What's New in TiDB 5.0 | PingCAP 文档中心

相关文章推荐

火星上的猴子 · SpringBoot中@Scheduled( ...· 1 年前 ·

文雅的鞭炮 · how do I close window ...· 1 年前 ·

高兴的花卷 · awk 分隔符中括号-掘金· 1 年前 ·

</noscript><noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TPX49SBK" height="0" width="0" style="display: none; visibility: hidden" aria-hidden="true"/></noscript><div id="___gatsby"><div style="outline:none" tabindex="-1" id="gatsby-focus-wrapper"><style data-emotion="css 1agcunv">.css-1agcunv{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;position:fixed;z-index:1100;top:0;left:auto;right:0;background-color:#1976d2;color:#fff;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;box-shadow:0px 1px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);height:7rem;}@media print{.css-1agcunv{}}</style><style data-emotion="css 1j47oi9">.css-1j47oi9{background-color:#fff;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87);-webkit-transition:box-shadow 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:box-shadow 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;box-shadow:0px 2px 4px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 4px 5px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 1px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;position:fixed;z-index:1100;top:0;left:auto;right:0;background-color:#1976d2;color:#fff;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;box-shadow:0px 1px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);height:7rem;}@media print{.css-1j47oi9{}}</style><header class="MuiPaper-root MuiPaper-elevation MuiPaper-elevation4 MuiAppBar-root MuiAppBar-colorPrimary MuiAppBar-positionFixed doc-site-header mui-fixed css-1j47oi9"><style data-emotion="css 1032a1q">.css-1032a1q{-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;height:2rem;background-color:#15005B;background-image:url(https://static.pingcap.com/files/2023/11/15190759/20231116-105219.png);-webkit-background-position:bottom left;background-position:bottom left;-webkit-background-size:400px auto;background-size:400px auto;background-repeat:no-repeat;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1032a1q"><style data-emotion="css 1hx48od">.css-1hx48od{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#fff;height:100%;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;}.css-1hx48od&gt;:not(style)+:not(style){margin:0;margin-left:16px;}@media (max-width:899.95px){.css-1hx48od{padding-left:8px;padding-right:8px;}}</style><a href="https://asktug.com/t/topic/1019364" target="_blank" class="css-1hx48od"><style data-emotion="css 1abzdwk">.css-1abzdwk{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.css-1abzdwk&gt;:not(style)+:not(style){margin:0;margin-left:16px;}</style><div class="css-1abzdwk"><style data-emotion="css 9lngr5">.css-9lngr5{width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;}</style><img class="MuiBox-root css-9lngr5" alt="TiDB" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"/><style data-emotion="css 1sdiwjr">.css-1sdiwjr{margin:0;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;color:inherit;}</style><span class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body2 css-1sdiwjr">2024 TiDB 文档挑战赛</span></div><style data-emotion="css 1hdswbx">.css-1hdswbx{margin:0;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;border-width:0;border-style:solid;border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);border-bottom-width:0;margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;height:auto;border-right-width:thin;-webkit-align-self:stretch;-ms-flex-item-align:stretch;align-self:stretch;display:initial;border-color:#fff;border-right-width:1.5px;height:0.875rem;-webkit-align-self:auto;-ms-flex-item-align:auto;align-self:auto;}@media (max-width:899.95px){.css-1hdswbx{;}}</style><hr class="MuiDivider-root MuiDivider-middle MuiDivider-vertical MuiDivider-flexItem css-1hdswbx"/><style data-emotion="css nwnren">.css-nwnren{margin:0;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;color:inherit;display:initial;}@media (max-width:899.95px){.css-nwnren{;}}</style><span class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body2 css-nwnren">1/9 - 1/12</span><hr class="MuiDivider-root MuiDivider-middle MuiDivider-vertical MuiDivider-flexItem css-1hdswbx"/><span class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body2 css-nwnren">提 PR 或 Issue 来赢取 Bose 耳机、机械键盘等奖品吧！</span></a></div><style data-emotion="css 1xw2ef0">.css-1xw2ef0{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;min-height:56px;height:100%;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1xw2ef0{padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px;}}@media (min-width:0px){@media (orientation: landscape){.css-1xw2ef0{min-height:48px;}}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1xw2ef0{min-height:64px;}}@media (min-width:900px){.css-1xw2ef0{padding-left:2rem;padding-right:2rem;}}</style><div class="MuiToolbar-root MuiToolbar-gutters MuiToolbar-regular css-1xw2ef0"><style data-emotion="css 16bbyrv">.css-16bbyrv{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;}.css-16bbyrv:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-16bbyrv:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-16bbyrv.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-16bbyrv{;}}</style><style data-emotion="css iuftj9">.css-iuftj9{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;}.css-iuftj9::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-iuftj9.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-iuftj9{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-iuftj9:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-iuftj9:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-iuftj9.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-iuftj9{;}}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-iuftj9" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="menu"><style data-emotion="css vubbuv">.css-vubbuv{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="MenuIcon"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"/></svg></button><style data-emotion="css a3xyjy">.css-a3xyjy{z-index:1200;}</style><style data-emotion="css 13tqxrv">@media (min-width:0px){.css-13tqxrv{;}}@media (min-width:900px){.css-13tqxrv{display:block;}}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-13tqxrv"><style data-emotion="css tx8jsd">.css-tx8jsd{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd" target="_blank" href="https://cn.pingcap.com/" style="text-decoration:none"><style data-emotion="css uz5bjn">.css-uz5bjn{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;width:6.75rem;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-uz5bjn{;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-uz5bjn{display:block;}}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-uz5bjn" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 769.89 203.08"><g id="Layer_2" data-name="Layer 2"><g id="Layer_1-2" data-name="Layer 1"><path fill="#082265" d="M100.11,47.34l-88-25.1A9.5,9.5,0,0,0,0,31.38v162.2a9.51,9.51,0,0,0,9.48,9.5,9.35,9.35,0,0,0,2.22-.26l88-21h0a9.48,9.48,0,0,0,7.3-9.25V56.48A9.54,9.54,0,0,0,100.11,47.34Z"/><path fill="#00aeef" d="M160.05,41.57a9.55,9.55,0,0,0-6.88-9.11L41.16.37A9.5,9.5,0,0,0,29,9.51V132.59a9.47,9.47,0,0,0,11.72,9.23l112.14-27a9.47,9.47,0,0,0,7.28-9.26Z"/><path fill="#303eab" d="M100.11,47.34,29,27.07V132.59a9.47,9.47,0,0,0,11.72,9.23L107,125.88V56.48A9.54,9.54,0,0,0,100.11,47.34Z"/><path fill="#082265" d="M576.1,126.26h0l-.23.37a40.12,40.12,0,0,1-13.72,13.09,36.62,36.62,0,0,1-18.78,5.43c-10.94,0-20.51-4.36-28.42-13a43.82,43.82,0,0,1-11.37-31,43.09,43.09,0,0,1,11.74-29.38c7.62-8.17,16.81-12.31,27.3-12.31,14.37-.13,25.2,5.8,33.13,18.13L576,78h.22l9.33-5.77a51.65,51.65,0,0,0-15.42-16.39,48.17,48.17,0,0,0-26.73-8.09A46.85,46.85,0,0,0,507.66,63c-9.94,10.23-15,23.28-15,38.77,0,15,5,28.08,14.84,38.9,9.81,10.64,21.69,16,35.33,16h.51c17.92-.37,32.69-9.06,42.11-24.6Z"/><polygon fill="#082265" points="645.84 49.09 633.16 49.09 586.01 154.63 601.05 154.63 615.63 119.55 615.65 119.55 620.8 108.59 620.78 108.59 639.76 64.05 658.36 108.59 631.66 108.59 626.79 119.55 662.69 119.55 677.4 154.63 690.66 154.63 645.84 49.09"/><path fill="#082265" d="M759.63,58.75c-7-6.32-15.81-9.52-26.18-9.52H699.3v105.4h12.44V113.34h0V102.25h0V60.59H734a24.73,24.73,0,0,1,16.22,5.63,18.12,18.12,0,0,1,7.37,14c.39,6.62-1.77,11.88-6.61,16.07a23.43,23.43,0,0,1-16.31,6H721.77v11.09h14.91a33.34,33.34,0,0,0,23.23-8.85,29,29,0,0,0,10-21.91C770,72.89,766.58,64.87,759.63,58.75Z"/><rect fill="#082265" x="296.25" y="51.17" width="12.44" height="12.44"/><rect fill="#082265" x="296.25" y="79.04" width="12.44" height="75.74"/><path fill="#082265" d="M483.63,147.21V114.69a38.6,38.6,0,0,0-12.25-29.2c-8.22-8.22-18.1-12.27-29.35-12a39.17,39.17,0,0,0-27.82,12.54,40.08,40.08,0,0,0-11.29,28.49,41,41,0,0,0,12.24,29.59c8.19,8.18,18,12.12,29.22,11.71a38.78,38.78,0,0,0,27.48-12.33v5.17m0,0c0,6.88-2.73,12.89-8.11,17.88a27.1,27.1,0,0,1-19,7.73,27.83,27.83,0,0,1-16.93-5.64,25.92,25.92,0,0,1-9-10.54l-9.52,5.5a36.63,36.63,0,0,0,9.94,12c6.6,5.25,14.75,8.13,24.23,8.54.59,0,1.18,0,1.77,0a40.89,40.89,0,0,0,26-9.25c8.17-6.52,12.32-14.86,12.32-24.8v-2.95m-12-31.74a29.23,29.23,0,0,1-8.41,20.22,25.68,25.68,0,0,1-19.5,8.38,27.3,27.3,0,0,1-20.2-8.39,28.22,28.22,0,0,1-8.66-20.34,28.66,28.66,0,0,1,7.88-20.61,27.21,27.21,0,0,1,19.53-9.45c.51,0,1,0,1.5,0,7.61,0,14,2.85,19.45,8.69A28.51,28.51,0,0,1,471.59,115.47Z"/><path