sudo apt update
sudo apt install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt install python3.7

然后使系统中默认python3为python3.7，修改软链接

sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3

安装pip3

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

pip3 --version
pip 8.1.1 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (python 3.7)  得到3.7对应的pip

此时可能会报错

File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/flask/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from markupsafe import escape
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'markupsafe'

需要再安装如下包，参考 [bug] conan doesn't work on python 3.5 anymore · Issue #9019 · conan-io/conan · GitHub ，虽然是针对3.5，但是修复3.7成功。

sudo python3 -m pip install conan MarkupSafe==1.1.1  -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

python3 server.py

① 如果直接在Ubuntu 16.04中python3的默认环境python3.5上部署，遇到from markupsafe import escape ImportError: cannot import name 'escape'问题，按照 [bug] conan doesn't work on python 3.5 anymore · Issue #9019 · conan-io/conan · GitHub 的方法没有修复成功；

② 如果安装python3.8后部署，会遇到Error: module 'platform' has no attribute 'linux_distribution'的问题，根据 ubuntu - Error: module 'platform' has no attribute 'linux_distribution' - Stack Overflow 的如下解释，后来尝试使用3.7安装成功

Python 3.8 removed the "linux_distribution()" function from the platform module. It is replaced by the equivalent in the "distro" module 
(distro is not built-in to Python and must be installed via pip).
If you're unable to change the source code, you can try downgrading your Python to Python 3.7

③ 一些可能报错及解决：

ImportError: cannot import name 'sysconfig' from 'distutils' 　　　　-->　　　　sudo apt-get install python3.x-distutils

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'distutils.util' 　　　　-->　　　　sudo apt-get install python3.x-distutils

④ 一种可能的安装pip的方式：

sudo apt remove python3-pip
sudo python3.8 -m easy_install pip

参考链接：

Installing Python 3.8.3 on Ubuntu 16.04, change the default version of python to the new version, and why is my terminal not working. | by RL | Analytics Vidhya | Medium

(28条消息) Ubuntu 16.04下更换系统默认python版本_shawnL1的博客-CSDN博客

[bug] conan doesn't work on python 3.5 anymore · Issue #9019 · conan-io/conan · GitHub