Abstract

This review describes processes which transform pulsating red giants (1000 solar radii) via the ephemeral planetary nebula stage into white dwarfs of radius 0.01 solar radii. This evolution is discussed in terms of post-core-helium burning stars and Mira variables, the period distribution of Miras and remnant white dwarf masses, the cooling of white dwarfs, and the composition of white dwarf atmospheres.