fill="#082265" d="M274.1,58.75c-7-6.32-15.81-9.52-26.19-9.52H213.76v105.4h12.45V113.34h0V102.25h0V60.59h22.24a24.73,24.73,0,0,1,16.23,5.63,18.12,18.12,0,0,1,7.37,14c.39,6.62-1.77,11.88-6.61,16.07a23.43,23.43,0,0,1-16.31,6H236.24v11.09h14.91a33.34,33.34,0,0,0,23.23-8.85,29,29,0,0,0,10-21.91C284.5,72.89,281.05,64.87,274.1,58.75Z"/><path fill="#082265" d="M357.54,74.41c-9.92,0-18.3,3.43-24.94,10.2s-9.91,15.24-9.91,25.33v44.53h12V108.86a21.82,21.82,0,0,1,6.75-16.1A22.08,22.08,0,0,1,357.54,86a21.49,21.49,0,0,1,15.82,6.75,21.86,21.86,0,0,1,6.89,16.1v45.61h12V109.94c0-10.09-3.34-18.61-9.92-25.33A33.47,33.47,0,0,0,357.54,74.41Z"/></g></g></svg></a></div><style data-emotion="css 5qlh60">.css-5qlh60{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;padding-left:2rem;height:100%;}.css-5qlh60&gt;:not(style)+:not(style){margin:0;margin-left:24px;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-5qlh60{;}}@media (min-width:900px){.css-5qlh60{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}}</style><div class="css-5qlh60"><style data-emotion="css kiou0g">.css-kiou0g{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-kiou0g"><a style="text-decoration:none" hreflang="zh" href="/zh/"><style data-emotion="css 2jgwiy">.css-2jgwiy{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;color:#282a36;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Helvetica,Arial,"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji";display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:4px;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-2jgwiy">文档中心</div></a></div><div class="MuiBox-root css-kiou0g"><a style="text-decoration:none" hreflang="zh" href="/zh/tidb/stable"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-2jgwiy">TiDB</div></a></div><div class="MuiBox-root css-kiou0g"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd" target="_blank" href="https://asktug.com/" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-2jgwiy">社区</div></a></div><div class="MuiBox-root css-kiou0g"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd" target="_blank" href="https://cn.pingcap.com/contact/" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-2jgwiy">联系我们</div></a></div><div class="MuiBox-root css-kiou0g"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd" target="_blank" href="https://cn.pingcap.com/product/#SelectProduct" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-2jgwiy"><style data-emotion="css xnd31y">.css-xnd31y{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:inherit;padding-top:0.5rem;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-xnd31y" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="DownloadIcon"><path d="M5 20h14v-2H5v2zM19 9h-4V3H9v6H5l7 7 7-7z"/></svg></div></a></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1vn3uc0">.css-1vn3uc0{color:#282a36;}@media (min-width:900px){.css-1vn3uc0{;}}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1vn3uc0"><style data-emotion="css btg76o">.css-btg76o{text-transform:none;font-family:-apple-system,"Poppins","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif,"Noto Sans","Fira Code","IBM Plex Sans","sans-serif";font-weight:500;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.75;min-width:64px;padding:6px 8px;border-radius:4px;-webkit-transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;color:inherit;border-color:currentColor;box-shadow:none;}.css-btg76o:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-btg76o:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-btg76o.Mui-disabled{color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}.css-btg76o:hover{box-shadow:none;}.css-btg76o.Mui-focusVisible{box-shadow:none;}.css-btg76o:active{box-shadow:none;}.css-btg76o.Mui-disabled{box-shadow:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css 1ei260h">.css-1ei260h{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-transform:none;font-family:-apple-system,"Poppins","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif,"Noto Sans","Fira Code","IBM Plex Sans","sans-serif";font-weight:500;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.75;min-width:64px;padding:6px 8px;border-radius:4px;-webkit-transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;color:inherit;border-color:currentColor;box-shadow:none;}.css-1ei260h::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-1ei260h.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-1ei260h{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-1ei260h:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-1ei260h:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1ei260h.Mui-disabled{color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}.css-1ei260h:hover{box-shadow:none;}.css-1ei260h.Mui-focusVisible{box-shadow:none;}.css-1ei260h:active{box-shadow:none;}.css-1ei260h.Mui-disabled{box-shadow:none;}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-text MuiButton-textInherit MuiButton-sizeMedium MuiButton-textSizeMedium MuiButton-colorInherit MuiButton-disableElevation css-1ei260h" tabindex="0" type="button" id="header-nav-items" aria-haspopup="true"><style data-emotion="css 6xugel">.css-6xugel{display:inherit;margin-right:8px;margin-left:-4px;}.css-6xugel&gt;*:nth-of-type(1){font-size:20px;}</style><span class="MuiButton-startIcon MuiButton-iconSizeMedium css-6xugel"><style data-emotion="css 1x9zct">.css-1x9zct{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;width:6.75rem;height:1.5rem;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-1x9zct" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 769.89 203.08"><g id="Layer_2" data-name="Layer 2"><g id="Layer_1-2" data-name="Layer 1"><path fill="#082265" d="M100.11,47.34l-88-25.1A9.5,9.5,0,0,0,0,31.38v162.2a9.51,9.51,0,0,0,9.48,9.5,9.35,9.35,0,0,0,2.22-.26l88-21h0a9.48,9.48,0,0,0,7.3-9.25V56.48A9.54,9.54,0,0,0,100.11,47.34Z"/><path fill="#00aeef" d="M160.05,41.57a9.55,9.55,0,0,0-6.88-9.11L41.16.37A9.5,9.5,0,0,0,29,9.51V132.59a9.47,9.47,0,0,0,11.72,9.23l112.14-27a9.47,9.47,0,0,0,7.28-9.26Z"/><path fill="#303eab" d="M100.11,47.34,29,27.07V132.59a9.47,9.47,0,0,0,11.72,9.23L107,125.88V56.48A9.54,9.54,0,0,0,100.11,47.34Z"/><path fill="#082265" d="M576.1,126.26h0l-.23.37a40.12,40.12,0,0,1-13.72,13.09,36.62,36.62,0,0,1-18.78,5.43c-10.94,0-20.51-4.36-28.42-13a43.82,43.82,0,0,1-11.37-31,43.09,43.09,0,0,1,11.74-29.38c7.62-8.17,16.81-12.31,27.3-12.31,14.37-.13,25.2,5.8,33.13,18.13L576,78h.22l9.33-5.77a51.65,51.65,0,0,0-15.42-16.39,48.17,48.17,0,0,0-26.73-8.09A46.85,46.85,0,0,0,507.66,63c-9.94,10.23-15,23.28-15,38.77,0,15,5,28.08,14.84,38.9,9.81,10.64,21.69,16,35.33,16h.51c17.92-.37,32.69-9.06,42.11-24.6Z"/><polygon fill="#082265" points="645.84 49.09 633.16 49.09 586.01 154.63 601.05 154.63 615.63 119.55 615.65 119.55 620.8 108.59 620.78 108.59 639.76 64.05 658.36 108.59 631.66 108.59 626.79 119.55 662.69 119.55 677.4 154.63 690.66 154.63 645.84 49.09"/><path fill="#082265" d="M759.63,58.75c-7-6.32-15.81-9.52-26.18-9.52H699.3v105.4h12.44V113.34h0V102.25h0V60.59H734a24.73,24.73,0,0,1,16.22,5.63,18.12,18.12,0,0,1,7.37,14c.39,6.62-1.77,11.88-6.61,16.07a23.43,23.43,0,0,1-16.31,6H721.77v11.09h14.91a33.34,33.34,0,0,0,23.23-8.85,29,29,0,0,0,10-21.91C770,72.89,766.58,64.87,759.63,58.75Z"/><rect fill="#082265" x="296.25" y="51.17" width="12.44" height="12.44"/><rect fill="#082265" x="296.25" y="79.04" width="12.44" height="75.74"/><path fill="#082265" d="M483.63,147.21V114.69a38.6,38.6,0,0,0-12.25-29.2c-8.22-8.22-18.1-12.27-29.35-12a39.17,39.17,0,0,0-27.82,12.54,40.08,40.08,0,0,0-11.29,28.49,41,41,0,0,0,12.24,29.59c8.19,8.18,18,12.12,29.22,11.71a38.78,38.78,0,0,0,27.48-12.33v5.17m0,0c0,6.88-2.73,12.89-8.11,17.88a27.1,27.1,0,0,1-19,7.73,27.83,27.83,0,0,1-16.93-5.64,25.92,25.92,0,0,1-9-10.54l-9.52,5.5a36.63,36.63,0,0,0,9.94,12c6.6,5.25,14.75,8.13,24.23,8.54.59,0,1.18,0,1.77,0a40.89,40.89,0,0,0,26-9.25c8.17-6.52,12.32-14.86,12.32-24.8v-2.95m-12-31.74a29.23,29.23,0,0,1-8.41,20.22,25.68,25.68,0,0,1-19.5,8.38,27.3,27.3,0,0,1-20.2-8.39,28.22,28.22,0,0,1-8.66-20.34,28.66,28.66,0,0,1,7.88-20.61,27.21,27.21,0,0,1,19.53-9.45c.51,0,1,0,1.5,0,7.61,0,14,2.85,19.45,8.69A28.51,28.51,0,0,1,471.59,115.47Z"/><path fill="#082265" d="M274.1,58.75c-7-6.32-15.81-9.52-26.19-9.52H213.76v105.4h12.45V113.34h0V102.25h0V60.59h22.24a24.73,24.73,0,0,1,16.23,5.63,18.12,18.12,0,0,1,7.37,14c.39,6.62-1.77,11.88-6.61,16.07a23.43,23.43,0,0,1-16.31,6H236.24v11.09h14.91a33.34,33.34,0,0,0,23.23-8.85,29,29,0,0,0,10-21.91C284.5,72.89,281.05,64.87,274.1,58.75Z"/><path fill="#082265" d="M357.54,74.41c-9.92,0-18.3,3.43-24.94,10.2s-9.91,15.24-9.91,25.33v44.53h12V108.86a21.82,21.82,0,0,1,6.75-16.1A22.08,22.08,0,0,1,357.54,86a21.49,21.49,0,0,1,15.82,6.75,21.86,21.86,0,0,1,6.89,16.1v45.61h12V109.94c0-10.09-3.34-18.61-9.92-25.33A33.47,33.47,0,0,0,357.54,74.41Z"/></g></g></svg></span><style data-emotion="css 1n4a93h">.css-1n4a93h{display:inherit;margin-right:-4px;margin-left:8px;}.css-1n4a93h&gt;*:nth-of-type(1){font-size:20px;}</style><span class="MuiButton-endIcon MuiButton-iconSizeMedium css-1n4a93h"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="KeyboardArrowDownIcon"><path d="M7.41 8.59 12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"/></svg></span></button></div><style data-emotion="css jnv64h">.css-jnv64h{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;margin-left:auto;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-jnv64h&gt;:not(style)+:not(style){margin:0;margin-left:8px;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-jnv64h&gt;:not(style)+:not(style){margin:0;margin-left:24px;}}</style><div class="css-jnv64h"><style data-emotion="css 1qlh2t1">.css-1qlh2t1{color:#282a36;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qlh2t1"><style data-emotion="css 1mvsusm">.css-1mvsusm{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;color:inherit;}.css-1mvsusm:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-1mvsusm:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1mvsusm.