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.MuiTreeItem-iconContainer{margin-right:4px;width:15px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;}.css-khel7y .MuiTreeItem-iconContainer svg{font-size:18px;}.css-khel7y .MuiTreeItem-label{width:100%;min-width:0;padding-left:4px;position:relative;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;}</style><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><style data-emotion="css znl8a3">.css-znl8a3{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;min-height:1.75rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:0rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="css-znl8a3"><style data-emotion="css tx8jsd">.css-tx8jsd{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd" target="_blank" href="https://docs.pingcap.com/zh" style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit"><style data-emotion="css 8atqhb">.css-8atqhb{width:100%;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><style data-emotion="css 1hwyipb">.css-1hwyipb{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;color:inherit;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">文档中心</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-1" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">关于 TiDB</div></div><style data-emotion="css xjq79n">.css-xjq79n{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;fill:#999999;height:1rem;width:1rem;margin-left:auto;-webkit-transform:none;-moz-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1jozaee">.css-1jozaee{margin:0;padding:0;margin-left:17px;}</style></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-2" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">快速上手</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="true" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content Mui-expanded" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">应用开发</div></div><style data-emotion="css 171pefp">.css-171pefp{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;fill:#999999;height:1rem;width:1rem;margin-left:auto;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);-moz-transform:rotate(90deg);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg);}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-171pefp" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1xxsnna">.css-1xxsnna{height:auto;overflow:visible;-webkit-transition:height 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:height 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;margin:0;padding:0;margin-left:17px;}</style><ul class="MuiCollapse-root MuiCollapse-vertical MuiTreeItem-group MuiCollapse-entered css-1xxsnna" style="min-height:0px" role="group"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapper MuiCollapse-vertical css-hboir5"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapperInner MuiCollapse-vertical css-8atqhb"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-0" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><style data-emotion="css kb2j4b">.css-kb2j4b{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;min-height:1.75rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:0.5rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="css-kb2j4b"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/dev-guide-overview"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">概览</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-1" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">快速开始</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-2" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">示例程序</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-3" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">连接到 TiDB</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据库模式设计</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="true" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-5" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content Mui-expanded" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据写入</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-171pefp" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div><ul class="MuiCollapse-root MuiCollapse-vertical MuiTreeItem-group MuiCollapse-entered css-1xxsnna" style="min-height:0px" role="group"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapper MuiCollapse-vertical css-hboir5"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapperInner MuiCollapse-vertical css-8atqhb"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-5-0" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><style data-emotion="css snygwd">.css-snygwd{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;min-height:1.75rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:1rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/dev-guide-insert-data"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">插入数据</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-5-1" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content