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role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-11-4-8" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/stable/three-dc-local-read"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">在三数据中心下就近读取数据</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-11-4-9" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/stable/uuid"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root 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class="MuiContainer-root MuiContainer-maxWidthXl doc-content css-1ekb41w"><div class="markdown-body MuiBox-root css-0"><h1 id="haproxy-在-tidb-中的最佳实践" style="position:relative"><a href="#haproxy-%E5%9C%A8-tidb-%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%B3%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5" aria-label="haproxy 在 tidb 中的最佳实践 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>HAProxy 在 TiDB 中的最佳实践</h1><p>本文介绍 <a href="https://github.com/haproxy/haproxy" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">HAProxy</a> 在 TiDB 中的最佳配置和使用方法。HAProxy 提供 TCP 协议下的负载均衡能力，TiDB 客户端通过连接 HAProxy 提供的浮动 IP 即可对数据进行操作，实现 TiDB Server 层的负载均衡。</p><p><img src="https://download.pingcap.com/images/docs-cn/haproxy.jpg" alt="HAProxy 在 TiDB 中的最佳实践"/></p><style data-emotion="css 1weqspv">.css-1weqspv{padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;}.css-1weqspv .MuiAlert-message p{margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:0px;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1weqspv"><style data-emotion="css 17zlexa">.css-17zlexa{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:rgb(1, 67, 97);background-color:rgb(229, 246, 253);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding:6px 16px;}.css-17zlexa .MuiAlert-icon{color:#03a9f4;}</style><style data-emotion="css 152gid5">.css-152gid5{background-color:#fff;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87);-webkit-transition:box-shadow 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:box-shadow 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:none;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:rgb(1, 67, 97);background-color:rgb(229, 246, 253);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding:6px 16px;}.css-152gid5 .MuiAlert-icon{color:#03a9f4;}</style><div class="MuiPaper-root MuiPaper-elevation MuiPaper-rounded MuiPaper-elevation0 MuiAlert-root MuiAlert-standardInfo MuiAlert-standard css-152gid5" role="alert"><style data-emotion="css 1l54tgj">.css-1l54tgj{margin-right:12px;padding:7px 0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:22px;opacity:0.9;}</style><div class="MuiAlert-icon css-1l54tgj"><style data-emotion="css 1cw4hi4">.css-1cw4hi4{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:inherit;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="InfoOutlinedIcon"><path d="M11,9H13V7H11M12,20C7.59,20 4,16.41 4,12C4,7.59 7.59,4 12,4C16.41,4 20,7.59 20, 12C20,16.41 16.41,20 12,20M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10, 10 0 0,0 12,2M11,17H13V11H11V17Z"/></svg></div><style data-emotion="css 1xsto0d">.css-1xsto0d{padding:8px 0;min-width:0;overflow:auto;}</style><div class="MuiAlert-message css-1xsto0d"><style data-emotion="css 1h2y6o4">.css-1h2y6o4{font-weight:500;margin-top:-2px;}</style><style data-emotion="css 17ioyuk">.css-17ioyuk{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;margin-bottom:0.35em;font-weight:500;margin-top:-2px;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiTypography-gutterBottom MuiAlertTitle-root css-17ioyuk">注意</div><p>TiDB 支持的最小 HAProxy 版本为 v1.5。使用 v1.5 到 v2.1 之间的 HAProxy 时，需要在 <code>mysql-check</code> 中配置 <code>post-41</code>。建议使用 HAProxy v2.2 或更高版本。</p></div></div></div><h2 id="haproxy-简介" style="position:relative"><a href="#haproxy-%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B" aria-label="haproxy 简介 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>HAProxy 简介</h2><p>HAProxy 是由 C 语言编写的自由开放源码的软件，为基于 TCP 和 HTTP 协议的应用程序提供高可用性、负载均衡和代理服务。因为 HAProxy 能够快速、高效使用 CPU 和内存，所以目前使用非常广泛，许多知名网站诸如 GitHub、Bitbucket、Stack Overflow、Reddit、Tumblr、Twitter 和 Tuenti 以及亚马逊网络服务系统都在使用 HAProxy。