在大中型公司,在任何给定时间里,都可能发生由于卡纸、纸张用完或某些其他有问题而导致多台打印机无法工作的情况。 Microsoft .NET Framework 的 API 中公开的一组丰富的打印机属性提供一种方法,用于快速调查打印机状态。
在每一轮服务器循环访问过程中,循环访问所有服务器的队列并读取每个属性,这些属性可能指示队列当前不在工作。
以下代码是一系列代码段。 为简单起见,本示例假定存在通过 CRLF 分隔的打印服务器列表。 变量
fileOfPrintServers
是该文件的
StreamReader
对象。 由于每个服务器名称是在单独的一行上,因此对
ReadLine
的任何调用将获取下一服务器的名称并将
StreamReader
的光标移动到下一行的开头。
在外部循环中,代码会创建最新打印服务器的
PrintServer
对象,并指定应用程序需具有服务器的管理权限。
如果有很多服务器,可以通过使用
PrintServer(String, String[], PrintSystemDesiredAccess)
构造函数来提高性能,这些构造函数仅初始化需要的属性。
然后,该示例使用
GetPrintQueues
来创建所有服务器队列的集合,并开始对其进行循环访问。 此内部循环包含一个分支结构,该结构对应于检查打印机状态的两种方法:
可以读取每个相关属性,例如
IsOutOfPaper
和
IsPaperJammed
。
此示例会演示这两种方法,系统会预先提示用户要使用哪种方法,且如果用户想要使用
QueueStatus
属性的标志,可回复“y”。 请参阅以下有关这两种方法的详细信息。
最后,会向用户显示结果。
// Survey queue status for every queue on every print server
System::String^ line;
System::String^ statusReport = "\n\nAny problem states are indicated below:\n\n";
while ((line = fileOfPrintServers->ReadLine()) != nullptr)
System::Printing::PrintServer^ myPS = gcnew System::Printing::PrintServer(line, PrintSystemDesiredAccess::AdministrateServer);
System::Printing::PrintQueueCollection^ myPrintQueues = myPS->GetPrintQueues();
statusReport = statusReport + "\n" + line;
for each (System::Printing::PrintQueue^ pq in myPrintQueues)
pq->Refresh();
statusReport = statusReport + "\n\t" + pq->Name + ":";
if (useAttributesResponse == "y")
TroubleSpotter::SpotTroubleUsingQueueAttributes(statusReport, pq);
// TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
} else
TroubleSpotter::SpotTroubleUsingProperties(statusReport, pq);
fileOfPrintServers->Close();
Console::WriteLine(statusReport);
Console::WriteLine("\nPress Return to continue.");
Console::ReadLine();
// Survey queue status for every queue on every print server
String line;
String statusReport = "\n\nAny problem states are indicated below:\n\n";
while ((line = fileOfPrintServers.ReadLine()) != null)
PrintServer myPS = new PrintServer(line, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministrateServer);
PrintQueueCollection myPrintQueues = myPS.GetPrintQueues();
statusReport = statusReport + "\n" + line;
foreach (PrintQueue pq in myPrintQueues)
pq.Refresh();
statusReport = statusReport + "\n\t" + pq.Name + ":";
if (useAttributesResponse == "y")
TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingQueueAttributes(ref statusReport, pq);
// TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingProperties(ref statusReport, pq);
}// end for each print queue
}// end while list of print servers is not yet exhausted
fileOfPrintServers.Close();
Console.WriteLine(statusReport);
Console.WriteLine("\nPress Return to continue.");
Console.ReadLine();
' Survey queue status for every queue on every print server
Dim line As String
Dim statusReport As String = vbLf & vbLf & "Any problem states are indicated below:" & vbLf & vbLf
line = fileOfPrintServers.ReadLine()
Do While line IsNot Nothing
Dim myPS As New PrintServer(line, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministrateServer)
Dim myPrintQueues As PrintQueueCollection = myPS.GetPrintQueues()
statusReport = statusReport & vbLf & line
For Each pq As PrintQueue In myPrintQueues
pq.Refresh()
statusReport = statusReport & vbLf & vbTab & pq.Name & ":"
If useAttributesResponse = "y" Then
TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingQueueAttributes(statusReport, pq)
' TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingProperties(statusReport, pq)
End If
Next pq ' end for each print queue
line = fileOfPrintServers.ReadLine()
Loop ' end while list of print servers is not yet exhausted
fileOfPrintServers.Close()
Console.WriteLine(statusReport)
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Press Return to continue.")