Mui-expanded" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a aria-current="page" style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" class="" href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/dev-guide-update-data"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">更新数据</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-5-2" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/dev-guide-delete-data"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">删除数据</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-5-3" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/time-to-live"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">使用 TTL (Time to Live) 定期删除过期数据</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-5-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/dev-guide-prepared-statement"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">预处理语句</div></div></a></div></div></div></li></div></div></ul></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-6" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据读取</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-7" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">事务</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">优化 SQL 性能</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-9" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">故障诊断</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-10" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">引用文档</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-11" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">云原生开发环境</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-12" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">第三方工具支持</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li></div></div></ul></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">部署标准集群</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-5" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据迁移</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-6" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据集成</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-7" tabindex="-1" 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class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">版本发布历史</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-16" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/glossary"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 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(min-width:0px){.css-vofosd{width:100%;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-vofosd{width:calc(100% - 17.5rem);}}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-vofosd"><style data-emotion="css 1ekb41w">.css-1ekb41w{width:100%;margin-left:auto;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:auto;display:block;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1ekb41w{padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px;}}@media (min-width:1536px){.css-1ekb41w{max-width:1536px;}}</style><div class="MuiContainer-root MuiContainer-maxWidthXl doc-content css-1ekb41w"><div class="markdown-body MuiBox-root css-0"><style data-emotion="css 1weqspv">.css-1weqspv{padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;}.css-1weqspv .MuiAlert-message p{margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:0px;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1weqspv"><style data-emotion="css 17zlexa">.css-17zlexa{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:rgb(1, 67, 97);background-color:rgb(229, 246, 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0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:22px;opacity:0.9;}</style><div class="MuiAlert-icon css-1l54tgj"><style data-emotion="css 1cw4hi4">.css-1cw4hi4{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:inherit;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="InfoOutlinedIcon"><path d="M11,9H13V7H11M12,20C7.59,20 4,16.41 4,12C4,7.59 7.59,4 12,4C16.41,4 20,7.59 20, 12C20,16.41 16.41,20 12,20M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10, 10 0 0,0 12,2M11,17H13V11H11V17Z"/></svg></div><style data-emotion="css 1xsto0d">.css-1xsto0d{padding:8px 0;min-width:0;overflow:auto;}</style><div class="MuiAlert-message css-1xsto0d"><style data-emotion="css 1h2y6o4">.css-1h2y6o4{font-weight:500;margin-top:-2px;}</style><style data-emotion="css 17ioyuk">.css-17ioyuk{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;margin-bottom:0.35em;font-weight:500;margin-top:-2px;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiTypography-gutterBottom MuiAlertTitle-root css-17ioyuk">重要</div><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd">你正在查看 TiDB v7.0 (<a hreflang="zh" href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/versioning">DMR</a>) 的文档。PingCAP 不提供基于 v7.0 的 bug 修复版本，如有 bug，会在后续版本中修复。