</p><p>HAProxy 由 Linux 内核的核心贡献者 Willy Tarreau 于 2000 年编写，他现在仍然负责该项目的维护，并在开源社区免费提供版本迭代。本文示例使用 HAProxy <a href="https://www.haproxy.com/blog/announcing-haproxy-2-6/" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">2.6</a>。推荐使用最新稳定版的 HAProxy，详情见<a href="http://www.haproxy.org/" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">已发布的 HAProxy 版本</a>。</p><h2 id="haproxy-部分核心功能介绍" style="position:relative"><a href="#haproxy-%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D" aria-label="haproxy 部分核心功能介绍 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>HAProxy 部分核心功能介绍</h2><ul><li><a href="http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/2.6/intro.html#3.3.4" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">高可用性</a>：HAProxy 提供优雅关闭服务和无缝切换的高可用功能；</li><li><a href="http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/2.6/configuration.html#4.2-balance" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">负载均衡</a>：L4 (TCP) 和 L7 (HTTP) 两种负载均衡模式，至少 9 类均衡算法，比如 roundrobin，leastconn，random 等；</li><li><a href="http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/2.6/configuration.html#5.2-check" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">健康检查</a>：对 HAProxy 配置的 HTTP 或者 TCP 模式状态进行检查；</li><li><a href="http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/2.6/intro.html#3.3.6" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">会话保持</a>：在应用程序没有提供会话保持功能的情况下，HAProxy 可以提供该项功能；</li><li><a href="http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/2.6/intro.html#3.3.2" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">SSL</a>：支持 HTTPS 通信和解析；</li><li><a href="http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/2.6/intro.html#3.3.3" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">监控与统计</a>：通过 web 页面可以实时监控服务状态以及具体的流量信息。</li></ul><h2 id="准备环境" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" aria-label="准备环境 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>准备环境</h2><p>在部署 HAProxy 之前，需准备好以下环境。</p><h3 id="硬件要求" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" aria-label="硬件要求 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>硬件要求</h3><p>根据官方文档，对 HAProxy 的服务器硬件配置有以下建议，也可以根据负载均衡环境进行推算，在此基础上提高服务器配置。</p><table><thead><tr><th align="left">硬件资源</th><th align="left">最低配置</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">CPU</td><td align="left">2 核，3.5 GHz</td></tr><tr><td align="left">内存</td><td align="left">16 GB</td></tr><tr><td align="left">存储容量</td><td align="left">50 GB（SATA 盘）</td></tr><tr><td align="left">网卡</td><td align="left">万兆网卡</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="依赖软件" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" aria-label="依赖软件 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>依赖软件</h3><p>根据 HAProxy 官方文档，对操作系统和依赖包有以下建议，如果通过 yum 源部署安装 HAProxy 软件，依赖包无需单独安装。</p><h4 id="操作系统" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" aria-label="操作系统 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>操作系统</h4><table><thead><tr><th align="left">Linux 操作系统</th><th align="left">版本</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</td><td align="left">7 或者 8</td></tr><tr><td align="left">CentOS</td><td align="left">7 或者 8</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Oracle Enterprise Linux</td><td align="left">7 或者 8</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Ubuntu LTS</td><td align="left">18.04 或者以上版本</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MuiBox-root css-1weqspv"><div class="MuiPaper-root MuiPaper-elevation MuiPaper-rounded MuiPaper-elevation0 MuiAlert-root MuiAlert-standardInfo MuiAlert-standard css-152gid5" role="alert"><div class="MuiAlert-icon css-1l54tgj"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="InfoOutlinedIcon"><path d="M11,9H13V7H11M12,20C7.59,20 4,16.41 4,12C4,7.59 7.59,4 12,4C16.41,4 20,7.59 20, 12C20,16.41 16.41,20 12,20M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10, 10 0 0,0 12,2M11,17H13V11H11V17Z"/></svg></div><div class="MuiAlert-message css-1xsto0d"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiTypography-gutterBottom MuiAlertTitle-root css-17ioyuk">注意</div><ul><li>其他操作系统支持情况，详见 <a href="https://github.com/haproxy/haproxy/blob/master/INSTALL" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">HAProxy 文档</a>。