library (grid)

grid.newpage () # 创建一个空白画布

vp1 <- viewport ( x = 0.5 , y = 0.5 , width = 0.5 , height = 0.25 , angle = 45 ) # 设定视窗大小

grid.show.viewport (vp1) # 查看在画布中的的视窗，自动上色，方便观察

library (ggplot2)

library (grid)

library (showtext) YaHei <- windowsFont ( "微软雅黑" ) font_add ( "YaHei" , regular = "msyh.ttc" , bold = "msyhbd.ttc" )

# 右键字体，然后点击属性，regular指定常规, bold表示指定粗体字体

showtext_auto () #### 父viewport

grid.newpage ()

#新建一个page

vp1 <- viewport ( x = 0 , y = 0.2 , w = 0.9 , h = 0.8 , just = c ( "left" , "bottom" ))

#新建一个viewport，起点为左下角，

pushViewport (vp1)

# 推出vp1

grid.rect ( gp = gpar ( col = "red" ))

# 新建一个矩形,gp=gpar()表示设置图形参数

grid.text ( "我在vp1_1" , x = 0.8 , y = 0.2 , gp = gpar ( col = "red" , fontfamily = "YaHei" , fontsize = 15 ))

# 新建一个文本,输出到vp1

vp2 <- viewport ( x = 0 , y = 0.2 , w = 0.9 , h = 0.8 , just = c ( "left" , "bottom" ))

# 新建一个viewport，起点为左下角，

pushViewport ( name = vp2)

# 将工作区域设置到vp2

grid.rect ( x = 0.1 , y = 0.2 , width = 0.9 , height = 0.7 , just = c ( "left" , "bottom" ), gp = gpar ( col = "blue" , lty = "dashed" ))

# 新建一个矩形,gp=gpar()表示设置图形参数

grid.text ( "我在vp2_1" , x = 0.8 , y = 0.3 , gp = gpar ( col = "blue" , fontfamily = "YaHei" , fontsize = 15 ))

# 新建一个文本,输出到vp2

vp3 <- viewport ( x = 0.1 , y = 0.2 , width = 0.9 , height = 0.7 , just = c ( "left" , "bottom" ))

pushViewport (vp3)

grid.rect ( x = 0.1 , y = 0.2 , width = 0.7 , height = 0.7 , just = c ( "left" , "bottom" ), gp = gpar ( col = "orange" , lty = "twodash" , lwd = 2 ))

# 新建一个矩形,gp=gpar()表示设置图形参数

grid.text ( "我在vp3_1" , x = 0.6 , y = 0.4 , gp = gpar ( col = "orange" , fontfamily = "YaHei" , fontsize = 15 )) # 新建一个文本,输出到vp2

layout参数

library (ggplot2)

library (grid)

grid.newpage () g1 <- grid.layout ( nrow = 3 , ncol = 2 , widths = c ( 2 , 3 ), heights = c ( 2 , 1 , 3 )) # 设置分割的宽度和长度比例

grid.show.layout ( l = g1)

综合例子

library (ggplot2)

library (grid)

library (showtext) YaHei <- windowsFont ( "微软雅黑" ) font_add ( "YaHei" , regular = "msyh.ttc" , bold = "msyhbd.ttc" ) # 右键字体，然后点击属性，regular指定常规, bold表示指定粗体字体

showtext_auto () plot.iris <- ggplot (iris, aes (Sepal.Length, Sepal.Width)) +

geom_point () +

facet_grid ( cols = vars (Species)) # 按Species列分面

plot.mpg <- ggplot (mpg, aes ( x = cty, y = hwy, colour = factor (cyl))) +

geom_point ( size = 2.5 ) +

labs ( title = "dot plot" ) plot.diamonds <- ggplot (diamonds, aes (clarity, fill = cut)) +

geom_bar () +

theme ( axis.text.x = element_text ( angle = 70 , vjust = 0.5 )) + labs ( title = "bar plot" )

grid.newpage () # 新建画布

layout_ 1 <- grid.layout ( nrow = 3 , ncol = 2 , widths = c ( 1 , 1 ), heights = c ( 1 , 4 , 5 )) # 分成上下2*3共6个版块，最上面版块显示标题

pushViewport ( viewport ( layout = layout_ 1 )) # 推出分成6个版块的视窗

print (plot.iris, vp = viewport ( layout.pos.row = 2 , layout.pos.col = c ( 1 , 2 ))) # 在中间一行子视窗中画plot.iris

print (plot.mpg, vp = viewport ( layout.pos.row = 3 , layout.pos.col = 1 )) # 在左下角子视窗中画plot.mpg

print (plot.diamonds, vp = viewport ( layout.pos.row = 3 , layout.pos.col = 2 )) #在右下角子视窗中画plot.diamonds

grid.text ( "我是画布名称" , x = 0.5 , y = 0.95 , gp = gpar ( col = "orange" , fontfamily = "YaHei" , fontsize = 15 )) # 增加画布标题