如无特殊需求，建议使用 TiDB 数据库的<a hreflang="zh" href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-update-data">最新 LTS 版本</a>。</p></div></div></div><h1 id="更新数据" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" aria-label="更新数据 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>更新数据</h1><p>此页面将展示以下 SQL 语句，配合各种编程语言 TiDB 中的数据进行更新：</p><ul><li><a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/sql-statement-update">UPDATE</a>: 用于修改指定表中的数据。</li><li><a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/sql-statement-insert">INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE</a>: 用于插入数据，在有主键或唯一键冲突时，更新此数据。注意，<strong><em>不建议</em></strong>在有多个唯一键(包含主键)的情况下使用此语句。这是因为此语句在检测到任何唯一键(包括主键) 冲突时，将更新数据。在不止匹配到一行冲突时，将只会更新一行数据。</li></ul><h2 id="在开始之前" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%9C%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E4%B9%8B%E5%89%8D" aria-label="在开始之前 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>在开始之前</h2><p>在阅读本页面之前，你需要准备以下事项：</p><ul><li><a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/dev-guide-build-cluster-in-cloud">使用 TiDB Cloud (Serverless Tier) 构建 TiDB 集群</a></li><li>阅读<a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/dev-guide-schema-design-overview">数据库模式概览</a>，并<a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/dev-guide-create-database">创建数据库</a>、<a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/dev-guide-create-table">创建表</a>、<a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/dev-guide-create-secondary-indexes">创建二级索引</a></li><li>若需使用 <code>UPDATE</code> 语句更新数据，需先<a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/dev-guide-insert-data">插入数据</a></li></ul><h2 id="使用-update" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-update" aria-label="使用 update permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>使用 <code>UPDATE</code></h2><p>需更新表中的现有行，需要使用带有 WHERE 子句的 <a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/sql-statement-update">UPDATE 语句</a>，即需要过滤列进行更新。</p><div class="MuiBox-root css-1weqspv"><div class="MuiPaper-root MuiPaper-elevation MuiPaper-rounded MuiPaper-elevation0 MuiAlert-root MuiAlert-standardInfo MuiAlert-standard css-152gid5" role="alert"><div class="MuiAlert-icon css-1l54tgj"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="InfoOutlinedIcon"><path d="M11,9H13V7H11M12,20C7.59,20 4,16.41 4,12C4,7.59 7.59,4 12,4C16.41,4 20,7.59 20, 12C20,16.41 16.41,20 12,20M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10, 10 0 0,0 12,2M11,17H13V11H11V17Z"/></svg></div><div class="MuiAlert-message css-1xsto0d"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiTypography-gutterBottom MuiAlertTitle-root css-17ioyuk">注意</div><p>如果您需要更新大量的行，比如数万甚至更多行，那么建议不要一次性进行完整的更新，而是每次迭代更新一部分，直到所有行全部更新。您可以编写脚本或程序，使用循环完成此操作。您可参考<a href="#%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8F%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0">批量更新</a>获得指引。</p></div></div></div><h3 id="sql-语法" style="position:relative"><a href="#sql-%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" aria-label="sql 语法 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>SQL 语法</h3><p>在 SQL 中，<code>UPDATE</code> 语句一般为以下形式：</p><pre><code class="language-sql">UPDATE {table} SET {update_column} = {update_value} WHERE {filter_column} = {filter_value} </code></pre><table><thead><tr><th align="center">参数</th><th align="center">描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center"><code>{table}</code></td><td align="center">表名</td></tr><tr><td align="center"><code>{update_column}</code></td><td align="center">需更新的列名</td></tr><tr><td align="center"><code>{update_value}</code></td><td align="center">需更新的此列的值</td></tr><tr><td align="center"><code>{filter_column}</code></td><td align="center">匹配条件过滤器的列名</td></tr><tr><td align="center"><code>{filter_value}</code></td><td align="center">匹配条件过滤器的列值</td></tr></tbody></table><p>此处仅展示 <code>UPDATE</code> 的简单用法，详细文档可参考 TiDB 的 <a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/sql-statement-update">UPDATE 语法页</a>。</p><h3 id="update-最佳实践" style="position:relative"><a href="#update-%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%B3%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5" aria-label="update 最佳实践 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a><code>UPDATE</code> 最佳实践</h3><p>以下是更新行时需要遵循的一些最佳实践：</p><ul><li>始终在更新语句中指定 <code>WHERE</code> 子句。如果 <code>UPDATE</code> 没有 <code>WHERE</code> 子句，TiDB 将更新这个表内的<strong><em>所有行</em></strong>。</li><li>需要更新大量行(数万或更多)的时候，使用<a href="#%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8F%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0">批量更新</a>，这是因为 TiDB 单个事务大小限制为 <a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/tidb-configuration-file#txn-total-size-limit">txn-total-size-limit</a>（默认为 100MB），且一次性过多的数据更新，将导致持有锁时间过长（<a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/pessimistic-transaction">悲观事务</a>），或产生大量冲突（<a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/optimistic-transaction">乐观事务</a>）。