = '',
subTitle = '',
password = '',
mergeList = [],
titleStyle,
subTitleStyle,
headerStyle,
cellStyle
} = options;
// 创建工作簿
const workbook = new ExcelJS.Workbook();
workbook.creator = '侃侃';
workbook.created = new Date();
// 添加sheet
this.worksheet = workbook.addWorksheet(sheetName, { properties: { tabColor: { argb: 'FF00FF00' } } });
this.header = header;
// 表头行序号
let headerRowId = 1;
if (!!title) headerRowId++;
if (!!subTitle) headerRowId++;
// 插入单元格数据
this.setCells(data, customHeader, cellStyle);
// 插入大标题
this.getTitle(title, titleStyle);
// 插入小标题
this.getSubTitle(subTitle, subTitleStyle);
// 处理表头
this.setHeaderStyle(headerRowId, data, headerStyle);
// 更多处理
this.handleDealExcel(password, mergeList, headerRowId);
// 导出excel(此处也可用file-saver将blob导出到excel文件 fs.saveAs(blob, name+'.xlsx');)
workbook.xlsx.writeBuffer().then((data) => {
let blob = new Blob([data], { type: 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet' });
const a = document.createElement('a');
a.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
a.download = name + '.xlsx';
document.body.appendChild(a);
a.click();
document.body.removeChild(a);
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(a.href);
四、导出数据及格式方法汇总（按需补充）
1.插入单元格数据
* @description:单元格数据处理
* @param {any} data 表格数据
* @param {string} customHeader 表头中文字段
* @return {*}
private setCells(data: exportExcelType['data'], customHeader: string[], style?: Partial<ExcelJS.Row & ExcelJS.Column>): void {
// 设置列，插入中文表头
const column: Partial<ExcelJS.Column>[] = [];
this.header.forEach((item, index) => {
column.push({
header: customHeader[index],
key: item,
width: style?.width || 25,
this.worksheet!.columns = column;
// 设置行，添加数据
this.worksheet?.addRows(data);
// 设置行高
this.worksheet?.eachRow({ includeEmpty: true }, (row, rowNumber) => {
row.height = style?.height || 20;
// 获取每一列数据，再依次对齐
this.worksheet!.columns.forEach(column => column.alignment = style?.alignment || { vertical: 'middle', horizontal: 'center', wrapText: true })
2.添加大标题
* @description: 添加大标题
* @param {string} title 标题
* @param {any} style 标题样式
* @return {*}
private getTitle(title: string, style?: Partial<ExcelJS.Row>): void {
if (!!title) {
// 插入标题
this.worksheet?.spliceRows(1, 0, [title]);
this.worksheet?.mergeCells(1, 1, 1, this.header.length);
// 调整标题样式
const titleRow = this.worksheet!.getRow(1);
// 高度
titleRow.height = style?.height || 40;
// 字体设置
titleRow.font = style?.font || {
size: 20,
bold: true
// 背景色
titleRow.fill = style?.fill || {
bgColor: {
'argb': 'FFFFFF00'
type: 'pattern',
pattern: 'none'
// 对齐方式
titleRow.alignment = style?.alignment || {
horizontal: "center",
vertical: "middle"
3.添加小标题
* @description: 添加小标题
* @param {string} subTitle 标题
* @param {Partial} style 小标题样式
* @return {*}
private getSubTitle(subTitle: string, style?: Partial<ExcelJS.Row>): void {
if (!!subTitle) {
this.worksheet?.spliceRows(2, 0, [subTitle]);
this.worksheet?.mergeCells(2, 1, 2, this.header.length);
// 调整标题样式
const subtitleRow = this.worksheet!.getRow(2);
// 高度
subtitleRow.height = style?.height || 20;
// 字体设置
subtitleRow.font = style?.font || {
size: 14,
// 背景色
subtitleRow.fill = style?.fill || {
bgColor: {
'argb': 'FFFFFF00'
type: 'pattern',
pattern: 'none'
// 对齐方式
subtitleRow.alignment = style?.alignment || {
horizontal: "right",
vertical: "middle"
4.设置表头样式
* @description: 设置表头样式
* @param {number} num 表头在第几行
* @param {number} data 总数据
* @param {number} style 表头样式
* @return {*}
private setHeaderStyle(num: number, data: any, style?: Partial<ExcelJS.Row>): void {
// 自动筛选器
this.worksheet!.autoFilter = {
from: {
row: num,
column: 1
to: {
row: data.length,
column: this.header.length
// 给表头添加背景色
let headerRow = this.worksheet!.getRow(num);
