org.gradle.internal.exceptions.LocationAwareException: Build file 'D:\MyPlayground\KotlinSpringboot\app-service\build.gradle.kts' line: 20
Cannot get property 'springfoxVersion' on extra properties extension as it does not exist
at Program.execute(Unknown Source)
at Program.execute(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.gradle.api.plugins.ExtraPropertiesExtension$UnknownPropertyException: Cannot get property 'springfoxVersion' on extra properties extension as it does not exist
at Build_gradle$2.invoke(build.gradle.kts:20)
at Build_gradle$2.invoke(build.gradle.kts:1)
at Build_gradle.<init>(Unknown Source)
看意思是说没有找到springfoxVersion这个值在extension(ext)中不存在，What?（问号脸）
明明在dependencies上面写了呀，我TM在Groovy都没毛病。。。这。。。
经过从网上一番搜索，有给出以下方案：
1.使用val定义常量，然后在dependencies直接${valName}使用
2.在allprojects中定义
实测，以上两种方式确实可以解决问题，但是想想：val定义常量？总觉得有点别扭；在allprojects中定义？那怎么能行，子模块的内容写到父项目的配置，显然不合理
正苦思冥想，突然发现父项目的build.gradle.kts的allproejct后面有个小标签this: Project
像这样：
allprojects { this: Project
}
这不就是这个对象就是一个变量传给了某个方法的那种提示吗？
Ctrl跟过去是这样的：
ProjectDelegate.kt文件中：
override fun allprojects(action: Action<in Project>) =
delegate.allprojects(action)
对应的是这个函数
接着再ctrl从dependencies跟了过去：
dependencies{this: DenpendencyHandlerScop
}
发现跳转到了ProjectExtension.kt文件
* Configures the dependencies for this project.
* Executes the given configuration block against the [DependencyHandlerScope] for this
* project.
* @param configuration the configuration block.
fun Project.dependencies(configuration: DependencyHandlerScope.() -> Unit) =
DependencyHandlerScope.of(dependencies).configuration()
指向了这个函数，从子模块的dependencies跟过去也是这里
显然DependencyHandlerScope.of()处理父项目和子项目的配置
继续Ctrl跟到DependencyHandlerScope类
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
package org.gradle.kotlin.dsl
import org.gradle.api.Action
import org.gradle.api.Incubating
import org.gradle.api.artifacts.Configuration
import org.gradle.api.artifacts.Dependency
import org.gradle.api.artifacts.ExternalModuleDependency
import org.gradle.api.artifacts.ModuleDependency
import org.gradle.api.artifacts.dsl.DependencyConstraintHandler
import org.gradle.api.artifacts.dsl.DependencyHandler
import org.gradle.kotlin.dsl.support.delegates.DependencyHandlerDelegate
* Receiver for `dependencies` block providing convenient utilities for configuring dependencies.
* @see [DependencyHandler]
open class DependencyHandlerScope
private constructor(
val dependencies: DependencyHandler
) : DependencyHandlerDelegate() {
companion object {
fun of(dependencies: DependencyHandler): DependencyHandlerScope =
DependencyHandlerScope(dependencies)
override val delegate: DependencyHandler
get() = dependencies
@Deprecated(replaceWith = ReplaceWith("constraints"), message = "This method shouldn't be called because the most specific variant should be preferred by the Kotlin compiler", level = DeprecationLevel.HIDDEN)
override fun constraints(configureAction: Action<in DependencyConstraintHandler>) {
super.constraints(configureAction)
* Configures dependency constraint for this project.
* @param configureAction the action to use to configure module metadata
* @since 6.3
@Incubating
fun constraints(configureAction: DependencyConstraintHandlerScope.() -> Unit) {
super.constraints { t -> configureAction(DependencyConstraintHandlerScope.of(t)) }
* Adds a dependency to the given configuration.
* @param dependencyNotation notation for the dependency to be added.
* @return The dependency.
* @see [DependencyHandler.add]
operator fun String.invoke(dependencyNotation: Any): Dependency? =
dependencies.add(this, dependencyNotation)
* Adds a dependency to the given configuration.
* @param dependencyNotation notation for the dependency to be added.
* @param dependencyConfiguration expression to use to configure the dependency.
* @return The dependency.
* @see [DependencyHandler.add]
inline operator fun String.invoke(dependencyNotation: String, dependencyConfiguration: ExternalModuleDependency.() -> Unit): ExternalModuleDependency =
dependencies.add(this, dependencyNotation, dependencyConfiguration)
* Adds a dependency to the given configuration.
* @param group the group of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param name the name of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param version the optional version of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param configuration the optional configuration of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param classifier the optional classifier of the module artifact to be added as a dependency.
* @param ext the optional extension of the module artifact to be added as a dependency.
* @return The dependency.
* @see [DependencyHandler.add]
operator fun String.invoke(
group: String,
name: String,
version: String? = null,
configuration: String? = null,
classifier: String? = null,
ext: String? = null
): ExternalModuleDependency =
dependencies.create(group, name, version, configuration, classifier, ext).apply { add(this@invoke, this) }
* Adds a dependency to the given configuration.
* @param group the group of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param name the name of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param version the optional version of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param configuration the optional configuration of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param classifier the optional classifier of the module artifact to be added as a dependency.
* @param ext the optional extension of the module artifact to be added as a dependency.
* @param dependencyConfiguration expression to use to configure the dependency.
* @return The dependency.
* @see [DependencyHandler.create]
* @see [DependencyHandler.add]
inline operator fun String.invoke(
group: String,
name: String,
version: String? = null,
configuration: String? = null,
classifier: String? = null,
ext: String? = null,
dependencyConfiguration: ExternalModuleDependency.() -> Unit
): ExternalModuleDependency =
dependencies.add(this, create(group, name, version, configuration, classifier, ext), dependencyConfiguration)
* Adds a dependency to the given configuration.