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-1mvsusm{;}}</style><style data-emotion="css jwr93t">.css-jwr93t{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;color:inherit;}.css-jwr93t::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-jwr93t.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-jwr93t{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-jwr93t:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-jwr93t:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-jwr93t.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-jwr93t{;}}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-jwr93t" tabindex="0" type="button"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="LanguageIcon"><path d="M11.99 2C6.47 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.47 10 9.99 10C17.52 22 22 17.52 22 12S17.52 2 11.99 2zm6.93 6h-2.95c-.32-1.25-.78-2.45-1.38-3.56 1.84.63 3.37 1.91 4.33 3.56zM12 4.04c.83 1.2 1.48 2.53 1.91 3.96h-3.82c.43-1.43 1.08-2.76 1.91-3.96zM4.26 14C4.1 13.36 4 12.69 4 12s.1-1.36.26-2h3.38c-.08.66-.14 1.32-.14 2 0 .68.06 1.34.14 2H4.26zm.82 2h2.95c.32 1.25.78 2.45 1.38 3.56-1.84-.63-3.37-1.9-4.33-3.56zm2.95-8H5.08c.96-1.66 2.49-2.93 4.33-3.56C8.81 5.55 8.35 6.75 8.03 8zM12 19.96c-.83-1.2-1.48-2.53-1.91-3.96h3.82c-.43 1.43-1.08 2.76-1.91 3.96zM14.34 14H9.66c-.09-.66-.16-1.32-.16-2 0-.68.07-1.35.16-2h4.68c.09.65.16 1.32.16 2 0 .68-.07 1.34-.16 2zm.25 5.56c.6-1.11 1.06-2.31 1.38-3.56h2.95c-.96 1.65-2.49 2.93-4.33 3.56zM16.36 14c.08-.66.14-1.32.14-2 0-.68-.06-1.34-.14-2h3.38c.16.64.26 1.31.26 2s-.1 1.36-.26 2h-3.38z"/></svg></button><style data-emotion="css t5gsfy">.css-t5gsfy{text-transform:none;font-family:-apple-system,"Poppins","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif,"Noto Sans","Fira Code","IBM Plex Sans","sans-serif";font-weight:500;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.75;min-width:64px;padding:6px 8px;border-radius:4px;-webkit-transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;color:inherit;border-color:currentColor;box-shadow:none;}.css-t5gsfy:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-t5gsfy:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-t5gsfy.Mui-disabled{color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}.css-t5gsfy:hover{box-shadow:none;}.css-t5gsfy.Mui-focusVisible{box-shadow:none;}.css-t5gsfy:active{box-shadow:none;}.css-t5gsfy.Mui-disabled{box-shadow:none;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-t5gsfy{;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-t5gsfy{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;}}</style><style data-emotion="css 1csz7wa">.css-1csz7wa{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-transform:none;font-family:-apple-system,"Poppins","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif,"Noto Sans","Fira Code","IBM Plex Sans","sans-serif";font-weight:500;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.75;min-width:64px;padding:6px 8px;border-radius:4px;-webkit-transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;color:inherit;border-color:currentColor;box-shadow:none;}.css-1csz7wa::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-1csz7wa.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-1csz7wa{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-1csz7wa:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-1csz7wa:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1csz7wa.Mui-disabled{color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}.css-1csz7wa:hover{box-shadow:none;}.css-1csz7wa.Mui-focusVisible{box-shadow:none;}.css-1csz7wa:active{box-shadow:none;}.css-1csz7wa.Mui-disabled{box-shadow:none;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-1csz7wa{;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-1csz7wa{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;}}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-text MuiButton-textInherit MuiButton-sizeMedium MuiButton-textSizeMedium MuiButton-colorInherit MuiButton-disableElevation css-1csz7wa" tabindex="0" type="button" id="header-lang-switch" aria-haspopup="true"><span class="MuiButton-startIcon MuiButton-iconSizeMedium css-6xugel"><style data-emotion="css 1slalk2">.css-1slalk2{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;fill:#282a36;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-1slalk2" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="LanguageIcon"><path d="M11.99 2C6.47 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.47 10 9.99 10C17.52 22 22 17.52 22 12S17.52 2 11.99 2zm6.93 6h-2.95c-.32-1.25-.78-2.45-1.38-3.56 1.84.63 3.37 1.91 4.33 3.56zM12 4.04c.83 1.2 1.48 2.53 1.91 3.96h-3.82c.43-1.43 1.08-2.76 1.91-3.96zM4.26 14C4.1 13.36 4 12.69 4 12s.1-1.36.26-2h3.38c-.08.66-.14 1.32-.14 2 0 .68.06 1.34.14 2H4.26zm.82 2h2.95c.32 1.25.78 2.45 1.38 3.56-1.84-.63-3.37-1.9-4.33-3.56zm2.95-8H5.08c.96-1.66 2.49-2.93 4.33-3.56C8.81 5.55 8.35 6.75 8.03 8zM12 19.96c-.83-1.2-1.48-2.53-1.91-3.96h3.82c-.43 1.43-1.08 2.76-1.91 3.96zM14.34 14H9.66c-.09-.66-.16-1.32-.16-2 0-.68.07-1.35.16-2h4.68c.09.65.16 1.32.16 2 0 .68-.07 1.34-.16 2zm.25 5.56c.6-1.11 1.06-2.31 1.38-3.56h2.95c-.96 1.65-2.49 2.93-4.33 3.56zM16.36 14c.08-.66.14-1.32.14-2 0-.68-.06-1.34-.14-2h3.38c.16.64.26 1.31.26 2s-.1 1.36-.26 2h-3.38z"/></svg></span><style data-emotion="css 15r93eu">.css-15r93eu{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;color:inherit;}</style><span class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-15r93eu">语言</span><span class="MuiButton-endIcon MuiButton-iconSizeMedium css-1n4a93h"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-1slalk2" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="KeyboardArrowDownIcon"><path d="M7.41 8.59 12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"/></svg></span></button></div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-iuftj9" tabindex="0" type="button"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="SearchIcon"><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"/></svg></button><style data-emotion="css ahtg4s">.css-ahtg4s{max-width:13rem;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-ahtg4s{;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-ahtg4s{display:block;}}</style><form class="MuiBox-root css-ahtg4s" novalidate="" autocomplete="off"><style data-emotion="css 24u6h2">.css-24u6h2 .MuiOutlinedInput-root:hover fieldset{border-color:#0ca6f2;border-width:1px;}.css-24u6h2 .MuiOutlinedInput-root.Mui-focused fieldset{border-color:#0ca6f2;border-width:1px;}</style><style data-emotion="css fzbqas">.css-fzbqas .MuiOutlinedInput-root:hover fieldset{border-color:#0ca6f2;border-width:1px;}.css-fzbqas .MuiOutlinedInput-root.Mui-focused fieldset{border-color:#0ca6f2;border-width:1px;}</style><style data-emotion="css bj7gct">.css-bj7gct{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;position:relative;min-width:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;vertical-align:top;width:100%;}.css-bj7gct .MuiOutlinedInput-root:hover fieldset{border-color:#0ca6f2;border-width:1px;}.css-bj7gct .MuiOutlinedInput-root.Mui-focused fieldset{border-color:#0ca6f2;border-width:1px;}</style><div class="MuiFormControl-root MuiFormControl-fullWidth MuiTextField-root css-bj7gct"><style data-emotion="css-global 1prfaxn">@-webkit-keyframes mui-auto-fill{from{display:block;}}@keyframes mui-auto-fill{from{display:block;}}@-webkit-keyframes mui-auto-fill-cancel{from{display:block;}}@keyframes mui-auto-fill-cancel{from{display:block;}}</style><style data-emotion="css sv5gtw">.css-sv5gtw{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.4375em;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87);box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;cursor:text;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:100%;position:relative;border-radius:4px;padding-left:14px;background:#fff;}.css-sv5gtw.Mui-disabled{color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.38);cursor:default;}.css-sv5gtw:hover .MuiOutlinedInput-notchedOutline{border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87);}@media (hover: none){.css-sv5gtw:hover .MuiOutlinedInput-notchedOutline{border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23);}}.css-sv5gtw.Mui-focused .MuiOutlinedInput-notchedOutline{border-color:#1976d2;border-width:2px;}.css-sv5gtw.Mui-error .MuiOutlinedInput-notchedOutline{border-color:#d32f2f;}.css-sv5gtw.Mui-disabled .MuiOutlinedInput-notchedOutline{border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><div class="MuiInputBase-root MuiOutlinedInput-root MuiInputBase-colorPrimary MuiInputBase-fullWidth MuiInputBase-formControl MuiInputBase-sizeSmall MuiInputBase-adornedStart css-sv5gtw"><style data-emotion="css 1a6giau">.css-1a6giau{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:0.01em;max-height:2em;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;white-space:nowrap;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);margin-right:8px;}</style><div class="MuiInputAdornment-root MuiInputAdornment-positionStart MuiInputAdornment-outlined MuiInputAdornment-sizeSmall css-1a6giau"><span class="notranslate"></span><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="SearchIcon"><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"/></svg></div><style data-emotion="css f2zrvi">.css-f2zrvi{font:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;color:currentColor;padding:4px 0 5px;border:0;box-sizing:content-box;background:none;height:1.4375em;margin:0;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;display:block;min-width:0;width:100%;-webkit-animation-name:mui-auto-fill-cancel;animation-name:mui-auto-fill-cancel;-webkit-animation-duration:10ms;animation-duration:10ms;padding-top:1px;-moz-appearance:textfield;padding:8.5px 14px;padding-left:0;}.css-f2zrvi::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:currentColor;opacity:0.42;-webkit-transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;}.css-f2zrvi::-moz-placeholder{color:currentColor;opacity:0.42;-webkit-transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;}.css-f2zrvi:-ms-input-placeholder{color:currentColor;opacity:0.42;-webkit-transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;}.css-f2zrvi::-ms-input-placeholder{color:currentColor;opacity:0.42;-webkit-transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;}.css-f2zrvi:focus{outline:0;}.css-f2zrvi:invalid{box-shadow:none;}.css-f2zrvi::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-f2zrvi::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:0!important;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-f2zrvi::-moz-placeholder{opacity:0!important;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-f2zrvi:-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:0!important;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-f2zrvi::-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:0!important;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-f2zrvi:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:0.42;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-f2zrvi:focus::-moz-placeholder{opacity:0.42;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-f2zrvi:focus:-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:0.42;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-f2zrvi:focus::-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:0.42;}.css-f2zrvi.Mui-disabled{opacity:1;-webkit-text-fill-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.38);}.css-f2zrvi:-webkit-autofill{-webkit-animation-duration:5000s;animation-duration:5000s;-webkit-animation-name:mui-auto-fill;animation-name:mui-auto-fill;}.css-f2zrvi:-webkit-autofill{border-radius:inherit;}</style><input type="search" aria-invalid="false" id="doc-search" placeholder="搜索文档" value="" class="MuiInputBase-input MuiOutlinedInput-input MuiInputBase-inputTypeSearch MuiInputBase-inputSizeSmall MuiInputBase-inputAdornedStart css-f2zrvi"/><style data-emotion="css 19w1uun">.css-19w1uun{border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23);}</style><style data-emotion="css igs3ac">.css-igs3ac{text-align:left;bottom:0;right:0;top:-5px;left:0;margin:0;padding:0 8px;pointer-events:none;border-radius:inherit;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;overflow:hidden;min-width:0%;border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23);}</style><fieldset aria-hidden="true" class="MuiOutlinedInput-notchedOutline css-igs3ac"><style data-emotion="css hdw1oc">.css-hdw1oc{float:unset;overflow:hidden;padding:0;line-height:11px;-webkit-transition:width 150ms cubic-bezier(0.0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:width 150ms cubic-bezier(0.0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;}</style><legend class="css-hdw1oc"><span class="notranslate"></span></legend></fieldset></div></div></form></div></div></header><style data-emotion="css o1nacy">.css-o1nacy{margin-top:7rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}</style><div class="PingCAP-Doc MuiBox-root css-o1nacy"><style data-emotion="css hboir5">.css-hboir5{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-hboir5"><style data-emotion="css 2tzg8">.css-2tzg8{width:18.75rem;border-right:1px solid #E5E4E4;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-2tzg8{;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-2tzg8{display:block;}}</style><aside class="MuiBox-root css-2tzg8"><style data-emotion="css 1eohm8p">.css-1eohm8p{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:5rem;height:100%;max-height:calc(100vh - 7rem);overflow-y:auto;padding:1rem;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1eohm8p"><style data-emotion="css fmyu0n">.css-fmyu0n{text-transform:none;font-family:-apple-system,"Poppins","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif,"Noto Sans","Fira Code","IBM Plex Sans","sans-serif";font-weight:500;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.75;min-width:64px;padding:6px 8px;border-radius:4px;-webkit-transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;color:#1976d2;width:100%;height:2rem;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e5e5e5;margin-bottom:1rem;}.css-fmyu0n:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-fmyu0n:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-fmyu0n.Mui-disabled{color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><style data-emotion="css 1rq233s">.css-1rq233s{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-transform:none;font-family:-apple-system,"Poppins","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif,"Noto Sans","Fira Code","IBM Plex Sans","sans-serif";font-weight:500;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.75;min-width:64px;padding:6px 8px;border-radius:4px;-webkit-transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;color:#1976d2;width:100%;height:2rem;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e5e5e5;margin-bottom:1rem;}.css-1rq233s::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-1rq233s.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-1rq233s{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-1rq233s:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-1rq233s:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1rq233s.Mui-disabled{color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-text MuiButton-textPrimary MuiButton-sizeMedium MuiButton-textSizeMedium css-1rq233s" tabindex="0" type="button" id="version-select-button" aria-haspopup="true"><style data-emotion="css 3cb5vr">.css-3cb5vr{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;padding:0 0.25rem;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-3cb5vr">v5.3</div><style data-emotion="css 1n4a93h">.css-1n4a93h{display:inherit;margin-right:-4px;margin-left:8px;}.css-1n4a93h&gt;*:nth-of-type(1){font-size:20px;}</style><span class="MuiButton-endIcon MuiButton-iconSizeMedium css-1n4a93h"><style data-emotion="css b5l66">.css-b5l66{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-moz-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg);height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem;fill:#999999;margin-right:0.25rem;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-b5l66" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></span></button><style data-emotion="css 1c58svf">.css-1c58svf .MuiPaper-root{border-radius:6px;margin-top:8px;min-width:268px;color:rgb(55, 65, 81);box-shadow:rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0px 0px,rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 0px 0px 1px,rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 10px 15px -3px,rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 4px 6px -2px;}.css-1c58svf .MuiPaper-root .MuiMenu-list{padding:4px 0;}.css-1c58svf .MuiPaper-root .MuiMenuItem-root .MuiSvgIcon-root{font-size:18px;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);margin-right:12px;}.css-1c58svf .MuiPaper-root .MuiMenuItem-root:active{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.08);}</style><style data-emotion="css yvxbj">.css-yvxbj .MuiPaper-root{border-radius:6px;margin-top:8px;min-width:268px;color:rgb(55, 65, 81);box-shadow:rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0px 0px,rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 0px 0px 1px,rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 10px 15px -3px,rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 4px 6px -2px;}.css-yvxbj .MuiPaper-root .MuiMenu-list{padding:4px 0;}.css-yvxbj .MuiPaper-root .MuiMenuItem-root .MuiSvgIcon-root{font-size:18px;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);margin-right:12px;}.css-yvxbj .MuiPaper-root .MuiMenuItem-root:active{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.08);}</style><style