Console.ReadLine()
若要使用 QueueStatus 属性的标志检查打印机状态,请检查每个相关标志以查看是否对其进行了设置。 检查是否在一组位标志中设置了一个位的标准方法是执行一个逻辑 AND 运算,其中将该组标志作为一个操作数,将标志本身作为另一操作数。 由于该标志本身仅设置一个位,因此逻辑 AND 的结果至多为设置了该相同位。 若要查明事实是否如此,只需将逻辑 AND 的结果与标志本身进行比较。 有关详细信息,请参阅 PrintQueueStatus、& 运算符(C# 参考)和 FlagsAttribute。
对于已设置了其位的各个特性,代码会将一条通知添加到将向用户显示的最终报告中。 (下面会讨论代码结束时调用的 ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime 方法。)
internal:
// Check for possible trouble states of a printer using the flags of the QueueStatus property
static void SpotTroubleUsingQueueAttributes (System::String^% statusReport, System::Printing::PrintQueue^ pq)
if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::PaperProblem) == PrintQueueStatus::PaperProblem)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper problem. ";
if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::NoToner) == PrintQueueStatus::NoToner)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of toner. ";
if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::DoorOpen) == PrintQueueStatus::DoorOpen)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has an open door. ";
if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::Error) == PrintQueueStatus::Error)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is in an error state. ";
if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::NotAvailable) == PrintQueueStatus::NotAvailable)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is not available. ";
if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::Offline) == PrintQueueStatus::Offline)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is off line. ";
if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::OutOfMemory) == PrintQueueStatus::OutOfMemory)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of memory. ";
if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::PaperOut) == PrintQueueStatus::PaperOut)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of paper. ";
if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::OutputBinFull) == PrintQueueStatus::OutputBinFull)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has a full output bin. ";
if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::PaperJam) == PrintQueueStatus::PaperJam)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper jam. ";
if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::Paused) == PrintQueueStatus::Paused)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is paused. ";
if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::TonerLow) == PrintQueueStatus::TonerLow)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is low on toner. ";
if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::UserIntervention) == PrintQueueStatus::UserIntervention)
statusReport = statusReport + "Needs user intervention. ";
// Check if queue is even available at this time of day
// The method below is defined in the complete example.
ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(statusReport, pq);
// Check for possible trouble states of a printer using the flags of the QueueStatus property
internal static void SpotTroubleUsingQueueAttributes(ref String statusReport, PrintQueue pq)
if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.PaperProblem) == PrintQueueStatus.PaperProblem)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper problem. ";
if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.NoToner) == PrintQueueStatus.NoToner)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of toner. ";
if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.DoorOpen) == PrintQueueStatus.DoorOpen)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has an open door. ";
if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.Error) == PrintQueueStatus.Error)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is in an error state. ";
if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.NotAvailable) == PrintQueueStatus.NotAvailable)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is not available. ";
if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.Offline) == PrintQueueStatus.Offline)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is off line. ";
if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.OutOfMemory) == PrintQueueStatus.OutOfMemory)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of memory. ";
if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.PaperOut) == PrintQueueStatus.PaperOut)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of paper. ";
if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.OutputBinFull) == PrintQueueStatus.OutputBinFull)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has a full output bin. ";
if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.PaperJam) == PrintQueueStatus.PaperJam)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper jam. ";
if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.Paused) == PrintQueueStatus.Paused)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is paused. ";
if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.TonerLow) == PrintQueueStatus.TonerLow)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is low on toner. ";
if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.UserIntervention) == PrintQueueStatus.UserIntervention)
statusReport = statusReport + "Needs user intervention. ";
// Check if queue is even available at this time of day
// The method below is defined in the complete example.
ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(ref statusReport, pq);
' Check for possible trouble states of a printer using the flags of the QueueStatus property
Friend Shared Sub SpotTroubleUsingQueueAttributes(ByRef statusReport As String, ByVal pq As PrintQueue)
If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.PaperProblem) = PrintQueueStatus.PaperProblem Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Has a paper problem. "
End If
If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.NoToner) = PrintQueueStatus.NoToner Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is out of toner. "
End If
If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.DoorOpen) = PrintQueueStatus.DoorOpen Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Has an open door. "
End If
If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.Error) = PrintQueueStatus.Error Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is in an error state. "
End If
If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.NotAvailable) = PrintQueueStatus.NotAvailable Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is not available. "
End If
If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.Offline) = PrintQueueStatus.Offline Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is off line. "
End If
If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.OutOfMemory) = PrintQueueStatus.OutOfMemory Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is out of memory. "
End If
If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.PaperOut) = PrintQueueStatus.PaperOut Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is out of paper. "
End If
If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.OutputBinFull) = PrintQueueStatus.OutputBinFull Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Has a full output bin. "
End If
If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.PaperJam) = PrintQueueStatus.PaperJam Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Has a paper jam. "
End If
If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.Paused) = PrintQueueStatus.Paused Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is paused. "
End If
If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.TonerLow) = PrintQueueStatus.TonerLow Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is low on toner. "
End If
If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.UserIntervention) = PrintQueueStatus.UserIntervention Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Needs user intervention. "
End If
' Check if queue is even available at this time of day
' The method below is defined in the complete example.
ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(statusReport, pq)
End Sub
若要使用各个属性检查打印机状态,只需读取各个属性,并将注释添加到最终报告,如果属性为 true
,将向用户显示最终报告。 (下面会讨论代码结束时调用的 ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime 方法。)
internal:
// Check for possible trouble states of a printer using its properties
static void SpotTroubleUsingProperties (System::String^% statusReport, System::Printing::PrintQueue^ pq)
if (pq->HasPaperProblem)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper problem. ";
if (!(pq->HasToner))
statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of toner. ";
if (pq->IsDoorOpened)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has an open door. ";
if (pq->IsInError)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is in an error state. ";
if (pq->IsNotAvailable)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is not available. ";
if (pq->IsOffline)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is off line. ";
if (pq->IsOutOfMemory)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of memory. ";
if (pq->IsOutOfPaper)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of paper. ";
if (pq->IsOutputBinFull)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has a full output bin. ";
if (pq->IsPaperJammed)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper jam. ";
if (pq->IsPaused)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is paused. ";
if (pq->IsTonerLow)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is low on toner. ";
if (pq->NeedUserIntervention)
statusReport = statusReport + "Needs user intervention. ";
// Check if queue is even available at this time of day
// The following method is defined in the complete example.
ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(statusReport, pq);
// Check for possible trouble states of a printer using its properties
internal static void SpotTroubleUsingProperties(ref String statusReport, PrintQueue pq)
if (pq.HasPaperProblem)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper problem. ";
if (!(pq.HasToner))
statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of toner. ";
if (pq.IsDoorOpened)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has an open door. ";
if (pq.IsInError)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is in an error state. ";
if (pq.IsNotAvailable)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is not available. ";
if (pq.IsOffline)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is off line. ";
if (pq.IsOutOfMemory)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of memory. ";
if (pq.IsOutOfPaper)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of paper. ";
if (pq.IsOutputBinFull)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has a full output bin. ";
if (pq.IsPaperJammed)
statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper jam. ";
if (pq.IsPaused)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is paused. ";
if (pq.IsTonerLow)
statusReport = statusReport + "Is low on toner. ";
if (pq.NeedUserIntervention)
statusReport = statusReport + "Needs user intervention. ";
// Check if queue is even available at this time of day
// The following method is defined in the complete example.
ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(ref statusReport, pq);
}//end SpotTroubleUsingProperties
' Check for possible trouble states of a printer using its properties
Friend Shared Sub SpotTroubleUsingProperties(ByRef statusReport As String, ByVal pq As PrintQueue)
If pq.HasPaperProblem Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Has a paper problem. "
End If
If Not(pq.HasToner) Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is out of toner. "
End If
If pq.IsDoorOpened Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Has an open door. "
End If
If pq.IsInError Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is in an error state. "
End If
If pq.IsNotAvailable Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is not available. "
End If
If pq.IsOffline Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is off line. "
End If
If pq.IsOutOfMemory Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is out of memory. "
End If
If pq.IsOutOfPaper Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is out of paper. "
End If
If pq.IsOutputBinFull Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Has a full output bin. "
End If
If pq.IsPaperJammed Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Has a paper jam. "
End If
If pq.IsPaused Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is paused. "
End If
If pq.IsTonerLow Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Is low on toner. "
End If
If pq.NeedUserIntervention Then
statusReport = statusReport & "Needs user intervention. "
End If
' Check if queue is even available at this time of day
' The following method is defined in the complete example.
ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(statusReport, pq)
End Sub
创建了 ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime 方法,以应对需要确定队列在一天的当前时间是否可用的情况。
如果 StartTimeOfDay 和 UntilTimeOfDay 属性相等,该方法将不会执行任何操作;因为在这种情况下,打印机始终可用。 如果它们不同,则该方法将获取当前时间,该时间必须随后转换为午夜过后的总分钟数,因为 StartTimeOfDay 和 UntilTimeOfDay 属性是表示午夜后分钟数的 Int32,而不是 DateTime 对象。 最后,该方法会检查当前时间是否介于开始时间和“截至”时间之间。
private:
static void ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime (System::String^% statusReport, System::Printing::PrintQueue^ pq)
if (pq->StartTimeOfDay != pq->UntilTimeOfDay)
System::DateTime utcNow = DateTime::UtcNow;
System::Int32 utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight = (utcNow.TimeOfDay.Hours * 60) + utcNow.TimeOfDay.Minutes;
// If now is not within the range of available times . . .
if (!((pq->StartTimeOfDay < utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight) && (utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight < pq->UntilTimeOfDay)))
statusReport = statusReport + " Is not available at this time of day. ";
private static void ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(ref String statusReport, PrintQueue pq)
if (pq.StartTimeOfDay != pq.UntilTimeOfDay) // If the printer is not available 24 hours a day
DateTime utcNow = DateTime.UtcNow;
Int32 utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight = (utcNow.TimeOfDay.Hours * 60) + utcNow.TimeOfDay.Minutes;
// If now is not within the range of available times . . .
if (!((pq.StartTimeOfDay < utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight)
(utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight < pq.UntilTimeOfDay)))
statusReport = statusReport + " Is not available at this time of day. ";
Private Shared Sub ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(ByRef statusReport As String, ByVal pq As PrintQueue)
If pq.StartTimeOfDay <> pq.UntilTimeOfDay Then ' If the printer is not available 24 hours a day
Dim utcNow As Date = Date.UtcNow
Dim utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight As Int32 = (utcNow.TimeOfDay.Hours * 60) + utcNow.TimeOfDay.Minutes
' If now is not within the range of available times . . .
If Not((pq.StartTimeOfDay < utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight) AndAlso (utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight < pq.UntilTimeOfDay)) Then
statusReport = statusReport & " Is not available at this time of day. "
End If
End If
End Sub
StartTimeOfDay
UntilTimeOfDay
DateTime
PrintQueueStatus
FlagsAttribute
GetPrintQueues
PrintServer
LocalPrintServer
EnumeratedPrintQueueTypes
PrintQueue
&运算符(C# 引用)
WPF 中的文档