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1rnnmjb">.css-1rnnmjb{max-width:1340px;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1rnnmjb"><style data-emotion="css 90fn5w">.css-90fn5w{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-90fn5w{-webkit-flex-direction:column-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:column-reverse;flex-direction:column-reverse;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-90fn5w{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}}</style><div class="css-90fn5w"><style data-emotion="css vofosd">.css-vofosd{padding:1.5rem 0;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-vofosd{width:100%;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-vofosd{width:calc(100% - 17.5rem);}}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-vofosd"><style data-emotion="css 1ekb41w">.css-1ekb41w{width:100%;margin-left:auto;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:auto;display:block;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1ekb41w{padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px;}}@media (min-width:1536px){.css-1ekb41w{max-width:1536px;}}</style><div class="MuiContainer-root MuiContainer-maxWidthXl doc-content css-1ekb41w"><div class="markdown-body MuiBox-root css-0"><h1 id="从-tidb-集群迁移数据至兼容-mysql-的数据库" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BB%8E-tidb-%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E8%BF%81%E7%A7%BB%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%87%B3%E5%85%BC%E5%AE%B9-mysql-%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93" aria-label="从 tidb 集群迁移数据至兼容 mysql 的数据库 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>从 TiDB 集群迁移数据至兼容 MySQL 的数据库</h1><p>本文档介绍如何将数据从 TiDB 集群迁移至兼容 MySQL 的数据库，如 Aurora、MySQL、MariaDB 等。本文将模拟整个迁移过程，具体包括以下四个步骤：</p><ol><li>搭建环境</li><li>迁移全量数据</li><li>迁移增量数据</li><li>平滑切换业务</li></ol><h2 id="第-1-步搭建环境" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E7%AC%AC-1-%E6%AD%A5%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" aria-label="第 1 步搭建环境 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>第 1 步：搭建环境</h2><ol><li><p>部署上游 TiDB 集群。</p><p>使用 TiUP Playground 快速部署上下游测试集群。更多部署信息，请参考 <a href="/zh/tidb/dev/tiup-cluster">TiUP 官方文档</a>。</p><pre><code class="language-shell"># 创建上游集群 tiup playground --db 1 --pd 1 --kv 1 --tiflash 0 --ticdc 1 # 查看集群状态 tiup status </code></pre></li><li><p>部署下游 MySQL 实例。</p><ul><li><p>在实验环境中，可以使用 Docker 快速部署 MySQL 实例，执行如下命令：</p><pre><code class="language-shell">docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -p 3306:3306 -d mysql </code></pre></li><li><p>在生产环境中，可以参考 <a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/installing.html" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">Installing MySQL</a> 来部署 MySQL 实例。</p></li></ul></li><li><p>模拟业务负载。</p><p>在测试实验环境下，可以使用 go-tpc 向上游 TiDB 集群写入数据，以让 TiDB 产生事件变更数据。执行如下命令，将首先在上游 TiDB 创建名为 tpcc 的数据库，然后使用 TiUP bench 写入数据到刚创建的 tpcc 数据库中。</p><pre><code class="language-shell">tiup bench tpcc -H 127.0.0.1 -P 4000 -D tpcc --warehouses 4 prepare tiup bench tpcc -H 127.0.0.1 -P 4000 -D tpcc --warehouses 4 run --time 300s </code></pre><p>关于 go-tpc 的更多详细内容，可以参考<a href="/zh/tidb/dev/benchmark-tidb-using-tpcc">如何对 TiDB 进行 TPC-C 测试</a>。