data-emotion="css oe3wem">.css-oe3wem .MuiPaper-root{border-radius:6px;margin-top:8px;min-width:268px;color:rgb(55, 65, 81);box-shadow:rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0px 0px,rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 0px 0px 1px,rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 10px 15px -3px,rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 4px 6px -2px;}.css-oe3wem .MuiPaper-root .MuiMenu-list{padding:4px 0;}.css-oe3wem .MuiPaper-root .MuiMenuItem-root .MuiSvgIcon-root{font-size:18px;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);margin-right:12px;}.css-oe3wem .MuiPaper-root .MuiMenuItem-root:active{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.08);}</style><style data-emotion="css 12mehxg">.css-12mehxg{padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none;outline:0;}</style><ul role="tree" id="left-nav-treeview" aria-multiselectable="false" class="MuiTreeView-root css-12mehxg" tabindex="0" aria-label="left navigation"><style data-emotion="css 1gesgke">.css-1gesgke .MuiTreeItem-content{color:#282a36;border-radius:4px;}.css-1gesgke .MuiTreeItem-content:hover{background-color:#f9f9f9;}.css-1gesgke .MuiTreeItem-content.Mui-selected,.css-1gesgke .MuiTreeItem-content.Mui-selected.Mui-focused{background-color:var(--tree-view-bg-color, #EAF6FB);color:var(--tree-view-color, #0A85C2);}.css-1gesgke .MuiTreeItem-content.Mui-selected svg.MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon,.css-1gesgke .MuiTreeItem-content.Mui-selected.Mui-focused svg.MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon{fill:var(--tree-view-color, #0A85C2);}.css-1gesgke .MuiTreeItem-content.Mui-focused{background-color:#f9f9f9;}.css-1gesgke .MuiTreeItem-content .MuiTreeItem-label{font-weight:inherit;color:inherit;}.css-1gesgke .MuiTreeItem-content .MuiTreeItem-iconContainer{;}.css-1gesgke .MuiTreeItem-group{margin-left:0;}.css-1gesgke .MuiTreeItem-group .MuiTreeItem-content{padding-left:16px;}</style><style data-emotion="css 1oy5rnm">.css-1oy5rnm{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;outline:0;}.css-1oy5rnm .MuiTreeItem-content{color:#282a36;border-radius:4px;}.css-1oy5rnm .MuiTreeItem-content:hover{background-color:#f9f9f9;}.css-1oy5rnm .MuiTreeItem-content.Mui-selected,.css-1oy5rnm .MuiTreeItem-content.Mui-selected.Mui-focused{background-color:var(--tree-view-bg-color, #EAF6FB);color:var(--tree-view-color, #0A85C2);}.css-1oy5rnm .MuiTreeItem-content.Mui-selected svg.MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon,.css-1oy5rnm .MuiTreeItem-content.Mui-selected.Mui-focused svg.MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon{fill:var(--tree-view-color, #0A85C2);}.css-1oy5rnm .MuiTreeItem-content.Mui-focused{background-color:#f9f9f9;}.css-1oy5rnm .MuiTreeItem-content .MuiTreeItem-label{font-weight:inherit;color:inherit;}.css-1oy5rnm .MuiTreeItem-content .MuiTreeItem-iconContainer{;}.css-1oy5rnm .MuiTreeItem-group{margin-left:0;}.css-1oy5rnm .MuiTreeItem-group .MuiTreeItem-content{padding-left:16px;}</style><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-0" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><style data-emotion="css khel7y">.css-khel7y{padding:0 8px;width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;}.css-khel7y:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-khel7y:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-khel7y.Mui-disabled{opacity:0.38;background-color:transparent;}.css-khel7y.Mui-focused{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);}.css-khel7y.Mui-selected{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.08);}.css-khel7y.Mui-selected:hover{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.12);}@media (hover: none){.css-khel7y.Mui-selected:hover{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.08);}}.css-khel7y.Mui-selected.Mui-focused{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.2);}.css-khel7y .MuiTreeItem-iconContainer{margin-right:4px;width:15px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;}.css-khel7y .MuiTreeItem-iconContainer svg{font-size:18px;}.css-khel7y .MuiTreeItem-label{width:100%;min-width:0;padding-left:4px;position:relative;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;}</style><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><style data-emotion="css znl8a3">.css-znl8a3{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;min-height:1.75rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:0rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="css-znl8a3"><style data-emotion="css tx8jsd">.css-tx8jsd{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd" target="_blank" href="https://docs.pingcap.com/zh" style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit"><style data-emotion="css 8atqhb">.css-8atqhb{width:100%;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><style data-emotion="css 1hwyipb">.css-1hwyipb{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;color:inherit;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">文档中心</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-1" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">关于 TiDB</div></div><style data-emotion="css xjq79n">.css-xjq79n{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;fill:#999999;height:1rem;width:1rem;margin-left:auto;-webkit-transform:none;-moz-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1jozaee">.css-1jozaee{margin:0;padding:0;margin-left:17px;}</style></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-2" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">快速上手</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">部署标准集群</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据迁移</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-5" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">运维操作</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-6" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">监控与告警</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-7" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">故障诊断</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-8" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">性能调优</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-9" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">教程</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-10" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">TiDB 工具</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-11" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">参考指南</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-12" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">常见问题解答 (FAQ)</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="true" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content Mui-expanded" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">版本发布历史</div></div><style data-emotion="css 171pefp">.css-171pefp{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;fill:#999999;height:1rem;width:1rem;margin-left:auto;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);-moz-transform:rotate(90deg);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg);}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-171pefp" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1xxsnna">.css-1xxsnna{height:auto;overflow:visible;-webkit-transition:height 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:height 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;margin:0;padding:0;margin-left:17px;}</style><ul class="MuiCollapse-root MuiCollapse-vertical MuiTreeItem-group MuiCollapse-entered css-1xxsnna" style="min-height:0px" role="group"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapper MuiCollapse-vertical css-hboir5"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapperInner MuiCollapse-vertical css-8atqhb"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-0" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><style data-emotion="css kb2j4b">.css-kb2j4b{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;min-height:1.75rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:0.5rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="css-kb2j4b"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/release-notes"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">发布版本汇总</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-1" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/release-timeline"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">版本发布时间线</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-2" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">v5.3</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-3" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">v5.2</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">v5.1</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="true" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-5" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content Mui-expanded" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">v5.0</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-171pefp" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div><ul class="MuiCollapse-root MuiCollapse-vertical MuiTreeItem-group MuiCollapse-entered