在开发过程中,Git的cherry-pick 这个命令你会经常用到!
概述
git cherry-pick
可以理解为”挑拣”提交,它会获取某一个分支的单笔提交,并作为一个新的提交引入到你当前分支上。 当我们需要在本地合入其他分支的提交时,如果我们不想对整个分支进行合并,而是只想将某一次提交合入到本地当前分支上,那么就要使用
git cherry-pick
了。
用法
git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>...
常用options:
--quit 退出当前的chery-pick序列
--continue 继续当前的chery-pick序列
--abort 取消当前的chery-pick序列,恢复当前分支
-n, --no-commit 不自动提交
-e, --edit 编辑提交信息
git cherry-pick commitid 在本地仓库中,有两个分支:branch1和branch2,我们先来查看各个分支的提交:
# 切换到branch2分支
$ git checkout branch2
Switched to branch 'branch2'
# 查看最近三次提交
$ git log --oneline -3
23d9422 [Description]:branch2 commit 3
2555c6e [Description]:branch2 commit 2
b82ba0f [Description]:branch2 commit 1
# 切换到branch1分支
$ git checkout branch1
Switched to branch 'branch1'
# 查看最近三次提交
$ git log --oneline -3
20fe2f9 commit second
c51adbe commit first
ae2bd14 commit 3th
现在,我想要将branch2分支上的第一次提交内容合入到branch1分支上,则可以使用```
git cherry-pick
$ git cherry-pick 2555c6e error: could not apply 2555c6e... [Description]:branch2 commit 2 hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths hint: with 'git add ' or 'git rm ' hint: and commit the result with 'git commit'
当`cherry-pick`时,没有成功自动提交,这说明存在冲突,因此首先需要解决冲突,解决冲突后需要`git commit`手动进行提交:
$ git commit
Date: Fri Jul 13 18:36:44 2018 +0800 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 only-for-branch2.txt
或者
`
git add .
<span style="font-family:sans-serif,Arial,Verdana,"Trebuchet MS"">后直接使用</span>
git cherry-pick --continue
$ git log --oneline -3
790f431 [Description]:branch2 commit 2
20fe2f9 commit second
c51adbe commit first
branch2分支上的第二次提交成功合入到了branch1分支上。
以上就是
git cherry-pick
的基本用法,如果没有出现冲突,该命令将自动提交。
git cherry-pick -n
如果不想
git cherry-pick
自动进行提交,则加参数-n即可。比如将branch2分支上的第三次提交内容合入到branch1分支上:
$ git cherry-pick 23d9422
[branch1 2c67715] [Description]:branch2 commit 3
Date: Fri Jul 13 18:37:05 2018 +0800
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
$
查看提交log,它自动合入了branch1分支:
$ git log --oneline -3
2c67715 [Description]:branch2 commit 3
f8bc5db [Description]:branch2 commit 2
20fe2f9 commit second
如果不想进行自动合入,则使用```
git cherry-pick -n
回退上次提交,再此进行cherry-pick
git reset --hard HEAD~HEAD is now at f8bc5db [Description]:branch2 commit 2 git cherry-pick -n 23d9422
modified: only-for-branch2.txt
$
这时通过`git status`查看,发现已将branch2的提交获取但是没有合入
git cherry-pick -e
如果想要在`cherr-pick`后重新编辑提交信息,则使用`git cherry-pick -e`命令,比如我们还是要将branch2分支上的第三次提交内容合入到branch1分支上,但是需要修改提交信息:
$ git cherry-pick -e 23d9422
1 [Description]:branch2 commit 3 3 # It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick. 4 # If this is not correct, please remove the file 5 # .git/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD 6 # and try again.
**git cherry-pick –continue, –abort,–quit**
当使用`git cherry-pick`发生冲突后,将会出现如下信息:
$ git cherry-pick 23d9422 error: could not apply 23d9422... [Description]:branch2 commit 3 hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths hint: with 'git add ' or 'git rm ' hint: and commit the result with 'git commit'
这时如果要继续
`
cherry-pick
<span style="font-family:sans-serif,Arial,Verdana,"Trebuchet MS"">,则首先需要解决冲突,通过</span>
git add .
<span style="font-family:sans-serif,Arial,Verdana,"Trebuchet MS"">将文件标记为已解决,然后可以使用</span>
git cherry-pick --continue
<span style="font-family:sans-serif,Arial,Verdana,"Trebuchet MS"">命令,继续进行</span>
cherry-pick
</span>如果要中断这次```
cherry-pick
```<span style="font-family:sans-serif,Arial,Verdana,"Trebuchet MS"">,则使用</span>```
git cherry-pick --quit
```<span style="font-family:sans-serif,Arial,Verdana,"Trebuchet MS"">,这种情况下当前分支中未冲突的内容状态将为</span>```
modified
如果要取消这次
`
cherry-pick
<span style="font-family:sans-serif,Arial,Verdana,"Trebuchet MS"">,则使用</span>
git cherry-pick --abort
<strong>git cherry-pick < branchname ></strong>
如果在
git cherry-pick
后加一个分支名,则表示将该分支顶端提交进
cherry-pick
$ git cherry-pick master
git cherry-pick ..< branchname >
git cherry-pick ^HEAD < branchname >
以上两个命令作用相同,表示应用所有提交引入的更改,这些提交是```
branchname
C<---D<---E branch2 master A<---B
F<---G<---H branch3 HEAD
如果我使用
`
git cherry-pick ..branch2
<span style="font-family:sans-serif,Arial,Verdana,"Trebuchet MS"">或者</span>
git cherry-pick ^HEAD branch2
<span style="font-family:sans-serif,Arial,Verdana,"Trebuchet MS"">,那么会将属于</span>
branch2
<span style="font-family:sans-serif,Arial,Verdana,"Trebuchet MS"">的祖先但不属于</span>
branch3
$ git cherry-pick ..branch2
[branch3 c95d8b0] [Description]:branch2 add only-for-branch2
Date: Fri Jul 13 20:34:40 2018 +0800
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 only-for-branch2
[branch3 7199a67] [Description]:branch2 modify for only-for-branch2--1
Date: Fri Jul 13 20:38:35 2018 +0800
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
[branch3 eb8ab62] [Description]:branch2 modify for only-for-branch2--2
Date: Fri Jul 13 20:39:09 2018 +0800
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
执行后的提交历史如下:
C<---D<---E branch2
master A<---B
F<---G<---H<---C'<---D'<---E' branch3
HEAD
<strong>常见问题</strong>
1.The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.
原因: