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Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2017 Jan 25; 19(1): 44–48.
PMCID: PMC7390115

Language: Chinese | English

艾司洛尔在危重型手足口病中的应用价值

Application of esmolol in severe hand, foot, and mouth disease

朱 磊

徐州市儿童医院重症监护室, 江苏 徐州 221006, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China

Find articles by 朱 磊

祁 伯祥

徐州市儿童医院重症监护室, 江苏 徐州 221006, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China

Find articles by 祁 伯祥

方 代华

徐州市儿童医院重症监护室, 江苏 徐州 221006, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China

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齐 共健

徐州市儿童医院重症监护室, 江苏 徐州 221006, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China

Find articles by 齐 共健

高 坤

徐州市儿童医院重症监护室, 江苏 徐州 221006, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China

Find articles by 高 坤

胡 宝丽

徐州市儿童医院重症监护室, 江苏 徐州 221006, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China 徐州市儿童医院重症监护室, 江苏 徐州 221006, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China

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2.3. 两组患儿治疗前后NT-proBNP及心肌酶的变化

治疗前两组患儿血清NT-proBNP及肌酸激酶(CK)、 肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平差异无统计学意义( P >0.05)。治疗后5 d,两组患儿以上指标较治疗前显著下降( P <0.05) ,且艾司洛尔组效果明显优于常规治疗组,差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。见 表 2

2

两组患儿治疗前后心肌酶及NT-proBNP 的变化

2.4. 两组患儿治疗前后NF-κB p65 、NE、TNF-α、IL-6的变化

治疗前两组患儿血清NF-κB p65、NE、TNF-α、IL-6水平差异无统计学意义( P >0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗后1 d、3 d、5 d两组患儿血清NF-κB p65、NE、TNF-α、IL-6均明显降低( P <0.05)。与常规治疗组相比,艾司洛尔组患儿治疗1 d、3 d后上述指标改善更明显,差异有统计学意义( P <0.05),而治疗后5 d两组患儿单核细胞NF-κB p65的表达及血清NE、TNF-α、IL-6的水平差异无统计学意义( P >0.05),见 表 3

3

两组患儿治疗前后NF-κB p65、NE、TNF-α、IL-6 的变化 ( x ± s

3. 讨论

危重型HFMD(心肺功能衰竭前期)多发生在病程5 d内,病情进展迅速,短期内可发展为心肺衰竭期导致患儿死亡,在这一时期予以正确治疗,是降低病死率的关键 [ 12 ] 。目前研究证实神经源性肺水肿是导致患儿死亡的主要原因,其发生可能与自主神经功能失调或交感神经功能亢进,儿茶酚胺大量释放有关 [ 2 , 12 ] 。因此,抑制交感神经兴奋,降低血液儿茶酚胺水平成为治疗的重要环节。艾司洛尔是一种静脉注射的β1 受体阻滞剂,具有起效快、停药后作用迅速消失的特点 [ 13 ] ,能迅速有效地降低患者交感神经活性,降低HR,降血压,保护心肌细胞,改善心功能 [ 10 , 14 - 16 ] 。2006年室性心律失常治疗与心脏性猝死预防(ACC/AHA/ESC)指南指出,静脉注射β受体阻滞剂是治疗儿茶酚胺风暴的唯一有效方法 [ 8 ] 。然而由于其负性肌力作用,临床上用于治疗小儿危重型HFMD的研究罕见报道。本研究发现,在常规治疗的基础上加用艾司洛尔治疗危重型HFMD,患儿HR、SBP较治疗前迅速改善,血清NT-proBNP及NE水平较治疗前显著降低,且艾司洛尔组治疗效果优于常规治疗组。NT-proBNP主要由心室肌细胞分泌,在心室压力增高或扩张时分泌增加,且其增高幅度与心力衰竭严重程度呈正相关,是反映心功能受损的敏感指标 [ 17 , 18 ] 。Groenning等 [ 19 ] 研究发现,利用NT-proBNP水平评价心功能状态与超声心动图所监测的多项指标具有相关性。本研究发现艾司洛尔能显著降低血清NT-proBNP水平,改善心功能,考虑与以下因素有关:心排出量主要受心脏前后负荷、HR及心肌收缩力的影响,HR在一定范围内增加可增加心排出量,但是当HR过快时,由于心舒张期明显缩短,心舒期充盈量明显减少,因此心排出量下降。艾司洛尔能迅速降低血清NE水平,减慢HR,增加心室充盈量,增加心排出量。此外,艾司洛尔与强心药物米力农联合应用,消除了其负性肌力作用。有研究证实重症HFMD患儿存在不同程度心肌损害 [ 2 ] ,目前与心肌损害有关的常用酶学检查指标主要有CK、CK-MB等,其中 CK-MB在心肌细胞中的含量最高,而正常血清中的含量极微,对判断心肌受损具有高度特异性和敏感性。本研究发现艾司洛尔治疗危重型HFMD后患儿血清CK、CK-MB水平较常规治疗组明显降低,提示艾司洛尔能有效减轻危重型HFMD患儿心肌损伤,这与既往研究相符 [ 10 ]

既往的研究证实过度表达的炎症细胞因子和免疫调节异常在危重型HFMD患儿神经源性肺水肿的发生中起到重要作用 [ 20 - 21 ] 。NF-κB 是炎症反应中重要的转录调节因子,当细胞外信号刺激细胞后,可强烈诱导TNF-α、 IL-6等释放 [ 22 ] 。本研究将艾司洛尔应用到危重型HFMD患儿的治疗中,观察其对NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-6的影响。与常规治疗组相比较,艾司洛尔组患儿治疗1 d后外周血单核细胞NF-κB及血清炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6进一步降低,差异有统计学意义,这种优势持续到治疗后3 d。治疗5 d后患儿生命体征平稳,艾司洛尔组患儿外周血单核细胞NF-κB的表达及血清炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6与常规治疗组无显著差异,这也与患儿临床表现相一致,提示早期应用艾司洛尔治疗危重型HFMD能有效抑制患儿单核细胞NF-κB的表达,减少危重型HFMD患儿血清炎性因子的产生,减轻全身炎性反应。

综上,本研究显示在常规治疗基础上加用艾司洛尔治疗危重型HFMD并不降低患儿总体病死率,但早期应用能有效稳定患儿生命体征,其可能的作用机制为迅速有效地降低血清儿茶酚胺浓度,减轻心肌损伤,改善心功能,减轻炎性反应。

Biography

朱磊,男,硕士,主治医师

Funding Statement

徐州市儿童医院院计划项目(XEYKT1403)

References

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Articles from Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics are provided here courtesy of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University