Collectives™ on Stack Overflow
Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most.
Learn more about Collectives
Teams
Q&A for work
Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.
Learn more about Teams
I'm using Colab to create a notebook that trains a machine to take in a string and output it in a handwritten style. I'm using
this
Jupyter notebook as a guide for how to implement something like this because this is the first thing I have ever done with machine learning.
I have downgraded TensorFlow in the notebook to 1.15.2 to avoid the issue of different versions supporting different attributes - mainly because the above notebook I am referencing was created using TensorFlow version 1.X. The notebook I am creating uses Python 3.
In the code below I am trying to do a gaussian plot of stroke probability.
def gauss_plot(strokes, title, figsize=(20,2)):
plt.figure(figsize=figsize)
buff = 1
epsilon = 1e-4
minx= np.min(strokes[:,0])-buff
maxx = np.max(strokes[:,0])+buff
miny = np.min(strokes[:,1])-buff
maxy = np.max(strokes[:,1])+buff
delta = abs(maxx-minx)/400. ;
x = np.arange(minx, maxx, delta)
y = np.arange(miny, maxy, delta)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z = np.zeros_like(X)
for i in range(strokes.shape[0]):
gauss = mlab.bivariate_normal(X, Y, sigmax=strokes[i,2], sigmay=strokes[i,3], mux=strokes[i,0], muy=strokes[i,1], sigmaxy=0.0)
# gauss = mlab.np.compat.v1.biv_normal(X, Y, sigmax=strokes[i,2], sigmay=strokes[i,3], mux=strokes[i,0], muy=strokes[i,1], sigmaxy = 0.0 )
Z += gauss * np.power(strokes[i,3] + strokes[i,2], .4)
plt.title(title, fontsize=20)
plt.imshow(Z)
gauss_plot(strokes, "Stroke Probability", figsize=(2*model.ascii_steps,4))
The issue I am facing is AttributeError: module 'matplotlib.mlab' has no attribute 'bivariate_normal'
. I know that this is due to TensorFlow 2.2.X and later not supporting bivariate_normal. The part that I am having trouble with is finding a way around this issue. I tried relying upon the older TensorFlow version by trying things such as "tf.compat.v1.__". I also spent a few hours researching what the equivalent of bivariate_normal is for the newer TensorFlow versions. So far I have had no luck.
I am hoping that by posting this someone who is more familiar with machine learning than myself might be able to let me know a way to fix this issue I am having.
The full error message is:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-33-174bc4f9cf0b> in <module>()
22 plt.imshow(Z)
---> 24 gauss_plot(strokes, "Stroke Probability", figsize=(2*model.ascii_steps,4))
<ipython-input-33-174bc4f9cf0b> in gauss_plot(strokes, title, figsize)
17 for i in range(strokes.shape[0]):
---> 18 gauss = mlab.bivariate_normal(X, Y, sigmax=strokes[i,2], sigmay=strokes[i,3], mux=strokes[i,0], muy=strokes[i,1], sigmaxy=0.0)
19 # gauss = mlab.np.compat.v1.biv_normal(X, Y, sigmax=strokes[i,2], sigmay=strokes[i,3], mux=strokes[i,0], muy=strokes[i,1], sigmaxy = 0.0 )
20 Z += gauss * np.power(strokes[i,3] + strokes[i,2], .4)
AttributeError: module 'matplotlib.mlab' has no attribute 'bivariate_normal'
The error is not from TensorFlow but from matplotlib.
bivariate_normal() has been removed from matplotlib.mlab module in version 3.1.0. source
Quick-and-dirty solution is to reimplement the deprecated function.
def bivariate_normal(X, Y, sigmax=1.0, sigmay=1.0,
mux=0.0, muy=0.0, sigmaxy=0.0):
Bivariate Gaussian distribution for equal shape *X*, *Y*.
See `bivariate normal
<http://mathworld.wolfram.com/BivariateNormalDistribution.html>`_
at mathworld.
Xmu = X-mux
Ymu = Y-muy
rho = sigmaxy/(sigmax*sigmay)
z = Xmu**2/sigmax**2 + Ymu**2/sigmay**2 - 2*rho*Xmu*Ymu/(sigmax*sigmay)
denom = 2*np.pi*sigmax*sigmay*np.sqrt(1-rho**2)
return np.exp(-z/(2*(1-rho**2))) / denom
credit
Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow!
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.