</p></li></ol><h2 id="第-2-步迁移全量数据" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E7%AC%AC-2-%E6%AD%A5%E8%BF%81%E7%A7%BB%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" aria-label="第 2 步迁移全量数据 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>第 2 步：迁移全量数据</h2><p>搭建好测试环境后，可以使用 <a href="/zh/tidb/dev/dumpling-overview">Dumpling</a> 工具导出上游集群的全量数据。</p><style data-emotion="css 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focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="InfoOutlinedIcon"><path d="M11,9H13V7H11M12,20C7.59,20 4,16.41 4,12C4,7.59 7.59,4 12,4C16.41,4 20,7.59 20, 12C20,16.41 16.41,20 12,20M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10, 10 0 0,0 12,2M11,17H13V11H11V17Z"/></svg></div><style data-emotion="css 1xsto0d">.css-1xsto0d{padding:8px 0;min-width:0;overflow:auto;}</style><div class="MuiAlert-message css-1xsto0d"><style data-emotion="css 1h2y6o4">.css-1h2y6o4{font-weight:500;margin-top:-2px;}</style><style data-emotion="css 17ioyuk">.css-17ioyuk{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;margin-bottom:0.35em;font-weight:500;margin-top:-2px;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiTypography-gutterBottom MuiAlertTitle-root css-17ioyuk">注意</div><p>在生产集群中，关闭 GC 机制和备份操作会一定程度上降低集群的读性能，建议在业务低峰期进行备份，并设置合适的 <code>RATE_LIMIT</code> 限制备份操作对线上业务的影响。</p></div></div></div><ol><li><p>关闭 GC (Garbage Collection)。</p><p>为了保证增量迁移过程中新写入的数据不丢失，在开始全量导出之前，需要关闭上游集群的垃圾回收 (GC) 机制，以确保系统不再清理历史数据。</p><p>执行如下命令关闭 GC：</p><pre><code class="language-sql">MySQL [test]&gt; SET GLOBAL tidb_gc_enable=FALSE; </code></pre><pre><code>Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) </code></pre><p>查询 <code>tidb_gc_enable</code> 的取值，判断 GC 是否已关闭：</p><pre><code class="language-sql">MySQL [test]&gt; SELECT @@global.tidb_gc_enable; </code></pre><pre><code>+-------------------------+： | @@global.tidb_gc_enable | +-------------------------+ | 0 | +-------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) </code></pre></li><li><p>备份数据。</p><ol><li><p>使用 Dumpling 导出 SQL 格式的数据：</p><pre><code class="language-shell">tiup dumpling -u root -P 4000 -h 127.0.0.1 --filetype sql -t 8 -o ./dumpling_output -r 200000 -F256MiB </code></pre></li><li><p>导出完毕后，执行如下命令查看导出数据的元信息，metadata 文件中的 <code>Pos</code> 就是导出快照的 TSO，将其记录为 BackupTS：</p><pre><code class="language-shell">cat dumpling_output/metadata </code></pre><pre><code>Started dump at: 2022-06-28 17:49:54 SHOW MASTER STATUS: Log: tidb-binlog Pos: 434217889191428107 GTID: Finished dump at: 2022-06-28 17:49:57 </code></pre></li></ol></li><li><p>恢复数据。</p><p>使用开源工具 MyLoader 导入数据到下游 MySQL。MyLoader 的安装和详细用例参见 <a href="https://github.com/mydumper/mydumper" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">MyDumpler/MyLoader</a>。注意需要使用 MyLoader v0.10 或更早版本，否则会导致 MyLoader 无法处理 Dumpling 导出的 metadata 文件。</p><p>执行以下指令，将 Dumpling 导出的上游全量数据导入到下游 MySQL 实例：</p><pre><code class="language-shell">myloader -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -d ./dumpling_output/ </code></pre></li><li><p>（可选）校验数据。</p><p>通过 <a href="/zh/tidb/dev/sync-diff-inspector-overview">sync-diff-inspector</a> 工具，可以验证上下游数据在某个时间点的一致性。</p><pre><code class="language-shell">sync_diff_inspector -C ./config.yaml </code></pre><p>关于 sync-diff-inspector 的配置方法，请参考<a href="/zh/tidb/dev/sync-diff-inspector-overview#配置文件说明">配置文件说明</a>。