from openpyxl import Workbook, load_workbook wb = load_workbook(r"C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\PDF\test.xlsx") ws = wb.active print(ws.title)

3.操作工作表

ws1 = wb.active
# 查看当前工作表名
print(ws1.title)
# 查看所有的工作表名
# print(wb.get_sheet_names())
# 查看所有的工作表名
print(wb.sheetnames)
ws2 = wb.create_sheet('Sheet2', 1)
ws3 = wb.create_sheet('Sheet3', 2)
print(wb.sheetnames)
ws4 = wb['Sheet3']
print(ws4.title)

运行后,控制台打印如下结果

Sheet
['Sheet']
['Sheet', 'Sheet2', 'Sheet3']
Sheet3
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws1 = wb.active
# 查看当前工作表名
print(ws1.title)
# 查看所有的工作表名
# print(wb.get_sheet_names())
# 查看所有的工作表名
print(wb.sheetnames)
ws2 = wb.create_sheet('Sheet2', 1)
ws3 = wb.create_sheet('Sheet3', 2)
# move_sheet移动工作表
# 参数offset代表偏移值,-1向前移动一个位置,1代表向后移动一个位置,以此类推。
wb.move_sheet(ws3, -1);
# del wb['Sheet3']
print(wb.sheetnames)

运行后,控制台打印如下结果,Sheet3移动到了Sheet2前面

Sheet
['Sheet']
['Sheet', 'Sheet3', 'Sheet2']
del wb['Sheet3']

4.访问单元格

写入单元格的值

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws['a6'] = '池田依来沙'
wb.save("test.xlsx")

修改单元格的值

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# ws['a6'] = '池田依来沙'
# cell方法的入参
# 譬如6就是row,代表第几行
# 譬如1就是column,代表第几列
cell = ws.cell(6, 1, "Malena")
cell.value = 'morgan'
print(cell.value)
wb.save("test.xlsx")
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# ws['a6'] = '池田依来沙'
# cell方法的入参
# 譬如6就是row,代表第几行
# 譬如1就是column,代表第几列
cell = ws.cell(6, 1, "Malena")
cell.value = 'morgan'
print(cell.value)
# coordinate 代表单元格的坐标,譬如 A6
print(cell.coordinate)
# row,代表第几行
print(cell.row)
# column,代表第几列
print(cell.column)
# col_idx,代表第几列
print(cell.col_idx)
# 第几列,用字母表示,譬如第一列为A
print(cell.column_letter)
wb.save("test.xlsx")

循环遍历,以及打印单元格

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
x = 1
for i in range(1, 11):
    for j in range(1, 6):
        ws.cell(i, j, x)
        x += 1
# 打印出A列到C列
print(ws["a:c"])
# 打印出第1行到第5行
print(ws["1:5"])
# 打印出a1到c4
print(ws["a1:c4"])
# 打印出第1行
print(ws["1"])
# 打印出字母C列表
print(ws["c"])
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# ws['a6'] = '池田依来沙'
# cell方法的入参
# 譬如6就是row,代表第几行
# 譬如1就是column,代表第几列
# cell = ws.cell(6, 1, "Malena")
# cell.value = 'morgan'
# print(cell.value)
# # coordinate 代表单元格的坐标,譬如 A6
# print(cell.coordinate)
# # row,代表第几行
# print(cell.row)
# # column,代表第几列
# print(cell.column)
# # col_idx,代表第几列
# print(cell.col_idx)
# # 第几列,用字母表示,譬如第一列为A
# print(cell.column_letter)
x = 1
for i in range(1, 11):
    for j in range(1, 6):
        ws.cell(i, j, x)
        x += 1
for cells in ws["a1:c4"]:
    for cell in cells:
        print(cell)
        print(cell.value)

5.操作单元格

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
x = 1
for i in range(1, 11):
    for j in range(1, 11):
        ws.cell(i, j, x)
        x +=1
# 合并单元格 merge_cells 方法
ws.merge_cells("b2:d4")
# 取消合并 unmerge_cells 方法
ws.unmerge_cells("b2:d4")
# 插入列,入参两个,分别代表从第几列开始,插入几列
ws.insert_cols(2, 3)
# 插入行,入参两个,分别代表从第几行开始,插入几行
ws.insert_rows(1, 2)
# 删除列,入参两个,分别代表从第几列开始,删除几列
ws.delete_cols(6, 2)
# 删除行,入参两个,分别代表从第几行开始,删除几行
ws.delete_rows(6, 3)
# 移动单元格,入参三个:选中的单元格,上下移动(正数为下,负数为上),左右移动(正数为右,负数为左)
ws.move_range("c4:e5", 2, -2)
wb.save("test.xlsx")

6.使用公式

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.formula.translate import Translator
from openpyxl.utils import FORMULAE
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
print(len(FORMULAE))
print('SUM' in FORMULAE)
ws.append(["价格1", "价格2", "求和", "平均值"])
ws.append([95,27])
ws.append([48,31])
ws.append([11,23])
# 价格1  价格2    求和 平均值
# 95   27
# 48   31
# 11   23
ws["c2"] = "=SUM(A2,B2)"
# 平均值
ws["d2"] = "=AVERAGE(A2,B2)"
# 翻译 Translator 方法
ws["c3"] = Translator(formula="=SUM(A2,B2)", origin="c2").translate_formula("c3")
ws["c4"] = Translator(formula="=SUM(A2,B2)", origin="c2").translate_formula("c4")
ws["d3"] = Translator(formula="=AVERAGE(A2,B2)", origin="d2").translate_formula("d3")
ws["d4"] = Translator(formula="=AVERAGE(A2,B2)", origin="d2").translate_formula("d4")
# 价格1  价格2    求和 平均值
# 95   27     122    61
# 48   31     79 39.5
# 11   23     34 17
# 循环遍历
for cell in ws["c3:c4"]:
    print(cell)
# 打印得到一个元组,例如:(<Cell 'Sheet'.C3>,)
    cell[0].value = Translator(formula="=SUM(A2,B2)", origin="c2").translate_formula(cell[0].coordinate)
wb.save("test.xlsx")