3.1 子母图

字母图，主要是形成局部放大的效果，既可以从整体上对比，又兼顾特别小的数据组，或特别密的数据点可以查看，而没有必要单独做2张图

library (ggplot2) library (grid) 3.2 grid 拼接蝴蝶图 library (ggplot2)

library (grid)

library (dplyr)

library (showtext)

library (Cairo) YaHei <- windowsFont ( "微软雅黑" )

font_add ( "YaHei" , regular = "msyh.ttc" , bold = "msyhbd.ttc" ) # 右键字体，然后点击属性，regular指定常规, bold表示指定粗体字体

CairoPNG ( file = "E:/R_input&output/images_output/蝴蝶图_exercing.png" , width = 1200 , height = 700 )

showtext_begin () #生成图形所需数据集：

mydata<- data.frame ( id= 1 : 14 ,

A= c ( 5.0 , 14.7 , 2.5 , 8.5 , 5.1 , 6.9 , 7.7 , 6.8 , 4.4 , 4.9 , 5.3 , 1.0 , 0.9 , 7.8 ),

B= c ( 31.3 , 24.7 , 17.8 , 17.2 , 15.3 , 14.3 , 13.9 , 13.9 , 12.4 , 10.0 , 6.5 , 4.2 , 2.5 , 0.9 ),

Label= c ( "Website" , "Customer & Employee Referral" , "Webinar" , "Facebook/Twitter/Other Social" , "Marketting & Advertising" , "Paid Serch" , "Other" , "Sales generated" , "Tradeshows" , "Parter" , "Linkedin" , "Events" , "Lead list" , "Emial Campaign" )) p1<- ggplot (mydata) + # 绘制右侧的柱形图

geom_hline ( yintercept= mean (mydata $ A), linetype= 2 , size= . 25 , colour= "grey" ) +

geom_bar ( aes ( x= id, y= A), stat= "identity" , fill= "#E2BB1E" , colour= NA ) +

ylim ( - 5.5 , 16 ) +

scale_x_reverse () +

geom_text ( aes ( x= id, y= - 4 , label= Label), vjust= . 5 ) +

geom_text ( aes ( x= id, y= A + . 75 , label= paste0 (A, "%" )), size= 4.5 , family= "YaHei" , fontface= "bold" ) +

coord_flip () +

theme_void () p1 p2<- ggplot (mydata) + # 绘制左侧柱形图, 左侧图没有横坐标刻度标签

geom_hline ( yintercept= - mean (mydata $ B), linetype= 2 , size= . 25 , colour= "grey" ) + geom_bar ( aes ( x= id, y= - B), stat= "identity" , fill= "#C44E4C" , colour= NA ) +

# y=-B,绘制的图形在另一侧

ylim ( - 40 , 0 ) + scale_x_reverse () + #

geom_text ( aes ( x= id, y= - B - 1.75 , label= paste0 (B, "%" )), size= 4.5 , family= "YaHei" , fontface= "bold" ) +

coord_flip () +

theme_void () p2 # 图形拼接

grid.newpage () # 新建画布

layout_ 1 <- grid.layout ( nrow = 2 , ncol = 2 , widths = c ( 2 , 3 ), heights = c ( 1 , 9 )) # 分成2*2共4个版块

pushViewport ( viewport ( layout = layout_ 1 )) # 推出分为4个版块的视窗

print (p1, vp = viewport ( layout.pos.row = 2 , layout.pos.col = 2 )) # 将p1输出到右下角

print (p2, vp = viewport ( layout.pos.row = 2 , layout.pos.col = 1 )) # 将p2输出到左下角# 添加主标题和分标题

grid.text ( label= "我是主标题" , x = 0.5 , y = 0.97 , gp= gpar ( col= "cyan" , fontsize= 15 , fontfamily= "YaHei" , draw= TRUE , just = "centre" ))

grid.text ( label= "我是左标题" , x = 0.15 , y = 0.94 , gp= gpar ( col= "blue" , fontsize= 10 , fontfamily= "YaHei" , draw= TRUE , just = c ( "left" , "top" )))

grid.text ( label= "我是右标题" , x = 0.85 , y = 0.94 , gp= gpar ( col= "blue" , fontsize= 10 , fontfamily= "YaHei" , draw= TRUE , just = c ( "right" , "top" ))) showtext_end ()

dev.off () ## png ## 2

蝴蝶图

4 gridExtra包

主要函数：

语法：

arrangeGrob(..., grobs = list(...), layout_matrix, vp = NULL, name = "arrange", as.table = TRUE, respect = FALSE, clip = "off", nrow = NULL, ncol = NULL, widths = NULL, heights = NULL, top = NULL, bottom = NULL, left = NULL, right = NULL, padding = unit(0.5, "line")) grid.arrange(..., newpage = TRUE) marrangeGrob(grobs, ..., ncol, nrow, layout_matrix = matrix(seq_len(nrow * ncol), nrow = nrow, ncol = ncol), top = quote(paste("page", g, "of", npages)))

参数解释：