</li></ul></div></div></div><h4 id="依赖包" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E5%8C%85" aria-label="依赖包 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>依赖包</h4><ul><li>epel-release</li><li>gcc</li><li>systemd-devel</li></ul><p>执行如下命令安装依赖包：</p><pre><code class="language-bash">yum -y install epel-release gcc systemd-devel </code></pre><h2 id="部署-haproxy" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2-haproxy" aria-label="部署 haproxy permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>部署 HAProxy</h2><p>HAProxy 配置 Database 负载均衡场景操作简单，以下部署操作具有普遍性，不具有特殊性，建议根据实际场景，个性化配置相关的<a href="http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/2.6/configuration.html" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">配置文件</a>。</p><h3 id="安装-haproxy" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85-haproxy" aria-label="安装 haproxy permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>安装 HAProxy</h3><ol><li><p>下载 HAProxy 2.6.2 的源码包：</p><pre><code class="language-bash">wget https://www.haproxy.org/download/2.6/src/haproxy-2.6.2.tar.gz </code></pre></li><li><p>解压源码包：</p><pre><code class="language-bash">tar zxf haproxy-2.6.2.tar.gz </code></pre></li><li><p>从源码编译 HAProxy 应用：</p><pre><code class="language-bash">cd haproxy-2.6.2 make clean make -j 8 TARGET=linux-glibc USE_THREAD=1 make PREFIX=${/app/haproxy} SBINDIR=${/app/haproxy/bin} install # 将 `${/app/haproxy}` 和 `${/app/haproxy/bin}` 替换为自定义的实际路径。 </code></pre></li><li><p>重新配置 <code>profile</code> 文件：</p><pre><code class="language-bash">echo 'export PATH=/app/haproxy/bin:$PATH' &gt;&gt; /etc/profile . /etc/profile </code></pre></li><li><p>检查 HAProxy 是否安装成功：</p><pre><code class="language-bash">which haproxy </code></pre></li></ol><h4 id="haproxy-命令介绍" style="position:relative"><a href="#haproxy-%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D" aria-label="haproxy 命令介绍 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>HAProxy 命令介绍</h4><p>执行如下命令查看命令行参数及基本用法：</p><pre><code class="language-bash">haproxy --help </code></pre><table><thead><tr><th align="left">参数</th><th align="left">说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-v</code></td><td align="left">显示简略的版本信息。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-vv</code></td><td align="left">显示详细的版本信息。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-d</code></td><td align="left">开启 debug 模式。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-db</code></td><td align="left">禁用后台模式和多进程模式。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-dM [&lt;byte&gt;]</code></td><td align="left">执行分配内存。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-V</code></td><td align="left">启动过程显示配置和轮询信息。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-D</code></td><td align="left">开启守护进程模式。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-C &lt;dir&gt;</code></td><td align="left">在加载配置文件之前更改目录位置至 <code>&lt;dir&gt;</code>。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-W</code></td><td align="left">主从模式。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-q</code></td><td align="left">静默模式，不输出信息。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-c</code></td><td align="left">只检查配置文件并在尝试绑定之前退出。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-n &lt;limit&gt;</code></td><td align="left">设置每个进程的最大总连接数为 <code>&lt;limit&gt;</code>。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-m &lt;limit&gt;</code></td><td align="left">设置所有进程的最大可用内存为 <code>&lt;limit&gt;</code>（单位：MB）。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-N &lt;limit&gt;</code></td><td align="left">设置单点最大连接数为 <code>&lt;limit&gt;</code>，默认为 2000。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-L &lt;name&gt;</code></td><td align="left">将本地实例对等名称改为 <code>&lt;name&gt;</code>，默认为本地主机名。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-p &lt;file&gt;</code></td><td align="left">将 HAProxy 所有子进程的 PID 信息写入 <code>&lt;file&gt;</code>。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-de</code></td><td align="left">禁止使用 epoll(7)，epoll(7) 仅在 Linux 2.6 和某些定制的 Linux 2.4 系统上可用。