7.设置样式

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, Alignment
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws["a1"] = "池田依来沙"
f = Font(name="微软雅黑", size=42, color="F56C6C", bold=True, italic=True, strike=True, underline="double")
ws["a1"] .font = f
# 设置行高
ws.row_dimensions[2].height = 100
# 设置列宽
ws.column_dimensions["B"].width = 50
# 水平和垂直的布局位置,旋转,是否需要换行,是否自动适配缩小,缩进的值
a = Alignment(horizontal="left", vertical="top", text_rotation=0, wrap_text=True, shrink_to_fit=False, indent=0)
ws["a1"].alignment = a;
wb.save("test.xlsx")

8.过滤和排序

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
rows = [
    ['名称', '颜值', '身材', '价值'],
    ['mila', '80', '90', '99'],
    ['malena', '80', '90', '96'],
    ['morgan', '100', '90', '99'],
    ['sf', '80', '20', '97'],
    ['ac', '30', '90', '92'],
for row in rows:
    ws.append(row)
# 设置过滤范围
ws.auto_filter.ref = "a1:d7"
# 过滤方法 add_filter_column 入参:第几列(从2开始),过滤条件
ws.auto_filter.add_filter_column(0, ["mila", "malena"])
# 排序方法 入参: 范围,排序方式(False升序,True倒序)
ws.auto_filter.add_sort_condition("c2:d6", True)
wb.save('test.xlsx')

注意,add_filter_column和add_sort_condition方法并不会直接执行排序,需要打开excel文件后,在筛选和排序上点击确认才能真正的执行。

通过安装第三方库,譬如pandas可以直接执行排序和筛选的操作

pip install pandas 

pandas 的使用

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel('test.xlsx', sheet_name="Sheet")
# ascending True代表升序 ,False代表倒序
df_value = df.sort_values(by=["颜值","身材"], ascending=True)
writer = pd.ExcelWriter("test2.xlsx")
df_value.to_excel(writer,sheet_name="Sheet2", index=False)
writer.save()

9.插入图表

openpyxl图表官网地址

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import LineChart, Reference
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# 准备数据
rows = [
    ['月份', '桃子', '西瓜', '龙眼'],
    [1, 38, 28, 29],
    [2, 52, 21, 35],
    [3, 39, 20, 69],
    [4, 51, 29, 41],
    [5, 29, 39, 31],
    [6, 30, 41, 39],
for row in rows:
    ws.append(row)
# 创建图表
c1 = LineChart()
c1.title = "折线图"  # 标题
c1.style = 13  # 样式
c1.y_axis.title = '销量'  # Y轴
c1.x_axis.title = '月份'  # X轴
# 选择数据范围
data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_col=4, max_row=7)
c1.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
# 线条样式
s0 = c1.series[0]
s0.marker.symbol = "triangle"  # triangle为三角形标记, 可选circle、dash、diamond、dot、picture、plus、square、star、triangle、x、auto
s0.marker.graphicalProperties.solidFill = "FF0000"  # 填充颜色
s0.marker.graphicalProperties.line.solidFill = "0000FF"  # 边框颜色
# s0.graphicalProperties.line.noFill = True  # 改为True则隐藏线条,但显示标记形状
s1 = c1.series[1]
s1.graphicalProperties.line.solidFill = "00AAAA"
s1.graphicalProperties.line.dashStyle = "sysDot"  # 线条点状样式
s1.graphicalProperties.line.width = 80000  # 线条大小,最大20116800EMUs
s2 = c1.series[2]  # 采用默认设置
s2.smooth = True  # 线条平滑
ws.add_chart(c1, "A8")  # 图表位置
wb.save("line.xlsx")

10.只读只写

读写大文件,使用只读只写模式

只读取数值用于其他数据分析,不改变和保存。

from openpyxl import load_workbook
# 加载Excel文件时使用read_only指定只读模式
wb = load_workbook(filename='large_file.xlsx', read_only=True)
ws = wb['big_data']
# 可以正常读取值
for row in ws.rows:
    for cell in row:
        print(cell.value)
# 注意:读取完之后需要手动关闭避免内存泄露
wb.close()

可以在创建的时候指定为只写模式以便提高性能,不管文件有多大,都可以把内存保持在10M以下。

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.cell import WriteOnlyCell
from openpyxl.comments import Comment
from openpyxl.styles import Font
wb = Workbook(write_only=True)  # 创建工作簿时指定只写模式
ws = wb.create_sheet()  # 需要通过create_sheet创建一个sheet
# 可以正常保存数据
for _ in range(100):
    ws.append([i for i in range(200)])  # 只能通过append写
# 如果需要保留公式、注释等操作,可以使用WriteOnlyCell
cell = WriteOnlyCell(ws, value="冰冷的希望")
cell.font = Font(name='黑体', size=15)
cell.comment = Comment(text="这是注释", author="pan")
ws.append([cell])
wb.save('openpyxl/test.xlsx')
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