css-1xxsnna" style="min-height:0px" role="group"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapper MuiCollapse-vertical css-hboir5"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapperInner MuiCollapse-vertical css-8atqhb"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-5-0" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><style data-emotion="css snygwd">.css-snygwd{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;min-height:1.75rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:1rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/release-5.0.6"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">5.0.6</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-5-1" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/release-5.0.5"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">5.0.5</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-5-2" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/release-5.0.4"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">5.0.4</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-5-3" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/release-5.0.3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">5.0.3</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-5-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/release-5.0.2"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">5.0.2</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-5-5" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/release-5.0.1"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">5.0.1</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-5-6" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content Mui-expanded" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a aria-current="page" style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" class="" href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/release-5.0.0"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">5.0 GA</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-5-7" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/release-5.0.0-rc"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">5.0.0-rc</div></div></a></div></div></div></li></div></div></ul></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-6" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">v4.0</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-7" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">v3.1</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-8" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">v3.0</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-9" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">v2.1</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-10" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">v2.0</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-11" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">v1.0</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li></div></div></ul></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-14" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/glossary"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">术语表</div></div></a></div></div></div></li></ul></div></aside><style data-emotion="css sb2sd0">.css-sb2sd0{width:100%;}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-sb2sd0{max-width:calc(100% - 18.75rem);}}</style><main class="MuiBox-root css-sb2sd0"><style data-emotion="css 1rnnmjb">.css-1rnnmjb{max-width:1340px;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1rnnmjb"><style data-emotion="css 90fn5w">.css-90fn5w{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-90fn5w{-webkit-flex-direction:column-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:column-reverse;flex-direction:column-reverse;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-90fn5w{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}}</style><div class="css-90fn5w"><style data-emotion="css vofosd">.css-vofosd{padding:1.5rem 0;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-vofosd{width:100%;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-vofosd{width:calc(100% - 17.5rem);}}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-vofosd"><style data-emotion="css 1ekb41w">.css-1ekb41w{width:100%;margin-left:auto;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:auto;display:block;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1ekb41w{padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px;}}@media (min-width:1536px){.css-1ekb41w{max-width:1536px;}}</style><div class="MuiContainer-root MuiContainer-maxWidthXl doc-content css-1ekb41w"><div class="markdown-body MuiBox-root css-0"><style data-emotion="css 1weqspv">.css-1weqspv{padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;}.css-1weqspv .MuiAlert-message p{margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:0px;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1weqspv"><style data-emotion="css 17zlexa">.css-17zlexa{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:rgb(1, 67, 97);background-color:rgb(229, 246, 253);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding:6px 16px;}.css-17zlexa .MuiAlert-icon{color:#03a9f4;}</style><style data-emotion="css 152gid5">.css-152gid5{background-color:#fff;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87);-webkit-transition:box-shadow 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:box-shadow 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:none;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:rgb(1, 67, 97);background-color:rgb(229, 246, 253);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding:6px 16px;}.css-152gid5 .MuiAlert-icon{color:#03a9f4;}</style><div class="MuiPaper-root MuiPaper-elevation MuiPaper-rounded MuiPaper-elevation0 MuiAlert-root MuiAlert-standardInfo MuiAlert-standard css-152gid5" role="alert"><style data-emotion="css 1l54tgj">.css-1l54tgj{margin-right:12px;padding:7px 0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:22px;opacity:0.9;}</style><div class="MuiAlert-icon css-1l54tgj"><style data-emotion="css 1cw4hi4">.css-1cw4hi4{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:inherit;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="InfoOutlinedIcon"><path d="M11,9H13V7H11M12,20C7.59,20 4,16.41 4,12C4,7.59 7.59,4 12,4C16.41,4 20,7.59 20, 12C20,16.41 16.41,20 12,20M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10, 10 0 0,0 12,2M11,17H13V11H11V17Z"/></svg></div><style data-emotion="css 1xsto0d">.css-1xsto0d{padding:8px 0;min-width:0;overflow:auto;}</style><div class="MuiAlert-message css-1xsto0d"><style data-emotion="css 1h2y6o4">.css-1h2y6o4{font-weight:500;margin-top:-2px;}</style><style data-emotion="css 17ioyuk">.css-17ioyuk{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;margin-bottom:0.35em;font-weight:500;margin-top:-2px;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiTypography-gutterBottom MuiAlertTitle-root css-17ioyuk">重要</div><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd">你正在查看 TiDB 数据库的较旧版本 (TiDB v5.3) 的文档。如无特殊需求，建议使用 TiDB 数据库的<a hreflang="zh" href="/zh/tidb/stable/release-5.0.0">最新 LTS 版本</a>。</p></div></div></div><h1 id="whats-new-in-tidb-50" style="position:relative"><a href="#whats-new-in-tidb-50" aria-label="whats new in tidb 50 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>What's New in TiDB 5.0</h1><p>发版日期：2021 年 04 月 07 日</p><p>TiDB 版本：5.0.0</p><p>5.0 版本中，我们专注于帮助企业基于 TiDB 数据库快速构建应用程序，使企业在构建过程中无需担心数据库的性能、性能抖动、安全、高可用、容灾、SQL 语句的性能问题排查等问题。</p><p>在 5.0 版本中，你可以获得以下关键特性：</p><ul><li>TiDB 通过 TiFlash 节点引入了 MPP 架构。这使得大型表连接类查询可以由不同 TiFlash 节点共同分担完成。当 MPP 模式开启后，TiDB 将会根据代价决定是否应该交由 MPP 框架进行计算。MPP 模式下，表连接将通过对 JOIN Key 进行数据计算时重分布（Exchange 操作）的方式把计算压力分摊到各个 TiFlash 执行节点，从而达到加速计算的目的。经测试，TiDB 5.0 在同等资源下，MPP 引擎的总体性能是 Greenplum 6.15.0 与 Apache Spark 3.1.1 两到三倍之间，部分查询可达 8 倍性能差异。</li><li>引入聚簇索引功能，提升数据库的性能。例如，TPC-C tpmC 的性能提升了 39%。</li><li>开启异步提交事务功能，降低写入数据的延迟。例如：Sysbench 设置 64 线程测试 Update index 时，平均延迟由 12.04 ms 降低到 7.01ms ，降低了 41.7%。</li><li>通过提升优化器的稳定性及限制系统任务对 I/O、网络、CPU、内存等资源的占用，降低系统的抖动。例如：测试 8 小时，TPC-C 测试中 tpmC 抖动标准差的值小于等于 2%。</li><li>通过完善调度功能及保证执行计划在最大程度上保持不变，提升系统的稳定性。</li><li>引入 Raft Joint Consensus 算法，确保 Region 成员变更时系统的可用性。</li><li>优化 <code>EXPLAIN</code> 功能、引入不可见索引等功能帮助提升 DBA 调试及 SQL 语句执行的效率。</li><li>通过从 TiDB 备份文件到 Amazon S3、Google Cloud GCS，或者从 Amazon S3、Google Cloud GCS 恢复文件到 TiDB，确保企业数据的可靠性。</li><li>提升从 Amazon S3 或者 TiDB/MySQL 导入导出数据的性能，帮忙企业在云上快速构建应用。例如：导入 1TiB TPC-C 数据性能提升了 40%，由 254 GiB/h 提升到 366 GiB/h。</li></ul><h2 id="兼容性变化" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%85%BC%E5%AE%B9%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96" aria-label="兼容性变化 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>兼容性变化</h2><h3 id="系统变量" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F" aria-label="系统变量 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>系统变量</h3><ul><li><p>新增系统变量 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_executor_concurrency-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_executor_concurrency</code></a>，用于统一控制算子并发度。原有的 tidb_*_concurrency（例如 <code>tidb_projection_concurrency</code>）设置仍然生效，使用过程中会提示已废弃警告。</p></li><li><p>新增系统变量 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_skip_ascii_check-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_skip_ascii_check</code></a>，用于决定在写入 ASCII 字符集的列时，是否对字符的合法性进行检查，默认为 OFF。