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Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2023 May 3; 37(5): 365–369.
PMCID: PMC10495780

Language: Chinese | English

甲状腺乳头状癌术后第1天甲状旁腺激素水平对永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的预测价值

Predictive value of PTH level on day 1 after surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism

高 金伟

甘肃省中心医院普外科(兰州,730000), Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China

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张 琪

甘肃省中心医院普外科(兰州,730000), Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China

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王 泽升

甘肃省中心医院普外科(兰州,730000), Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China

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郭 怡斌

甘肃省中心医院普外科(兰州,730000), Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China

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梁 胜昌

甘肃省中心医院普外科(兰州,730000), Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China

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张 宇鹏

甘肃省中心医院普外科(兰州,730000), Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China

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屈 坤鹏

甘肃省中心医院普外科(兰州,730000), Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China 甘肃省中心医院普外科(兰州,730000), Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China 性别/例  男∶女4∶622∶480.0330.857年龄/岁1.6160.204   < 557(70.00)42(60.00)  ≥553(30.00)28(40.00)合并疾病  高血压7(70.00)30(42.86)1.6160.204  心脏病2(20.00)25(35.71)0.3910.532  糖尿病4(40.00)18(25.71)0.3220.570肿瘤大小/cm0.5880.443   < 26(60.00)29(41.43)  ≥24(40.00)41(58.57)术后1 d PTH19.1750.001  正常0(0)53(75.71)  减低10(100.00)17(24.29)术后1 d血钙4.5350.033  正常2(20.00)43(61.43)  减低8(80.00)27(38.57)

表 2

术后6个月发生PHPP多因素分析

项目 95% CI
性别 -0.692 1.072 0.416 0.519 0.501 0.061~4.092
年龄 -0.917 0.895 1.050 0.306 0.400 0.069~2.311
肿瘤是否>2 cm -0.571 0.848 0.454 0.500 0.565 0.107~2.977
合并疾病
高血压 1.204 0.918 1.722 0.189 3.333 0.552~20.131
心脏病 -1.318 1.072 1.509 0.219 0.268 0.033~2.191
糖尿病 1.309 0.984 1.770 0.183 3.702 0.538~25.466
术后1 d PTH水平 2.677 0.924 8.395 0.004 14.534 2.377~88.858
术后1 d血钙水平 0.885 1.073 0.679 0.410 2.422 0.295~19.860

2.3. PTC患者术后不同时间点PTH的动态变化

术后8 h、1 d、3 d、6个月分别对患者进行PTH水平测定,术后8 h存在低PTH者38例(47.5%),PTH为(17.460±8.642)pg/mL;术后1 d低PTH者28例(35.0%),PTH为(19.030±10.311)pg/mL;术后3 d低PTH者18例(22.5%),PTH为(25.530±13.509)pg/mL;术后6个月复查时低PTH者10例(12.5%),PTH为(50.180±20.167)pg/mL。随着时间延长,PTH值逐渐恢复至正常水平。低PTH者为PTH < 15 pg/mL。

2.4. ROC曲线分析

术后8 h、1 d、3 d的PTH水平预测甲状旁腺功能减退的ROC曲线显示:术后1 d的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)最大,其截断值为8.75 pg/mL,AUC为0.874(95% CI :0.790~0.958, P < 0.001),灵敏度为71.4%,特异度为100%,约登指数为0.714,见 图 1

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术后8 h、1 d、3 d的PTH水平预测发生PHPP的受试者ROC曲线

2.5. PHPP患者不同时间点的变化趋势

对发生PHPP的患者在术后8 h、1 d、3 d、6个月等不同时间点进行PTH水平测定,其数值均 < 15 pg/mL,发现PTH值并未随着术后恢复时间的延长而达到正常水平。

3. 讨论

在甲状腺手术中,识别和保护甲状旁腺是每位外科医生必须熟练掌握的技术。但是,在甲状腺全切除术后依然存在发生早期低钙血症和PHPP的风险 [ 18 - 19 ] 。甲状旁腺因其自身血供脆弱、解剖位置复杂,术中易损伤旁腺导致甲状旁腺功能减退,对术后生活质量造成严重影响 [ 20 - 21 ] 。国内外多项研究表明,术者经验不足、血供破坏、误切等因素都会损伤甲状旁腺导致旁腺功能减退 [ 22 - 25 ] 。Almquist等 [ 26 ] 通过对一项大样本量的甲状腺切除术后患者进行监测随访,发现甲状腺全切除术后第1天PTH和血钙浓度是甲状腺术后发生PHPP的独立预测风险因素。在本研究中通过分析得出甲状腺全切术后第1天PTH水平是甲状旁腺功能减退的独立影响因素,这与蔡淑艳等 [ 15 ] 报道的结果基本相同。

对于甲状腺癌全切术后何时进行PTH测定一直存在争议 [ 27 - 28 ] ,国内外专家对此说法不一,其主张从术后10 min~24 h不等。有研究表明以术后第1天PTH浓度15 pg/mL作为临界值,预测是否会发生旁腺功能减退并不准确 [ 29 ] 。McLeod等 [ 30 ] 报道以甲状腺切除术后20 min PTH < 12 pg/mL预测低钙血症的灵敏度为100%,其特异度为92%;Sywak等 [ 31 ] 报道,在甲状腺切除术后4 h PTH(3~10 pg/mL)的灵敏度为90%,特异度为84%。本研究通过ROC曲线分析得出术后第1天以PTH值为8.75 pg/mL作为临界值,AUC为0.874(95% CI :0.790~0.958, P < 0.001),此时灵敏度为71.4%,特异度为100%。这与国内外相关研究得出的结论相似 [ 6 , 32 ] 。当PTH < 8.75 pg/mL低于正常临界值15 pg/mL,发生PHPP的风险较大,其原因是主刀医师在手术操作过程中会认真识别和保护甲状旁腺,但意外损伤甲状旁腺的情况还是时有发生,术中误切、挫伤、热损伤或血供破坏等都会对旁腺功能造成很大程度的损伤。术后第1天测定PTH浓度越低,说明甲状旁腺功能受到损伤影响其功能的可能性越大,其短时间内很难恢复到正常水平,术后发生PHPP的风险也就越大。当PTH>8.75 pg/mL时,此时PTH浓度与正常临界值接近,提示术中发生旁腺损伤小,血供恢复好,发生PHPP风险小。有研究表明,甲状腺全切术后甲状旁腺功能处于动态恢复之中,潜在受损的甲状旁腺功能可能随着时间的推移逐渐恢复 [ 33 - 34 ] 。因此在术后第1天测定PTH数值越接近正常值,甲状旁腺受到损伤可能性就越小。但研究中对术后第1天PTH数值的测定也存在一些不足,因为每个人开始的手术时间并不相同,导致手术结束的时间点也各不同,但都会在术后第1天对PTH数值进行检定,和术后8 h等具体时间点比较,严谨性不足,但优势在于方法相对简单。本研究中结果显示甲状腺全切术后PHPP发生率为12.5%,这与Ponce等(2019)调查报道的结果有较大差异,分析其原因可能为本研究中样本量较小,导致误差较大。

综上所述,甲状旁腺功能减退是PTC全切术后常见的并发症之一,术后第1天PTH水平可作为甲状旁腺功能减退的主要预测指标,但仅从手术前后几个时间点对患者的PTH和血钙水平进行检验分析局限性较大,其样本选择受限于地区、样本容量等因素,因此,需要进一步扩大样本量及调查范围来证实PTC全切术后第1天PTH水平是预测甲状旁腺功能减退的可靠指标。

Footnotes

利益冲突 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突

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