</li></ul><h3 id="update-例子" style="position:relative"><a href="#update-%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90" aria-label="update 例子 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a><code>UPDATE</code> 例子</h3><p>假设某位作者改名为 Helen Haruki，需要更改 <a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/dev-guide-bookshop-schema-design#authors-表">authors</a> 表。假设他的唯一标识 <code>id</code> 为 1，即过滤器应为：<code>id = 1</code>。</p><ul class="simple-tab-module--tabs--tXejZ simple-tab-container"><li class="simple-tab-module--active--dcjQ4">SQL</li><li class="">Java</li></ul><div class=""><p>在 SQL 中更改作者姓名的示例为：</p><pre><code class="language-sql">UPDATE `authors` SET `name` = "Helen Haruki" WHERE `id` = 1; </code></pre></div><div class="simple-tab-module--hidden--xELDk"><p>在 Java 中更改作者姓名的示例为：</p><pre><code class="language-java">// ds is an entity of com.mysql.cj.jdbc.MysqlDataSource try (Connection connection = ds.getConnection()) { PreparedStatement pstmt = connection.prepareStatement("UPDATE `authors` SET `name` = ? WHERE `id` = ?"); pstmt.setString(1, "Helen Haruki"); pstmt.setInt(2, 1); pstmt.executeUpdate(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); </code></pre></div><h2 id="使用-insert-on-duplicate-key-update" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-insert-on-duplicate-key-update" aria-label="使用 insert on duplicate key update permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>使用 <code>INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE</code></h2><p>如果你需要将新数据插入表中，但如果有任何唯一键（主键也是一种唯一键）发生冲突，则会更新第一条冲突数据，可使用 <code>INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE ...</code> 语句进行插入或更新。</p><h3 id="sql-语法-1" style="position:relative"><a href="#sql-%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95-1" aria-label="sql 语法 1 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>SQL 语法</h3><p>在 SQL 中，<code>INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE ...</code> 语句一般为以下形式：</p><pre><code class="language-sql">INSERT INTO {table} ({columns}) VALUES ({values}) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE {update_column} = {update_value}; </code></pre><table><thead><tr><th align="center">参数</th><th align="center">描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center"><code>{table}</code></td><td align="center">表名</td></tr><tr><td align="center"><code>{columns}</code></td><td align="center">需插入的列名</td></tr><tr><td align="center"><code>{values}</code></td><td align="center">需插入的此列的值</td></tr><tr><td align="center"><code>{update_column}</code></td><td align="center">需更新的列名</td></tr><tr><td align="center"><code>{update_value}</code></td><td align="center">需更新的此列的值</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="insert-on-duplicate-key-update-最佳实践" style="position:relative"><a href="#insert-on-duplicate-key-update-%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%B3%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5" aria-label="insert on duplicate key update 最佳实践 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a><code>INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE</code> 最佳实践</h3><ul><li>在仅有一个唯一键的表上使用 <code>INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE</code>。此语句在检测到任何 <strong><em>唯一键</em></strong> (包括主键) 冲突时，将更新数据。在不止匹配到一行冲突时，将只会一行数据。因此，除非能保证仅有一行冲突，否则不建议在有多个唯一键的表中使用 <code>INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE</code> 语句。</li><li>在创建或更新的场景中使用此语句。</li></ul><h3 id="insert-on-duplicate-key-update-例子" style="position:relative"><a href="#insert-on-duplicate-key-update-%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90" aria-label="insert on duplicate key update 例子 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a><code>INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE</code> 例子</h3><p>例如，需要更新 <a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/dev-guide-bookshop-schema-design#ratings-表">ratings</a> 表来写入用户对书籍的评价，如果用户还未评价此书籍，将新建一条评价，如果用户已经评价过，那么将会更新他之前的评价。</p><p>此处主键为 <code>book_id</code> 和 <code>user_id</code> 的联合主键。<code>user_id</code> 为 1 的用户，给 <code>book_id</code> 为 1000 的书籍，打出的 5 分的评价。</p><ul class="simple-tab-module--tabs--tXejZ simple-tab-container"><li class="simple-tab-module--active--dcjQ4">SQL</li><li class="">Java</li></ul><div class=""><p>在 SQL 中更新书籍评价的示例为：</p><pre><code class="language-sql">INSERT INTO `ratings` (`book_id`, `user_id`, `score`, `rated_at`) VALUES (1000, 1, 5, NOW()) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `score` = 5, `rated_at` = NOW(); </code></pre></div><div class="simple-tab-module--hidden--xELDk"><p>在 Java 中更新书籍评价的示例为：</p><pre><code class="language-java">// ds is an entity of com.mysql.cj.jdbc.MysqlDataSource try (Connection connection = ds.getConnection()) { PreparedStatement p = connection.