</p></li><li><p>新增系统变量 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_enable_strict_double_type_check-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_enable_strict_double_type_check</code></a>，用于决定类似“double(N)”语法是否允许被定义在表结构中，默认为 OFF。</p></li><li><p>系统变量 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_dml_batch_size"><code>tidb_dml_batch_size</code></a> 的默认值由 20000 修改为 0，即在 "LOAD/INSERT INTO SELECT ..." 等语法中，不再默认使用 Batch DML，而是通过大事务以满足严格的 ACID 语义。</p><div class="MuiBox-root css-1weqspv"><div class="MuiPaper-root MuiPaper-elevation MuiPaper-rounded MuiPaper-elevation0 MuiAlert-root MuiAlert-standardInfo MuiAlert-standard css-152gid5" role="alert"><div class="MuiAlert-icon css-1l54tgj"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="InfoOutlinedIcon"><path d="M11,9H13V7H11M12,20C7.59,20 4,16.41 4,12C4,7.59 7.59,4 12,4C16.41,4 20,7.59 20, 12C20,16.41 16.41,20 12,20M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10, 10 0 0,0 12,2M11,17H13V11H11V17Z"/></svg></div><div class="MuiAlert-message css-1xsto0d"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiTypography-gutterBottom MuiAlertTitle-root css-17ioyuk">注意</div><p>该变量作用域从 session 改变为 global，且默认值从 20000 修改为 0，如果应用依赖于原始默认值，需要在升级之后使用 <code>set global</code> 语句修改该变量值为原始值。</p></div></div></div></li><li><p>临时表的语法兼容性受到 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_enable_noop_functions-从-v40-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_enable_noop_functions</code></a> 系统变量的控制：当 <code>tidb_enable_noop_functions</code> 为 <code>OFF</code> 时，<code>CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE</code> 语法将会报错。</p></li><li><p>新增 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_gc_concurrency-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_gc_concurrency</code></a>、<a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_gc_enable-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_gc_enable</code></a>、<a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_gc_life_time-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_gc_life_time</code></a>、<a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_gc_run_interval-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_gc_run_interval</code></a>、<a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_gc_scan_lock_mode-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_gc_scan_lock_mode</code></a> 系统变量，用于直接通过系统变量调整垃圾回收相关参数。</p></li><li><p>系统变量 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/pd-configuration-file#enable-joint-consensus-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>enable-joint-consensus</code></a> 默认值由 <code>false</code> 改成 <code>true</code>，默认开启 Joint consensus 功能。</p></li><li><p>系统变量 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_enable_amend_pessimistic_txn-从-v407-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_enable_amend_pessimistic_txn</code></a> 的值由数字 0 或者 1 变更成 ON 或者 OFF。</p></li><li><p>系统变量 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_enable_clustered_index-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_enable_clustered_index</code></a> 默认值由 OFF 改成 INT_ONLY 且含义有如下变化：</p><ul><li><p>ON：开启聚簇索引，支持添加或者删除非聚簇索引。</p></li><li><p>OFF：关闭聚簇索引，支持添加或者删除非聚簇索引。</p></li><li><p>INT_ONLY：默认值，行为与 v5.0 以下版本保持一致，与 <code>alter-primary-key = false</code> 一起使用可控制 INT 类型是否开启聚簇索引。</p><div class="MuiBox-root css-1weqspv"><div class="MuiPaper-root MuiPaper-elevation MuiPaper-rounded MuiPaper-elevation0 MuiAlert-root MuiAlert-standardInfo MuiAlert-standard css-152gid5" role="alert"><div class="MuiAlert-icon css-1l54tgj"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="InfoOutlinedIcon"><path d="M11,9H13V7H11M12,20C7.59,20 4,16.41 4,12C4,7.59 7.59,4 12,4C16.41,4 20,7.59 20, 12C20,16.41 16.41,20 12,20M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10, 10 0 0,0 12,2M11,17H13V11H11V17Z"/></svg></div><div class="MuiAlert-message css-1xsto0d"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiTypography-gutterBottom MuiAlertTitle-root css-17ioyuk">注意</div><p>5.0 GA 中 <code>tidb_enable_clustered_index</code> 的 INT_ONLY 值和 5.0 RC 中的 OFF 值含义一致，从已设置 OFF 的 5.0 RC 集群升级至 5.0 GA 后，将展示为 INT_ONLY。</p></div></div></div></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="配置文件参数" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0" aria-label="配置文件参数 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>配置文件参数</h3><ul><li>新增 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/tidb-configuration-file#index-limit-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>index-limit</code></a> 配置项，默认值为 64，取值范围是 [64, 512]。MySQL 一张表最多支持 64 个索引，如果该配置超过默认值并为某张表创建超过 64 个索引，该表结构再次导入 MySQL 将会报错。</li><li>新增 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/tidb-configuration-file#enable-enum-length-limit-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>enable-enum-length-limit</code></a> 配置项，用于兼容 MySQL ENUM/SET 元素长度并保持一致（ENUM 长度 &lt; 255），默认值为 true。</li><li>删除 <code>pessimistic-txn.enable</code> 配置项，通过环境变量 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_txn_mode">tidb_txn_mode</a> 替代。</li><li>删除 <code>performance.max-memory</code> 配置项，通过 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/tidb-configuration-file#server-memory-quota-从-v409-版本开始引入">performance.server-memory-quota</a> 替代。</li><li>删除 <code>tikv-client.copr-cache.enable</code> 配置项，通过 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/tidb-configuration-file#capacity-mb">tikv-client.copr-cache.capacity-mb</a> 替代，如果配置项的值为 0.0 代表关闭此功能，大于 0.0 代表开启此功能，默认：1000.0。</li><li>删除 <code>rocksdb.auto-tuned</code> 配置项，通过 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/tikv-configuration-file#rate-limiter-auto-tuned-从-v50-版本开始引入">rocksdb.rate-limiter-auto-tuned</a> 替代。</li><li>删除 <code>raftstore.sync-log</code> 配置项，默认会写入数据强制落盘，之前显式关闭 <code>raftstore.sync-log</code>，成功升级 v5.0 版本后，会强制改为 <code>true</code>。</li><li><code>gc.enable-compaction-filter</code> 配置项的默认值由 <code>false</code> 改成 <code>true</code>。</li><li><code>enable-cross-table-merge</code> 配置项的默认值由 <code>false</code> 改成 <code>true</code>。</li><li><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/tikv-configuration-file#rate-limiter-auto-tuned-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>rate-limiter-auto-tuned</code></a> 配置项的默认值由 <code>false</code> 改成 <code>true</code>。</li></ul><h3 id="其他" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96" aria-label="其他 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>其他</h3><ul><li>升级前，请检查 TiDB 配置项 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/tidb-configuration-file#feedback-probability"><code>feedback-probability</code></a> 的值。如果不为 0，升级后会触发 "panic in the recoverable goroutine" 报错，但不影响升级。</li><li>为了避免造成数据正确性问题，列类型变更不再允许 <code>VARCHAR</code> 类型和 <code>CHAR</code> 类型的互相转换。</li></ul><h2 id="新功能" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD" aria-label="新功能 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>新功能</h2><h3 id="sql" style="position:relative"><a href="#sql" aria-label="sql permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>SQL</h3><h4 id="list-分区表-list-partition实验特性" style="position:relative"><a href="#list-%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA%E8%A1%A8-list-partition%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7" aria-label="list 分区表 list partition实验特性 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>List 分区表 (List Partition)（<strong>实验特性</strong>）</h4><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/partitioned-table#list-分区">用户文档</a></p><p>采用 List 分区表后，你可以高效地查询、维护有大量数据的表。</p><p>List 分区表会按照 <code>PARTITION BY LIST(expr) PARTITION part_name VALUES IN (...)</code> 表达式来定义分区，定义如何将数据划分到不同的分区中。分区表的数据集合最多支持 1024 个值，值的类型只支持整数型，不能有重复的值。可通过 <code>PARTITION ... VALUES IN (...)</code> 子句对值进行定义。</p><p>你可以设置 session 变量 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_enable_list_partition-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_enable_list_partition</code></a> 的值为 <code>ON</code>，开启 List 分区表功能。</p><h4 id="list-columns-分区表-list-columns-partition实验特性" style="position:relative"><a href="#list-columns-%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA%E8%A1%A8-list-columns-partition%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7" aria-label="list columns 分区表 list columns partition实验特性 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>List COLUMNS 分区表 (List COLUMNS Partition)（<strong>实验特性</strong>）</h4><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/partitioned-table#list-columns-分区">用户文档</a></p><p>List COLUMNS 分区表是 List 分区表的变体，主要的区别是分区键可以由多个列组成，列的类型不再局限于整数类型，也可以是字符串、DATE 和 DATETIME 等类型。</p><p>你可以设置 session 变量 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_enable_list_partition-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_enable_list_partition</code></a> 的值为 <code>ON</code>，开启 List COLUMNS 分区表功能。</p><h4 id="不可见索引-invisible-indexes" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%81%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95-invisible-indexes" aria-label="不可见索引 invisible indexes permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>不可见索引 (Invisible Indexes)</h4><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/sql-statement-alter-index">用户文档</a>，<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/9246" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#9246</a></p><p>DBA 调试和选择相对最优的索引时，可以通过 SQL 语句将某个索引设置成 <code>Visible</code> 或者 <code>Invisible</code>，避免执行消耗资源较多的操作，如 <code>DROP INDEX</code> 或 <code>ADD INDEX</code>。