headerRow!.height = style?.height || 30;
// 通过 cell 设置背景色，更精准
headerRow?.eachCell((cell) => {
cell.fill = style?.fill || {
type: 'pattern',
pattern: 'solid',
fgColor: { argb: 'dde0e7' },
cell.font = style?.font || {
size: 12
* @description: 其他内容处理
* @param {string} password 密码
* @param {mergeListType} mergeList 合并行列数组
* @param {number} headerRowId 表头行序号
* @return {*}
private handleDealExcel(password: string, mergeList: mergeListType[], headerRowId: number) {
// 添加工作表保护
if (!!password) {
this.worksheet?.protect(password, {
autoFilter: true,
selectLockedCells: false,
// 合并单元格
mergeList.forEach(item => {
// 行数为表格数据所在行行数+表头行序号headerRowId
const startRow = item.startRow + headerRowId;
const endRow = item.endRow + headerRowId;
this.worksheet?.mergeCells(startRow, item.startColumn, endRow, item.endColumn);
// 冻结前几行
this.worksheet!.views = [
{ state: 'frozen', xSplit: 0, ySplit: headerRowId }
6.合并单元格结构处理方法
* @description: 合并单元格数组
* @param {Partial} merge1 需要合并的行/列起止对象数组1
* 例：[{ startRow: 1, endRow: 1},{ startRow: 10, endRow: 10}]
* @param {Partial} merge2 需要合并的列/行起止对象数组2
* 例：[{ startColumn: 1, endColumn: 2 }]
* @return {*} mergeArr 合并后数组
* 例：[{ startRow: 1, endRow: 1, startColumn: 1, endColumn: 2},{ startRow: 10, endRow: 10, startColumn: 1, endColumn: 2}]
public merge(merge1: Partial<mergeListType>[], merge2: Partial<mergeListType>[]): mergeListType[] {
const mergeArr: any[] = [];
merge1.forEach(item1 => {
mergeArr.push(...merge2.map(item2 => {
return { ...item2, ...item1 };
return mergeArr;
<i class="el-icon-upload"></i>
<div class="el-upload__text">将文件拖到此处，或<em>点击上传</em></div>
</el-upload>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { Excel } from '@/utils/excel';
import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus';
import { ref } from 'vue';
// 上传组件ref
const uploadExcelRef = ref();
const uploadChange = async (file: any) => {
// 表头字段数组
const header = ['id', 'name', 'age'];
if (file.raw?.type !== 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet'
&& file.raw?.type !== 'application/vnd.ms-excel') {
ElMessage.error('文件格式错误，请重新上传！')
// 移除上传的文件
uploadExcelRef.value!.handleRemove(file);
return false
// 对excel文件进行处理
try {
const excel = new Excel(file.raw);
// 导入文件获取数据
const res = await excel.importExcel({ header });
console.log(res);
} catch (err) {
console.log(err);
</script>
excel文件
{ id: "id", name: "姓名", age: "年龄" },
{ id: 1, name: "张三", age: 18 },
{ id: 2, name: "李四", age: 20 },
{ id: 3, name: "王五", age: 24 },
{ id: 4, name: "赵六", age: 26 },
{ id: 5, name: "刘七", age: 28 }
2.导出excel
// export.vue
<template>
<div class="export">
<button @click="exportExcel">导出</button>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { Excel, type mergeListType } from '@/utils/excel';
import { reactive } from 'vue';
const tableData = reactive([
{ id: 1, name: "张三", age: 18 },
{ id: 2, name: "张三", age: 18 },
{ id: 3, name: "王五", age: 24 },
{ id: 4, name: "赵六", age: 24 },
{ id: 5, name: "刘七", age: 24 }
const header = ['id', 'name', 'age'];
const customHeader = ['id', '姓名', '年龄'];
const mergeList: mergeListType[] = reactive([
{ startRow: 1, endRow: 2, startColumn: 3, endColumn: 3 },
{ startRow: 3, endRow: 5, startColumn: 3, endColumn: 3 }
const exportExcel = () => {
const excel = new Excel();
excel.exportExcel({
name: '个人信息',
title: '标题',
data: tableData,
header,
customHeader,
mergeList
</script>
最终生成的excel：
blob?: Blob; // 导入的blob文件
worksheet?: ExcelJS.Worksheet; // 当前工作表
header: string[]; // 表头字段数组
constructor(blob?: Blob) {
this.blob = blob;
this.worksheet = undefined;
this.header = [];
* @description: blob转ArrayBuffer（用于后续生成文件数据）
* @return {Promise<ArrayBuffer>} ArrayBuffer
private readFile(): Promise<ArrayBuffer> {
return new Promise<ArrayBuffer>((resolve, reject) => {
let reader = new FileReader();
if (!this.blob) {
reject('上传文件异常!');
} else {
reader.readAsArrayBuffer(this.blob);
reader.onload = (ev) => {
resolve(ev.target!.result as ArrayBuffer);
* @description: 导入excel文件获取workbook（workbook属性方法参考exceljs文档）
* @return {Promise<ExcelJS.Workbook>}
public async getWorkBook(): Promise<ExcelJS.Workbook> {
let buffer = await this.readFile();
const workbook = new ExcelJS.Workbook();
return await workbook.xlsx.load(buffer);
* @description: 获取第i张工作表
* @param {number} i 工作表序号
* @return {Promise<ExcelJS.Worksheet>} 返回第 i 个工作表
public async getWorkSheet(i: number = 0): Promise<ExcelJS.Worksheet> {
const workbook = await this.getWorkBook();
return workbook.getWorksheet(i);
* @description: 将 excel 第i张工作表的数据转为对象数据
* @param {number} i 工作表序号
* @param {string[]} header 表头字段数组
* @return {Promise<Record<(typeof header)[number], string>[]>} 传入表头作为字段的对象数组(每个元素对象对应每一行)
public async importExcel(options: importExcelType): Promise<Record<(typeof header)[number], string>[]> {
const { i = 1, header } = options;
const workbook = await this.getWorkBook();
const worksheet = workbook.getWorksheet(i);
// excel导入后返回的数组
const excelList: Record<(typeof header)[number], string>[] = [];
worksheet.getSheetValues().filter(temp => !!temp?.length).forEach(item => { // 移除空行
// 移除每行首个空元素
(item as string[]).shift();
// 定义临时对象存储每一行内容
let tempObj: Record<(typeof header)[number], string> = {};
(item as string[]).forEach((item2, index2) => {
tempObj[header[index2]] = item2;
excelList.push(tempObj);
return excelList
* @description: 导出excel，参数信息参考exceljs
* @param {*} data 数据
* @param {*} name 文件名
* @param {*} header 表头字段
* @param {*} customHeader 表头字段对应中文
* @param {*} sheetName 工作表名
* @param {*} title 标题
* @param {*} subTitle 副标题（日期）
* @param {*} password 冻结表格密码
* @param {*} mergeList 合并单元格数组
* @param {*} titleStyle 标题样式(按需补充方法)
* @param {*} subTitleStyle 小标题样式(按需补充方法)
* @param {*} headerStyle 表头字段样式(按需补充方法)
* @param {*} cellStyle 单元格样式(按需补充方法)
* @return {*}
public async exportExcel(options: exportExcelType): Promise<void> {
const {
data,
name,
header,
customHeader,
sheetName = 'sheet1',
title = '',
subTitle = '',
password = '',
mergeList = [],
titleStyle,
subTitleStyle,
headerStyle,
cellStyle } = options;
// 创建工作簿
const workbook = new ExcelJS.Workbook();
workbook.creator = '侃侃';
workbook.created = new Date();
// 添加sheet
this.worksheet = workbook.addWorksheet(sheetName, { properties: { tabColor: { argb: 'FF00FF00' } } });
this.header = header;
// 表头行序号
let headerRowId = 1;
if (!!title) headerRowId++;
if (!!subTitle) headerRowId++;
// 插入单元格数据
this.setCells(data, customHeader, cellStyle);
// 插入大标题
this.getTitle(title, titleStyle);
// 插入小标题
this.getSubTitle(subTitle, subTitleStyle);
// 处理表头
this.setHeaderStyle(headerRowId, data, headerStyle);
// 更多处理
this.handleDealExcel(password, mergeList, headerRowId);
// 导出excel(此处也可用file-saver将blob导出到excel文件 fs.saveAs(blob, name+'.xlsx');)
workbook.xlsx.writeBuffer().then((data) => {
let blob = new Blob([data], { type: 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet' });
const a = document.createElement('a');
a.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
a.download = name + '.xlsx';
document.body.appendChild(a);
a.click();
document.body.removeChild(a);
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(a.href);
* @description: 合并单元格数组
* @param {Partial} merge1 需要合并的行/列起止对象数组1
* 例：[{ startRow: 1, endRow: 1},{ startRow: 10, endRow: 10}]
* @param {Partial} merge2 需要合并的列/行起止对象数组2
* 例：[{ startColumn: 1, endColumn: 2 }]
* @return {*} mergeArr 合并后数组
