pip install pyautogui
pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pyautogui
二.全局设置
s为秒数,不填默认0.1s。表示所有pyautogui相关的指令运行后等待s秒在运行下一条。相当于全局等待
pyautogui.PAUSE=s
防止操作失控,默认就是True,通过FAILSAFE_POINTS来设置坐标,默认(0,0)
也可手动更改
pyautogui.FAILSAFE = True # 防止操作失控,设置鼠标移动某点是抛异常
pyautogui.FAILSAFE_POINTS = [(100, 0)] # 鼠标移动到(100,0)位置时抛出异常
三.获取电脑分辨率
x, y = pyautogui.size()
print(x, y)
四.鼠标事件
1.pyautogui.click():单击点击事件
pyautogui.click(x=None, y=None, clicks=1, interval=0.0, button=PRIMARY, duration=0.0, tween=linear)
# x,y:为点击的位置坐标,以电脑左上角为原点
# clicks:为点击次数,默认为1
# interval:多次点击间的间隔(比如双击,第一次点击完后,等待设置的秒数在执行下一次点击)
# button:设置左击还是右击,默认左击
# duration:设置执行的时间
# tween:鼠标移动到指定位置的规律
button:设置鼠标点击项(left:左击 ,right:右击 ,middle:中击)
除了click()方法可以单击外,pyautogui还提供了专用于左/右/中击的方法。
pyautogui.leftClick() # 左键单击
pyautogui.rightClick() # 单击右键
pyautogui.middleClick() # 中键单击
leftClick()的用法等同于click(button='left')
rightClick()的用法等同于click(button='right')
middleClick()的用法等同于click(button='middle')
2.pyautogui.doubleClick():双击点击事件
pyautogui.doubleClick() # 双击,默认左双击
# x,y:为点击的位置坐标,以电脑左上角为原点
# clicks:为点击次数,默认为1
# interval:两次点击间的间隔(比如双击,第一次点击完后,等待设置的秒数在执行下一次点击)
# button:设置左击还是右击,默认左击
# duration:设置执行的时间
# tween:鼠标移动到指定位置的规律
3.pyautogui.tripleClick():三击点击事件
pyautogui.tripleClick() # 单击三次,默认左击
4.鼠标移动
1)pyautogui.moveTo():以坐标为原点移动到指定的坐标上
pyautogui.moveTo(x=None, y=None, duration=0.0, tween=pyautogui.easeInOutElastic) # 鼠标移动到坐标位置,以电脑屏幕左上角为原地定位
# x,y:为移动的位置坐标,以电脑左上角为原点
# button:设置左击还是右击,默认左击
# duration:设置执行的时间
# tween:鼠标移动到指定位置的规律,默认匀速直线运行(linear)
这个介绍下tween参数的值共有哪些。
easeInQuad
左边为属性,右侧为运行的方式(速度+轨迹),图片来源于’https://blog.csdn.net/S_clifftop?type=blog‘如有侵权,请告知删除。
pyautogui.position():可获取当前鼠标坐标
x, y = pyautogui.position() # 获取鼠标当前位置
print(x,y)
2)pyautogui.move():以鼠标当前位置移动x,y个像素
pyautogui.move(x=None, y=None, duration=0.0, tween=pyautogui.easeInQuad) # 在当前位置移动,以当前位置为坐标
该方法与moveTo()的区别在于开始移动的位置不一样,x,y参数是以当前位置相对移动的像素,可正值可负值。
5.按下与松开
pyautogui.mouseDown():按下鼠标
pyautogui.mouseDown(x=None, y=None, button='', duration=0.0) # 按下鼠标,填写坐标的话,就是移动到某个坐标下按下
# x,y为移动到某点按下,不填的话默认当前位置按下
# button按下的点击项,默认左按下
# duration整体指令运行的时间
pyautogui.mouseUp():松开鼠标
pyautogui.mouseUp() # 释放鼠标
我们在做登录验证滑块的时候,就可以用这两个方法+move()去拖拽滑块,并且还不会被检测出来
6.鼠标拖拽
pyautogui.dragRel():在鼠标当前位置点击后相对移动
pyautogui.dragRel(xOffset=20, yOffset=100, duration=3, tween=pyautogui.easeInQuad, button='left') # 在鼠标当前位置点击后相对移动,结束后自动松开
# xOffset,yOffset为移动的距离
# duration整个移动的耗时
# tween移动的速度+轨迹
# button设置点击项,默认左击
pyautogui.drag():该方法与dragRel()用法及效果一致,这里不做多余介绍了
pyautogui.dragTo():从当前位置拖拽到指定坐标轴
pyautogui.dragTo(x=None, y=None, duration=0.0, tween=pyautogui.easeInQuad, button="left") # 鼠标从当前位置拖拽到指定坐标
# x,y为坐标,鼠标移动到指定的坐标(x,y)
# duration整个移动的耗时
# tween移动的速度+轨迹
# button设置点击项,默认左击
五.键盘事件
1.按下与松开
pyautogui.keyDown('') :按下某键盘
pyautogui.keyDown('shift') # 按下shift键
pyautogui.keyUp('') :松开某键盘
pyautogui.keyUp('shift') # 松开shift键
常用的键盘表示(自己脑补用法吧)
KEY_NAMES = [
"\t", # tab
"\n", # 回车
"\r",
" ",
"!",
'"',
"#",
"$",
"%",
"&",
"'",
"(",
")",
"*",
"+",
",",
"-",
".",
"/",
"0",
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
":",
";",
"<",
"=",
">",
"?",
"@",
"[",
"\\",
"]",
"^",
"_",
"`",
"a",
"b",
"c",
"d",
"e",
"f",
"g",
"h",
"i",
"j",
"k",
"l",