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-dp</code></td><td align="left">禁止使用 epoll(2)，可改用 select(2)。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-dS</code></td><td align="left">禁止使用 splice(2)，splice(2) 在一些旧版 Linux 内核上不可用。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-dR</code></td><td align="left">禁止使用 SO_REUSEPORT。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-dr</code></td><td align="left">忽略服务器地址解析失败。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-dV</code></td><td align="left">禁止在服务器端使用 SSL。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-sf &lt;pidlist&gt;</code></td><td align="left">启动后，向 pidlist 中的 PID 发送 <code>finish</code> 信号，收到此信号的进程在退出之前将等待所有会话完成，即优雅停止服务。此选项必须最后指定，后跟任意数量的 PID。从技术上讲，SIGTTOU 和 SIGUSR1 都被发送。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-st &lt;pidlist&gt;</code></td><td align="left">启动后，向 pidlist 中的 PID 发送 <code>terminate</code> 信号，收到此信号的进程将立即终止，关闭所有活动会话。此选项必须最后指定，后跟任意数量的 PID。从技术上讲，SIGTTOU 和 SIGTERM 都被发送。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-x &lt;unix_socket&gt;</code></td><td align="left">连接指定的 socket 并从旧进程中获取所有 listening socket，然后，使用这些 socket 而不是绑定新的。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-S &lt;bind&gt;[,&lt;bind_options&gt;...]</code></td><td align="left">主从模式下，创建绑定到主进程的 socket，此 socket 可访问每个子进程的 socket。</td></tr></tbody></table><p>更多有关 HAProxy 命令参数的信息，可参阅 <a href="http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/2.6/management.html" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">Management Guide of HAProxy</a> 和 <a href="https://manpages.debian.org/buster-backports/haproxy/haproxy.1.en.html" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">General Commands Manual of HAProxy</a>。</p><h3 id="配置-haproxy" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE-haproxy" aria-label="配置 haproxy permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>配置 HAProxy</h3><p>yum 安装过程中会生成配置模版，你也可以根据实际场景自定义配置如下配置项。</p><pre><code class="language-yaml">global # 全局配置。 log 127.0.0.1 local2 # 定义全局的 syslog 服务器，最多可以定义两个。 chroot /var/lib/haproxy # 更改当前目录并为启动进程设置超级用户权限，从而提高安全性。 pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid # 将 HAProxy 进程的 PID 写入 pidfile。 maxconn 4096 # 单个 HAProxy 进程可接受的最大并发连接数，等价于命令行参数 "-n"。 nbthread 48 # 最大线程数。线程数的上限与 CPU 数量相同。 user haproxy # 同 UID 参数。 group haproxy # 同 GID 参数，建议使用专用用户组。 daemon # 让 HAProxy 以守护进程的方式工作于后台，等同于命令行参数“-D”的功能。当然，也可以在命令行中用“-db”参数将其禁用。 stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats # 统计信息保存位置。 defaults # 默认配置。 log global # 日志继承全局配置段的设置。 retries 2 # 向上游服务器尝试连接的最大次数，超过此值便认为后端服务器不可用。 timeout connect 2s # HAProxy 与后端服务器连接超时时间。如果在同一个局域网内，可设置成较短的时间。 timeout client 30000s # 客户端与 HAProxy 连接后，数据传输完毕，即非活动连接的超时时间。 timeout server 30000s # 服务器端非活动连接的超时时间。 listen admin_stats # frontend 和 backend 的组合体，此监控组的名称可按需进行自定义。 bind 0.0.0.0:8080 # 监听端口。 mode http # 监控运行的模式，此处为 `http` 模式。 option httplog # 开始启用记录 HTTP 请求的日志功能。 maxconn 10 # 最大并发连接数。 stats refresh 30s # 每隔 30 秒自动刷新监控页面。 stats uri /haproxy # 监控页面的 URL。 stats realm HAProxy # 监控页面的提示信息。 stats auth admin:pingcap123 # 监控页面的用户和密码，可设置多个用户名。 stats hide-version # 隐藏监控页面上的 HAProxy 版本信息。 stats admin if TRUE # 手工启用或禁用后端服务器（HAProxy 1.4.9 及之后版本开始支持）。 listen tidb-cluster # 配置 database 负载均衡。 bind 0.0.0.0:3390 # 浮动 IP 和监听端口。 mode tcp # HAProxy 要使用第 4 层的传输层。 balance leastconn # 连接数最少的服务器优先接收连接。`leastconn` 建议用于长会话服务，例如 LDAP、SQL、TSE 等，而不是短会话协议，如 HTTP。该算法是动态的，对于启动慢的服务器，服务器权重会在运行中作调整。 server tidb-1 10.9.18.229:4000 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3 # 检测 4000 端口，检测频率为每 2000 毫秒一次。如果 2 次检测为成功，则认为服务器可用；如果 3 次检测为失败，则认为服务器不可用。 server tidb-2 10.9.39.208:4000 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3 server tidb-3 10.9.64.166:4000 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3 </code></pre><p>如要通过 <code>SHOW PROCESSLIST</code> 查看连接来源 IP，需要配置使用 <a href="https://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/proxy-protocol.txt" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">PROXY 协议</a>连接 TiDB。</p><pre><code class="language-yaml"> server tidb-1 10.9.18.229:4000 send-proxy check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3