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO `ratings` (`book_id`, `user_id`, `score`, `rated_at`) VALUES (?, ?, ?, NOW()) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `score` = ?, `rated_at` = NOW()"); p.setInt(1, 1000); p.setInt(2, 1); p.setInt(3, 5); p.setInt(4, 5); p.executeUpdate(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); </code></pre></div><h2 id="批量更新" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8F%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0" aria-label="批量更新 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>批量更新</h2><p>需要更新表中多行的数据，可选择<a href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-update">使用 <code>UPDATE</code></a>，并使用 <code>WHERE</code> 子句过滤需要更新的数据。</p><p>但如果你需要更新大量行(数万或更多)的时候，建议使用一个迭代，每次都只更新一部分数据，直到更新全部完成。这是因为 TiDB 单个事务大小限制为 <a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/tidb-configuration-file#txn-total-size-limit">txn-total-size-limit</a>（默认为 100MB），且一次性过多的数据更新，将导致持有锁时间过长（<a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/pessimistic-transaction">悲观事务</a>），或产生大量冲突（<a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/optimistic-transaction">乐观事务</a>）。你可以在程序或脚本中使用循环来完成操作。</p><p>本页提供了编写脚本来处理循环更新的示例，该示例演示了应如何进行 <code>SELECT</code> 和 <code>UPDATE</code> 的组合，完成循环更新。</p><h3 id="编写批量更新循环" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E7%BC%96%E5%86%99%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8F%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" aria-label="编写批量更新循环 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>编写批量更新循环</h3><p>首先，你应在你的应用或脚本的循环中，编写一个 <code>SELECT</code> 查询。这个查询的返回值可以作为需要更新的行的主键。需要注意的是，定义这个 <code>SELECT</code> 查询时，需要注意使用 <code>WHERE</code> 子句过滤需要更新的行。</p><h3 id="例子" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90" aria-label="例子 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>例子</h3><p>假设在过去的一年里，用户在 <code>bookshop</code> 网站进行了大量的书籍打分，但是原本设计为 5 分制的评分导致书籍评分的区分度不够，大量书籍评分集中在 3 分附近，因此，决定将 5 分制改为 10 分制。用来增大书籍评分的区分度。</p><p>这时需要对 <code>ratings</code> 表内之前 5 分制的数据进行乘 2 操作，同时需向 <code>ratings</code> 表内添加一个新列，以指示行是否已经被更新了。使用此列，可以在 <code>SELECT</code> 中过滤掉已经更新的行，这将防止脚本崩溃时对行进行多次更新，导致不合理的数据出现。</p><p>例如，你可以创建一个名为 <code>ten_point</code>，数据类型为 <a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/data-type-numeric#boolean-类型">BOOL</a> 的列作为是否为 10 分制的标识：</p><pre><code class="language-sql">ALTER TABLE `bookshop`.`ratings` ADD COLUMN `ten_point` BOOL NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE; </code></pre><div class="MuiBox-root css-1weqspv"><div class="MuiPaper-root MuiPaper-elevation MuiPaper-rounded MuiPaper-elevation0 MuiAlert-root MuiAlert-standardInfo MuiAlert-standard css-152gid5" role="alert"><div class="MuiAlert-icon css-1l54tgj"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="InfoOutlinedIcon"><path d="M11,9H13V7H11M12,20C7.59,20 4,16.41 4,12C4,7.59 7.59,4 12,4C16.41,4 20,7.59 20, 12C20,16.41 16.41,20 12,20M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10, 10 0 0,0 12,2M11,17H13V11H11V17Z"/></svg></div><div class="MuiAlert-message css-1xsto0d"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiTypography-gutterBottom MuiAlertTitle-root css-17ioyuk">注意</div><p>此批量更新程序将使用 <strong>DDL</strong> 语句将进行数据表的模式更改。TiDB 的所有 DDL 变更操作全部都是在线进行的，可查看此处，了解此处使用的 <a href="/zh/tidb/v7.0/sql-statement-add-column">ADD COLUMN</a> 语句。</p></div></div></div><ul class="simple-tab-module--tabs--tXejZ simple-tab-container"><li class="simple-tab-module--active--dcjQ4">Golang</li><li class="">Java (JDBC)</li></ul><div class=""><p>在 Golang 中，批量更新程序类似于以下内容：</p><pre><code class="language-go">package main import ( "database/sql" "fmt" _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql" "strings" "time" func main() { db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "root:@tcp(127.0.0.1:4000)/bookshop") if err != nil { panic(err) defer db.Close() bookID, userID := updateBatch(db, true, 0, 0) fmt.Println("first time batch update success") for { time.Sleep(time.Second) bookID, userID = updateBatch(db, false, bookID, userID) fmt.Printf("batch update success, [bookID] %d, [userID] %d\n", bookID, userID) // updateBatch select at most 1000 lines data to update score func updateBatch(db *sql.DB, firstTime bool, lastBookID, lastUserID int64) (bookID, userID int64) { // select at most 1000 primary keys in five-point scale data var err error var rows *sql.Rows if firstTime { rows, err = db.Query("SELECT `book_id`, `user_id` FROM `bookshop`.`ratings` " + "WHERE `ten_point` != true ORDER BY `book_id`, `user_id` LIMIT 1000") } else { rows, err = db.Query("SELECT `book_id`, `user_id` FROM `bookshop`.`ratings` "+ "WHERE `ten_point` != true AND `book_id` &gt; ? AND `user_id` &gt; ? "+ "ORDER BY `book_id`, `user_id` LIMIT 1000", lastBookID, lastUserID) if err != nil || rows == nil { panic(fmt.Errorf("error occurred or rows nil: %+v", err)) // joint all id with a list var idList []interface{} for rows.Next() { var tempBookID, tempUserID int64 if err := rows.Scan(&amp;tempBookID, &amp;tempUserID); err != nil { panic(err) idList = append(idList, tempBookID, tempUserID) bookID, userID = tempBookID, tempUserID bulkUpdateSql := fmt.Sprintf("UPDATE `bookshop`.