docker--build自己的image - 爬行的龟

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通过container commit成image

[root@localhost docker_test]# docker container commit #可以简写成docker commit
"docker container commit" requires at least 1 and at most 2 arguments.
See 'docker container commit --help'.
Usage:  docker container commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Create a new image from a container's changes
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker image build #可以简写成docker build
"docker image build" requires exactly 1 argument.
See 'docker image build --help'.
Usage:  docker image build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
Build an image from a Dockerfile

以centos image为例，centos base image 默认没安装vim，进入交互式，yum install vim

[root@localhost docker_test]# docker image ls 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
bigni/test1         latest              f5620b92331c        2 hours ago         861kB
ubuntu              14.04               2c5e00d77a67        7 weeks ago         188MB
centos              latest              9f38484d220f        3 months ago        202MB
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        6 months ago        1.84kB
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker run centos
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker run centos -it
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:345: starting container process caused "exec: \"-it\": executable file not found in $PATH": unknown.
ERRO[0000] error waiting for container: context canceled 
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker run -it  centos
[root@dba873e57276 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@dba873e57276 /]# vim
bash: vim: command not found
[root@dba873e57276 /]# yum install -y vim

[root@localhost docker_test]# docker container ls -a #查看所有container
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
dba873e57276        centos              "/bin/bash"         8 minutes ago       Exited (0) 11 seconds ago                       infallible_rubin
36c7c2011bdb        centos              "-it"               8 minutes ago       Created                                         wonderful_haslett
2401371f2c7a        centos              "/bin/bash"         9 minutes ago       Exited (0) 8 minutes ago                        vibrant_dijkstra
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker commit 
"docker commit" requires at least 1 and at most 2 arguments.
See 'docker commit --help'.
Usage:  docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]  #docker commit 使用方法
Create a new image from a container's changes
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker commit infallible_rubin bigni/centos_vim #把names：infallible_rubin 的container commit 成image：bigni/centos_vim
sha256:afe852c481e754b88b28a663f6e98e0a52816e253c64af4b2b823f8bb8702961
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker image ls -a #查看新增image，比centos image大了好多，安装vim 需要的依赖包不少。
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
bigni/centos_vim    latest              afe852c481e7        10 seconds ago      362MB
<none>              <none>              3ec8199c2855        3 hours ago         861kB
bigni/test1         latest              f5620b92331c        3 hours ago         861kB
ubuntu              14.04               2c5e00d77a67        7 weeks ago         188MB
centos              latest              9f38484d220f        3 months ago        202MB
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        6 months ago        1.84kB
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker run -it bigni/centos_vim #交互式运行
bigni/centos_vim         bigni/centos_vim:latest  
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker run -it bigni/centos_vim #交互式运行，测试能不能使用vim
[root@3afa6597d516 /]# vim test  
[root@3afa6597d516 /]# cat test
docker so easy
[root@3afa6597d516 /]# exit        #退出
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker container ls -a #可以看到新增一个container
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
3afa6597d516        bigni/centos_vim    "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Exited (0) 12 seconds ago                       cranky_zhukovsky
dba873e57276        centos              "/bin/bash"         12 minutes ago       Exited (0) 4 minutes ago                        infallible_rubin
36c7c2011bdb        centos              "-it"               12 minutes ago       Created                                         wonderful_haslett
2401371f2c7a        centos              "/bin/bash"         12 minutes ago       Exited (0) 12 minutes ago                       vibrant_dijkstra
[root@localhost docker_test]#

查看原始的centos image 和新增的image

[root@localhost docker_test]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
bigni/centos_vim    latest              afe852c481e7        7 minutes ago       362MB
bigni/test1         latest              f5620b92331c        3 hours ago         861kB
ubuntu              14.04               2c5e00d77a67        7 weeks ago         188MB
centos              latest              9f38484d220f        3 months ago        202MB
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        6 months ago        1.84kB
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker history 9f38484d220f
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
9f38484d220f        3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B                  
<missing>           3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B                  
<missing>           3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:074f2c974463ab38c…   202MB               
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker history afe852c481e7
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
afe852c481e7        7 minutes ago       /bin/bash                                       160MB           #可以看到，比原始的image多了一层 layer    
9f38484d220f        3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B                  
<missing>           3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B                  
<missing>           3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:074f2c974463ab38c…   202MB               
[root@localhost docker_test]#

上面就是通过docker commit 在base image至少build自己的image，这种方式不值得提倡，因为当把这个image发布出去后，别人并不知该image安装了什么，

而且也有可能是不安全的image。

另一种方式是通过Dockerfile来build一个image。

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir docker_vim
[root@localhost ~]# vim docker_vim/Dockerfile
[root@localhost ~]# cat docker_vim/Dockerfile 
FROM centos
RUN yum install -y vim
[root@localhost ~]# docker build -t bigni/centos_vim ./docker_vim/ #通过dockerfile build 新的image
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos #from centos
 ---> 9f38484d220f #直接引用centos image这一层，而不会新创建一层
Step 2/2 : RUN yum install -y vim #运行Dockerfile里配置的命令
 ---> Running in 551ad2fd3374 #创建临时container
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: vim-common = 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64
中间省略---> Package perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Text) >= 3.15 for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
 Package                    Arch       Version                Repository   Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 vim-enhanced               x86_64     2:7.4.160-6.el7_6      updates     1.0 M
Installing for dependencies:
中间省略which                      x86_64     2.20-7.el7             base         41 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+32 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 19 M
Installed size: 63 M
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Public key for gpm-libs-1.20.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
Public key for perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-294.el7_6.noarch.rpm is not installed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                              181 kB/s |  19 MB  01:49     
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
 Userid     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
 Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
 Package    : centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64 (@CentOS)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : gpm-libs-1.20.7-5.el7.x86_64                                1/33       中间省略                 
Complete!
Removing intermediate container 551ad2fd3374
 ---> f853f2a3f901
Successfully built f853f2a3f901 #创建完成

查看创建的image

[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
bigni/centos_vim    latest              f853f2a3f901        15 minutes ago      362MB
bigni/test1         latest              f5620b92331c        24 hours ago        861kB
ubuntu              14.04               2c5e00d77a67        7 weeks ago         188MB
centos              latest              9f38484d220f        3 months ago        202MB