* @param dependency dependency to be added.
* @param dependencyConfiguration expression to use to configure the dependency.
* @return The dependency.
* @see [DependencyHandler.add]
inline operator fun <T : ModuleDependency> String.invoke(dependency: T, dependencyConfiguration: T.() -> Unit): T =
dependencies.add(this, dependency, dependencyConfiguration)
* Adds a dependency to the given configuration.
* @param dependencyNotation notation for the dependency to be added.
* @return The dependency.
* @see [DependencyHandler.add]
operator fun Configuration.invoke(dependencyNotation: Any): Dependency? =
add(name, dependencyNotation)
* Adds a dependency to the given configuration.
* @param dependencyNotation notation for the dependency to be added.
* @param dependencyConfiguration expression to use to configure the dependency.
* @return The dependency.
* @see [DependencyHandler.add]
inline operator fun Configuration.invoke(dependencyNotation: String, dependencyConfiguration: ExternalModuleDependency.() -> Unit): ExternalModuleDependency =
add(name, dependencyNotation, dependencyConfiguration)
* Adds a dependency to the given configuration.
* @param group the group of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param name the name of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param version the optional version of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param configuration the optional configuration of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param classifier the optional classifier of the module artifact to be added as a dependency.
* @param ext the optional extension of the module artifact to be added as a dependency.
* @return The dependency.
* @see [DependencyHandler.add]
operator fun Configuration.invoke(
group: String,
name: String,
version: String? = null,
configuration: String? = null,
classifier: String? = null,
ext: String? = null
): ExternalModuleDependency =
create(group, name, version, configuration, classifier, ext).apply { add(this@invoke.name, this) }
* Adds a dependency to the given configuration.
* @param group the group of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param name the name of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param version the optional version of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param configuration the optional configuration of the module to be added as a dependency.
* @param classifier the optional classifier of the module artifact to be added as a dependency.
* @param ext the optional extension of the module artifact to be added as a dependency.
* @param dependencyConfiguration expression to use to configure the dependency.
* @return The dependency.
* @see [DependencyHandler.create]
* @see [DependencyHandler.add]
inline operator fun Configuration.invoke(
group: String,
name: String,
version: String? = null,
configuration: String? = null,
classifier: String? = null,
ext: String? = null,
dependencyConfiguration: ExternalModuleDependency.() -> Unit
): ExternalModuleDependency =
add(this.name, create(group, name, version, configuration, classifier, ext), dependencyConfiguration)
* Adds a dependency to the given configuration.
* @param dependency dependency to be added.
* @param dependencyConfiguration expression to use to configure the dependency.
* @return The dependency.
* @see [DependencyHandler.add]
inline operator fun <T : ModuleDependency> Configuration.invoke(dependency: T, dependencyConfiguration: T.() -> Unit): T =
add(name, dependency, dependencyConfiguration)
* Configures the dependencies.
inline operator fun invoke(configuration: DependencyHandlerScope.() -> Unit) =
this.configuration()
What？！我看到了ext？再结合DependencyHandlerScope.of(dependencies).configuration()这句代码，得出结论似乎是dependencies中有ext{}
于是乎赶紧把ext{}搬到了dependencies{}里面，经过测试能够正确加载依赖了！Wow~
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网上有些视频教程讲解过程中，在讲解如何将Java和kotlin一起使用的时，在编辑build.gradle时，步骤如下：
① 修改build.gradle -> build.gradle.kts
② 在build.gradle.kts中添加
plugins {
application;
kotlin("jvm");
application {
mainClassName = "Main";
dependencies {
compile(kotlin("s...
虽然与 Groovy 相比，KTS 当前能更好地在 Android Studio 的代码编辑器中集成，但采用 KTS 的构建速度往往比采用 Groovy 慢，因此在迁移到 KTS 时应考虑构建性能。在kts中写法为：implementation(fileTree(mapOf("dir" to "libs", "include" to listOf("*.jar"))))。一个好的策略是首先对所有不明确的语句进行属性分配，然后通过将失败的语句转换为函数调用来修复构建。代码块指定的自定义存储库中提供的插件。
啥是插件？为啥要自定义插件？
其实插件就是一系列特定任务的Task，这些Task具有特殊的功能，比如安卓工程的默认gradle插件就有好多Task：build、clean等。目前使用AS编译的安卓工程都是基于Gradle构建的。Gradle的灵魂就是Task。一般这些task 参与、干预项目的打包流程。因此我们自定义插件也可以自定义一些Task来干预项目的打包。
插件的应用场景？
接下来我们就回顾下安卓工程中的gradle插件场景，如下部分代码。是不是很熟悉又陌生，熟悉是因为你创建工程后、项目开
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一、 在项目多渠道开发时，除了对不同的渠道除了做统计外，还可以对不同的渠道加载不同的代码及资源，具体的部署可以参考 Android studio gradle中分渠道加载res、libraries及Class ；在模块化拆分后，若恰好在模块内部的代码及资源也要根据不同的渠道发布不同的aar包到nexus仓库，该怎么配置呢？
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直接编写是Android项目工程自带的默认管理方式，在每一个module中都写死了不同依赖及版本号，因此每次升级依赖库时都需要对每一个module做大量的手动更改。Google在Android官方文档中推荐通过使用gradle的extra属性，将依赖及版本号编写到config.gradle配置文件中，每个module都去依赖config.gradle中的版本，从而达到统一管理的目的。ext {libs = [Gradle文档。