`ratings` SET `ten_point` = true, "+ "`score` = `score` * 2 WHERE (`book_id`, `user_id`) IN (%s)", placeHolder(len(idList))) db.Exec(bulkUpdateSql, idList...) return bookID, userID // placeHolder format SQL place holder func placeHolder(n int) string { holderList := make([]string, n/2, n/2) for i := range holderList { holderList[i] = "(?,?)" return strings.Join(holderList, ",") </code></pre><p>每次迭代中，<code>SELECT</code> 按主键顺序进行查询，最多选择 1000 行未更新到 10 分制（<code>ten_point</code> 为 <code>false</code>）数据的主键值。每次 <code>SELECT</code> 都会选择比上一次 <code>SELECT</code> 结果的最大主键还要大的数据，防止重复。然后，使用批量更新的方式，对其 <code>score</code> 列乘 2，并且将 <code>ten_point</code> 设为 <code>true</code>，更新 <code>ten_point</code> 的意义是在于防止更新程序崩溃重启后，反复更新同一行数据，导致数据损坏。每次循环中的 <code>time.Sleep(time.Second)</code> 将使得更新程序暂停 1 秒，防止批量更新程序占用过多的硬件资源。</p></div><div class="simple-tab-module--hidden--xELDk"><p>在 Java (JDBC) 中，批量更新程序类似于以下内容：</p><p><strong>Java 代码部分：</strong></p><pre><code class="language-java">package com.pingcap.bulkUpdate; import com.mysql.cj.jdbc.MysqlDataSource; import java.sql.*; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class BatchUpdateExample { static class UpdateID { private Long bookID; private Long userID; public UpdateID(Long bookID, Long userID) { this.bookID = bookID; this.userID = userID; public Long getBookID() { return bookID; public void setBookID(Long bookID) { this.bookID = bookID; public Long getUserID() { return userID; public void setUserID(Long userID) { this.userID = userID; @Override public String toString() { return "[bookID] " + bookID + ", [userID] " + userID ; public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { // Configure the example database connection. // Create a mysql data source instance. MysqlDataSource mysqlDataSource = new MysqlDataSource(); // Set server name, port, database name, username and password. mysqlDataSource.setServerName("localhost"); mysqlDataSource.setPortNumber(4000); mysqlDataSource.setDatabaseName("bookshop"); mysqlDataSource.setUser("root"); mysqlDataSource.setPassword(""); UpdateID lastID = batchUpdate(mysqlDataSource, null); System.out.println("first time batch update success"); while (true) { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); lastID = batchUpdate(mysqlDataSource, lastID); System.out.println("batch update success, [lastID] " + lastID); public static UpdateID batchUpdate (MysqlDataSource ds, UpdateID lastID) { try (Connection connection = ds.getConnection()) { UpdateID updateID = null; PreparedStatement selectPs; if (lastID == null) { selectPs = connection.prepareStatement( "SELECT `book_id`, `user_id` FROM `bookshop`.`ratings` " + "WHERE `ten_point` != true ORDER BY `book_id`, `user_id` LIMIT 1000"); } else { selectPs = connection.prepareStatement( "SELECT `book_id`, `user_id` FROM `bookshop`.`ratings` "+ "WHERE `ten_point` != true AND `book_id` &gt; ? AND `user_id` &gt; ? "+ "ORDER BY `book_id`, `user_id` LIMIT 1000"); selectPs.setLong(1, lastID.getBookID()); selectPs.setLong(2, lastID.getUserID()); List&lt;Long&gt; idList = new LinkedList&lt;&gt;(); ResultSet res = selectPs.executeQuery(); while (res.next()) { updateID = new UpdateID( res.getLong("book_id"), res.getLong("user_id") idList.add(updateID.getBookID()); idList.add(updateID.getUserID()); if (idList.isEmpty()) { System.out.println("no data should update"); return null; String updateSQL = "UPDATE `bookshop`.`ratings` SET `ten_point` = true, "+ "`score` = `score` * 2 WHERE (`book_id`, `user_id`) IN (" + placeHolder(idList.size() / 2) + ")"; PreparedStatement updatePs = connection.prepareStatement(updateSQL); for (int i = 0; i &lt; idList.size(); i++) { updatePs.setLong(i + 1, idList.get(i)); int count = updatePs.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("update " + count + " data"); return updateID; } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; public static String placeHolder(int n) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i &lt; n ; i++) { sb.append(i == 0 ? "(?,?)" : ",(?,?)"); return sb.toString(); </code></pre><p><strong><code>hibernate.cfg.xml</code> 配置部分：</strong></p><pre><code class="language-xml">&lt;?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?&gt; &lt;!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"&gt; &lt;hibernate-configuration&gt; &lt;session-factory&gt; &lt;!-- Database connection settings --&gt; &lt;property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class"&gt;com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver&lt;/property&gt; &lt;property name="hibernate.dialect"&gt;org.hibernate.dialect.TiDBDialect&lt;/property&gt; &lt;property name="hibernate.connection.url"&gt;jdbc:mysql://localhost:4000/movie&lt;/property&gt; &lt;property name="hibernate.connection.username"&gt;root&lt;/property&gt; &lt;property name="hibernate.connection.password"&gt;&lt;/property&gt; &lt;property name="hibernate.connection.autocommit"&gt;false&lt;/property&gt; &lt;property name="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size"&gt;20&lt;/property&gt;