* 例：[{ startRow: 1, endRow: 1, startColumn: 1, endColumn: 2},{ startRow: 10, endRow: 10, startColumn: 1, endColumn: 2}]
public merge(merge1: Partial<mergeListType>[], merge2: Partial<mergeListType>[]): mergeListType[] {
const mergeArr: any[] = [];
merge1.forEach(item1 => {
mergeArr.push(...merge2.map(item2 => {
return { ...item2, ...item1 };
return mergeArr;
* @description:单元格数据处理
* @param {any} data 表格数据
* @param {string} customHeader 表头中文字段
* @return {*}
private setCells(data: exportExcelType['data'], customHeader: string[], style?: Partial<ExcelJS.Row & ExcelJS.Column>): void {
// 设置列，插入中文表头
const column: Partial<ExcelJS.Column>[] = [];
this.header.forEach((item, index) => {
column.push({
header: customHeader[index],
key: item,
width: style?.width || 25,
this.worksheet!.columns = column;
// 设置行，添加数据
this.worksheet?.addRows(data);
// 设置行高
this.worksheet?.eachRow({ includeEmpty: true }, (row, rowNumber) => {
row.height = style?.height || 20;
// 获取每一列数据，再依次对齐
this.worksheet!.columns.forEach(column => {
column.alignment = style?.alignment || { vertical: 'middle', horizontal: 'center', wrapText: true }
* @description: 添加大标题
* @param {string} title 标题
* @param {any} style 标题样式
* @return {*}
private getTitle(title: string, style?: Partial<ExcelJS.Row>): void {
if (!!title) {
// 插入标题
this.worksheet?.spliceRows(1, 0, [title]);
this.worksheet?.mergeCells(1, 1, 1, this.header.length);
// 调整标题样式
const titleRow = this.worksheet!.getRow(1);
// 高度
titleRow.height = style?.height || 40;
// 字体设置
titleRow.font = style?.font || {
size: 20,
bold: true
// 背景色
titleRow.fill = style?.fill || {
bgColor: {
'argb': 'FFFFFF00'
type: 'pattern',
pattern: 'none'
// 对齐方式
titleRow.alignment = style?.alignment || {
horizontal: "center",
vertical: "middle"
* @description: 添加小标题
* @param {string} subTitle 标题
* @param {Partial} style 小标题样式
* @return {*}
private getSubTitle(subTitle: string, style?: Partial<ExcelJS.Row>): void {
if (!!subTitle) {
this.worksheet?.spliceRows(2, 0, [subTitle]);
this.worksheet?.mergeCells(2, 1, 2, this.header.length);
// 调整标题样式
const subtitleRow = this.worksheet!.getRow(2);
// 高度
subtitleRow.height = style?.height || 20;
// 字体设置
subtitleRow.font = style?.font || {
size: 14,
// 背景色
subtitleRow.fill = style?.fill || {
bgColor: {
'argb': 'FFFFFF00'
type: 'pattern',
pattern: 'none'
// 对齐方式
subtitleRow.alignment = style?.alignment || {
horizontal: "right",
vertical: "middle"
* @description: 设置表头样式
* @param {number} num 表头在第几行
* @param {number} data 总数据
* @param {number} style 表头样式
* @return {*}
private setHeaderStyle(num: number, data: any, style?: Partial<ExcelJS.Row>): void {
// 自动筛选器
this.worksheet!.autoFilter = {
from: {
row: num,
column: 1
to: {
row: data.length,
column: this.header.length
// 给表头添加背景色
let headerRow = this.worksheet!.getRow(num);
headerRow!.height = style?.height || 30;
// 通过 cell 设置背景色，更精准
headerRow?.eachCell((cell) => {
cell.fill = style?.fill || {
type: 'pattern',
pattern: 'solid',
fgColor: { argb: 'dde0e7' },
cell.font = style?.font || {
size: 12
* @description: 其他内容处理
* @param {string} password 密码
* @param {mergeListType} mergeList 合并行列数组
* @param {number} headerRowId 表头行序号
* @return {*}
private handleDealExcel(password: string, mergeList: mergeListType[], headerRowId: number) {
// 添加工作表保护
if (!!password) {
this.worksheet?.protect(password, {
autoFilter: true,
selectLockedCells: false,
// 合并单元格
mergeList.forEach(item => {
// 行数为表格数据所在行行数+表头行序号headerRowId
const startRow = item.startRow + headerRowId;
const endRow = item.endRow + headerRowId;
this.worksheet?.mergeCells(startRow, item.startColumn, endRow, item.endColumn);
// 冻结前几行
this.worksheet!.views = [
{ state: 'frozen', xSplit: 0, ySplit: headerRowId }