在本文中，相应的配置如下：</p><pre><code class="language-toml"># Diff Configuration. ######################### Datasource config ######################### [data-sources] [data-sources.upstream] host = "127.0.0.1" # 需要替换为实际上游集群 ip port = 4000 user = "root" password = "" snapshot = "434217889191428107" # 配置为实际的备份时间点（参见「备份」小节的 BackupTS） [data-sources.downstream] host = "127.0.0.1" # 需要替换为实际下游集群 ip port = 3306 user = "root" password = "" ######################### Task config ######################### [task] output-dir = "./output" source-instances = ["upstream"] target-instance = "downstream" target-check-tables = ["*.*"] </code></pre></li></ol><h2 id="第-3-步迁移增量数据" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E7%AC%AC-3-%E6%AD%A5%E8%BF%81%E7%A7%BB%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" aria-label="第 3 步迁移增量数据 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>第 3 步：迁移增量数据</h2><ol><li><p>部署 TiCDC。</p><p>完成全量数据迁移后，就可以部署并配置 TiCDC 集群同步增量数据，实际生产集群中请参考 <a href="/zh/tidb/dev/deploy-ticdc">TiCDC 部署</a>。本文在创建测试集群时，已经启动了一个 TiCDC 节点，因此可以直接进行 changefeed 的配置。</p></li><li><p>创建同步任务。</p><p>在上游集群中，执行以下命令创建从上游到下游集群的同步链路：</p><pre><code class="language-shell">tiup ctl:v&lt;CLUSTER_VERSION&gt; cdc changefeed create --server=http://127.0.0.1:8300 --sink-uri="mysql://root:@127.0.0.1:3306" --changefeed-id="upstream-to-downstream" --start-ts="434217889191428107" </code></pre><p>以上命令中：</p><ul><li><code>--server</code>：TiCDC 集群任意一节点地址</li><li><code>--sink-uri</code>：同步任务下游的地址</li><li><code>--changefeed-id</code>：同步任务的 ID，格式需要符合正则表达式 <code>^[a-zA-Z0-9]+(\-[a-zA-Z0-9]+)*$</code></li><li><code>--start-ts</code>：TiCDC 同步的起点，需要设置为实际的备份时间点，也就是<a href="/zh/tidb/dev/migrate-from-tidb-to-mysql#第-2-步迁移全量数据">第 2 步：迁移全量数据</a>中 “备份数据” 提到的 BackupTS</li></ul><p>更多关于 changefeed 的配置，请参考 <a href="/zh/tidb/dev/ticdc-changefeed-config">TiCDC Changefeed 配置参数</a>。</p></li><li><p>重新开启 GC。</p><p>TiCDC 可以保证 GC 只回收已经同步的历史数据。因此，创建完从上游到下游集群的 changefeed 之后，就可以执行如下命令恢复集群的垃圾回收功能。详情请参考 <a href="/zh/tidb/dev/ticdc-faq#ticdc-gc-safepoint-的完整行为是什么">TiCDC GC safepoint 的完整行为</a>。</p><p>执行如下命令打开 GC：</p><pre><code class="language-sql">MySQL [test]&gt; SET GLOBAL tidb_gc_enable=TRUE; </code></pre><pre><code>Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) </code></pre><p>查询 <code>tidb_gc_enable</code> 的取值，判断 GC 是否已开启：</p><pre><code class="language-sql">MySQL [test]&gt; SELECT @@global.tidb_gc_enable; </code></pre><pre><code>+-------------------------+ | @@global.tidb_gc_enable | +-------------------------+ | 1 | +-------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) </code></pre></li></ol><h2 id="第-4-步平滑切换业务" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E7%AC%AC-4-%E6%AD%A5%E5%B9%B3%E6%BB%91%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1" aria-label="第 4 步平滑切换业务 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>第 4 步：平滑切换业务</h2><p>通过 TiCDC 创建上下游的同步链路后，原集群的写入数据会以非常低的延迟同步到新集群，此时可以逐步将读流量迁移到新集群了。观察一段时间，如果新集群表现稳定，就可以将写流量接入新集群，步骤如下：</p><ol><li><p>停止上游集群的写业务。确认上游数据已全部同步到下游后，停止上游到下游集群的 changefeed。</p><pre><code class="language-shell"># 停止旧集群到新集群的 changefeed tiup cdc cli changefeed pause -c "upstream-to-downstream" --pd=http://172.16.6.122:2379 # 查看 changefeed 状态 tiup cdc cli changefeed list "id": "upstream-to-downstream", "summary": { "state": "stopped", # 需要确认这里的状态为 stopped "tso": 434218657561968641,