"m",
"n",
"o",
"p",
"q",
"r",
"s",
"t",
"u",
"v",
"w",
"x",
"y",
"z",
"{",
"|",
"}",
"~",
"accept",
"add",
"alt",
"altleft",
"altright",
"apps",
"backspace",
"browserback",
"browserfavorites",
"browserforward",
"browserhome",
"browserrefresh",
"browsersearch",
"browserstop",
"capslock",
"clear",
"convert",
"ctrl",
"ctrlleft",
"ctrlright",
"decimal",
"del",
"delete",
"divide",
"down",
"end",
"enter",
"esc",
"escape",
"execute",
"f1",
"f10",
"f11",
"f12",
"f13",
"f14",
"f15",
"f16",
"f17",
"f18",
"f19",
"f2",
"f20",
"f21",
"f22",
"f23",
"f24",
"f3",
"f4",
"f5",
"f6",
"f7",
"f8",
"f9",
"final",
"fn",
"hanguel",
"hangul",
"hanja",
"help",
"home",
"insert",
"junja",
"kana",
"kanji",
"launchapp1",
"launchapp2",
"launchmail",
"launchmediaselect",
"left",
"modechange",
"multiply",
"nexttrack",
"nonconvert",
"num0",
"num1",
"num2",
"num3",
"num4",
"num5",
"num6",
"num7",
"num8",
"num9",
"numlock",
"pagedown",
"pageup",
"pause",
"pgdn",
"pgup",
"playpause",
"prevtrack",
"print",
"printscreen",
"prntscrn",
"prtsc",
"prtscr",
"return",
"right",
"scrolllock",
"select",
"separator",
"shift",
"shiftleft",
"shiftright",
"sleep",
"space",
"stop",
"subtract",
"tab",
"up",
"volumedown",
"volumemute",
"volumeup",
"win",
"winleft",
"winright",
"yen",
"command",
"option",
"optionleft",
"optionright",
2.输入内容
pyautogui.press(' '):输入内容
pyautogui.keyDown('shift') # 按下shift键
pyautogui.press("a") # 打印A
pyautogui.keyUp('shift') # 松开shift键
3.缓慢输入
pyautogui.typewrite():缓慢输入
pyautogui.typewrite("message", interval=2) # 缓慢输入
# message:为输入的内容
# interval:设置每两个字符输入的时间间隔,单位s
4.多键组合使用
pyautogui.hotkey():多键组合使用(如以下设置全选)
pyautogui.hotkey('ctrl', 'a') # 多键组合使用
pyautogui.alert():alert弹框
a = pyautogui.alert(text='test', title='pyautogui') # alert弹框
# text:弹框内容
# title:弹框标题
print(a) # 打印ok
当弹框运行时程序会暂停往下走,点击取消/确定时才会继续往下执行
pyautogui.confirm():confirm弹框
a = pyautogui.confirm(text='test', title='pyautogui') # alert弹框,点击确定返回ok,点击取消返回cancel
# text:弹框内容
# title:弹框标题
print(a)
pyautogui.password():password弹框
pyautogui.prompt():prompt弹框
pyautogui.screenshot():截图
img = pyautogui.screenshot() # 默认截取全屏
img.save("./img/gui.png") # 截取后的图片保存位置
如果我们想要截取某坐标的图片,可以添加region元组
region = (1690, 144, 100, 20) # 前两位为x,y坐标,第三位为截取图片的宽,第四位为截取图片的高
img = pyautogui.screenshot(region=region)
img.save("./img/gui.png")
pyautogui.locateCenterOnScreen():根据图片获取在当前屏幕匹配的第一个中心坐标
x, y = pyautogui.locateCenterOnScreen("./img/gui.png")
print(x,y) # 打印匹配的x,y坐标
若无匹配结果,则返回None,报cannot unpack non-iterable NoneType object异常
除了locateCenterOnScreen(),还有以下用法也可获取匹配图片坐标
a = pyautogui.locateOnScreen("./img/gui.png") # 返回匹配图片的左上角坐标+宽+高
x, y = pyautogui.center(a) # 或者中心坐标位置
print(x, y)
pyautogui.locateAllOnScreen():根据图片获取在当前屏幕匹配的所有坐标及宽高
img = pyautogui.locateAllOnScreen("./img/gui.png") # 返回页面所有可匹配的图片,返回一个生成器(左,顶,宽,高)
for i in img:
x, y, w, h = i
print(x, y)
这里需要注意的是,返回的结果是一个生成器,需for遍历输出
八.页面滚动
pyautogui.scroll():垂直滚动,负数为向下滚动,正数为向上滚动
pyautogui.scroll(-500)
如果想要缓慢滚动,可以加个for循环
for i in range(1, 100):
pyautogui.scroll(-i)
pyautogui.hscroll() :水平滚动
这个不做多余介绍了,只有linux系统支持
pyautogui.vscroll() :垂直滚动,负下正上
pyautogui.vscroll(-100) # 垂直滚动,负下正
文章来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/lihongtaoya/ ,请勿转载