</p><p>DBA 通过 <code>ALTER INDEX</code> 语句可以修改某个索引的可见性。修改后，查询优化器会根据索引的可见性决定是否将此索引加入到索引列表中。</p><h4 id="except-和-intersect-操作符" style="position:relative"><a href="#except-%E5%92%8C-intersect-%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%AC%A6" aria-label="except 和 intersect 操作符 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a><code>EXCEPT</code> 和 <code>INTERSECT</code> 操作符</h4><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/set-operators">用户文档</a>，<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/18031" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#18031</a></p><p><code>INTERSECT</code> 操作符是一个集合操作符，返回两个或者多个查询结果集的交集。一定程度上可以替代 <code>Inner Join</code> 操作符。</p><p><code>EXCEPT</code> 操作符是一个集合操作符，返回两个查询结果集的差集，即在第一个查询结果中存在但在第二个查询结果中不存在的结果集。</p><h3 id="事务" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1" aria-label="事务 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>事务</h3><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_enable_amend_pessimistic_txn-从-v407-版本开始引入">用户文档</a>，<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/18005" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#18005</a></p><p>悲观事务模式下，如果事务所涉及到的表存在并发的 DDL 操作或者 SCHEMA VERSION 变更，系统自动将该事务的 SCHEMA VERSION 更新到最新版本，以此确保事务会提交成功，避免事务因并发的 DDL 操作或者 SCHEMA VERSION 变更而中断时客户端收到 <code>Information schema is changed</code> 的错误信息。</p><p>系统默认关闭此功能，你可以通过修改 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_enable_amend_pessimistic_txn-从-v407-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_enable_amend_pessimistic_txn</code></a> 系统变量开启此功能，此功能从 4.0.7 版本开始提供，5.0 版本主要修复了以下问题：</p><ul><li>TiDB Binlog 在执行 Add column 操作的兼容性问题</li><li>与唯一索引一起使用时存在的数据不一致性的问题</li><li>与添加索引一起使用时存在的数据不一致性的问题</li></ul><p>当前此功能存在以下不兼容性问题：</p><ul><li>并发事务场景下事务的语义可能发生变化的问题</li><li>与 TiDB Binlog 一起使用时，存在已知的兼容性问题 <a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/20996" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#20996</a></li><li>与 change column 功能不兼容 <a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/21470" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#21470</a></li></ul><h3 id="字符集和排序规则" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E9%9B%86%E5%92%8C%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99" aria-label="字符集和排序规则 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>字符集和排序规则</h3><ul><li>支持 <code>utf8mb4_unicode_ci</code> 和 <code>utf8_unicode_ci</code> 排序规则。 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/character-set-and-collation#新框架下的排序规则支持">用户文档</a>，<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/17596" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#17596</a></li><li>支持字符集比较排序时不区分大小写。</li></ul><h3 id="安全" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" aria-label="安全 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>安全</h3><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/log-redaction">用户文档</a>，<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/18566" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#18566</a></p><p>为满足各种安全合规（如《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)）的要求，系统在输出错误信息和日志信息时，支持对敏感信息（例如，身份证信息、信用卡号）进行脱敏处理，避免敏感信息泄露。</p><p>TiDB 支持对输出的日志信息进行脱敏处理，你可以通过以下开关开启此功能：</p><ul><li>全局系统变量 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_redact_log"><code>tidb_redact_log</code></a>：默认值为 0，即关闭脱敏。设置变量值为 1 开启 tidb-server 的日志脱敏功能。</li><li>配置项 <code>security.redact-info-log</code>：默认值为 false，即关闭脱敏。设置配置项值为 true 开启 tikv-server 的日志脱敏功能。<a href="https://github.com/tikv/pd/issues/2852" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#2852</a></li><li>配置项 <code>security.redact-info-log</code>：默认值为 false，即关闭脱敏。设置配置项值为 true 开启 pd-server 的日志脱敏功能。</li><li>配置项 <code>security.redact_info_log</code>（对于 tiflash-server）和配置项 <code>security.redact-info-log</code>（对于 tiflash-learner）：两个配置项的默认值均为 false，即关闭脱敏。设置配置项值为 true 开启 tiflash-server 及 tiflash-learner 的日志脱敏功能。</li></ul><p>此功能从 5.0 版本中开始提供，使用过程中必须开启以上所有系统变量及配置项。</p><h2 id="性能优化" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96" aria-label="性能优化 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>性能优化</h2><h3 id="mpp-架构" style="position:relative"><a href="#mpp-%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84" aria-label="mpp 架构 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>MPP 架构</h3><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/use-tiflash">用户文档</a></p><p>TiDB 通过 TiFlash 节点引入了 MPP 架构。这使得大型表连接类查询可以由不同 TiFlash 节点分担共同完成。</p><p>当 MPP 模式开启后，TiDB 会通过代价决策是否应该交由 MPP 框架进行计算。MPP 模式下，表连接将通过对 JOIN Key 进行数据计算时重分布（Exchange 操作）的方式把计算压力分摊到各个 TiFlash 执行节点，从而达到加速计算的目的。更进一步，加上之前 TiFlash 已经支持的聚合计算，MPP 模式下 TiDB 可以将一个查询的计算都下推到 TiFlash MPP 集群，从而借助分布式环境加速整个执行过程，大幅度提升分析查询速度。</p><p>经过 Benchmark 测试，在 TPC-H 100 的规模下，TiFlash MPP 提供了显著超越 Greenplum，Apache Spark 等传统分析数据库或数据湖上分析引擎的速度。借助这套架构，用户可以直接针对最新的交易数据进行大规模分析查询，且性能超越传统离线分析方案。经测试，TiDB 5.0 在同等资源下，MPP 引擎的总体性能是 Greenplum 6.15.0 与 Apache Spark 3.1.1 两到三倍之间，部分查询可达 8 倍性能差异。</p><p>当前 MPP 模式不支持的主要功能如下（详细信息请参阅<a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/use-tiflash">用户文档</a>）：</p><ul><li>分区表</li><li>Window Function</li><li>Collation</li><li>部分内置函数</li><li>读取 TiKV 数据</li><li>OOM Spill</li><li>Union</li><li>Full Outer Join</li></ul><h3 id="聚簇索引" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E8%81%9A%E7%B0%87%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" aria-label="聚簇索引 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>聚簇索引</h3><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/clustered-indexes">用户文档</a>，<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/4841" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#4841</a></p><p>DBA、数据库应用开发者在设计表结构时或者分析业务数据的行为时，如果发现有部分列经常分组排序、返回某范围的数据、返回少量不同的值的数据、有主键列及业务数据不会有读写热点时，建议选择聚簇索引。</p><p>聚簇索引 (Clustered Index)，部分数据库管理系统也叫索引组织表，是一种和表的数据相关联的存储结构。创建聚簇索引时可指定包含表中的一列或多列作为索引的键值。这些键存储在一个结构中，使 TiDB 能够快速有效地找到与键值相关联的行，提升查询和写入数据的性能。</p><p>开启聚簇索引功能后，TiDB 性能在一些场景下会有较大幅度的提升。例如，TPC-C tpmC 的性能提升了 39%。聚簇索引主要在以下场景会有性能提升：</p><ul><li>插入数据时会减少一次从网络写入索引数据。</li><li>等值条件查询仅涉及主键时会减少一次从网络读取数据。</li><li>范围条件查询仅涉及主键时会减少多次从网络读取数据。</li><li>等值或范围条件查询涉及主键的前缀时会减少多次从网络读取数据。</li></ul><p>每张表既可以采用聚簇索引排序存储数据，也可以采用非聚簇索引，两者区别如下：</p><ul><li>创建聚簇索引时，可指定包含表中的一列或多列作为索引的键值，聚簇索引根据键值对表的数据进行排序和存储，每张表只能有一个聚簇索引，当某张表有聚簇索引时，该表称为聚簇索引表。相反如果该表没有聚簇索引，称为非聚簇索引表。</li><li>创建非聚簇索引时，表中的数据存储在无序结构中，用户无需显式指定非聚簇索引的键值，系统会自动为每一行数据分配唯一的 ROWID，标识一行数据的位置信息，查询数据时会用 ROWID 定位一行数据。查询或者写入数据时至少会有两次网络 I/O，因此查询或者写入数据的性能相比聚簇索引会有所下降。</li></ul><p>当修改表的数据时，数据库系统会自动维护聚簇索引和非聚簇索引，用户无需参与。</p><p>系统默认采用非聚簇索引，用户可以通过以下两种方式选择使用聚簇索引或非聚簇索引：</p><ul><li><p>创建表时在语句上指定 <code>CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED</code>，指定后系统将按照指定的方式创建表。具体语法如下：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><style data-emotion="css 1qhimia">.css-1qhimia{margin-right:3rem;overflow:auto;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">TABLE</span> `t` (`a` <span class="hljs-type">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="hljs-number">255</span>), `b` <span class="hljs-type">INT</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">PRIMARY</span> KEY (`a`, `b`) CLUSTERED); </div><style data-emotion="css ux9q70">.css-ux9q70{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:2.4rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-ux9q70:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-ux9q70:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-ux9q70.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><style data-emotion="css 1rmx1rm">.css-1rmx1rm{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:2.4rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-1rmx1rm::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-1rmx1rm.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-1rmx1rm{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-1rmx1rm:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-1rmx1rm:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1rmx1rm.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><style data-emotion="css 1e2dcm1">.css-1e2dcm1{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css okvapm">.css-okvapm{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css rnn29l">.css-rnn29l{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:0.625rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-rnn29l:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-rnn29l:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-rnn29l.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><style data-emotion="css fxo539">.css-fxo539{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:0.625rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-fxo539::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-fxo539.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-fxo539{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-fxo539:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-fxo539:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-fxo539.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p> 或者：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">TABLE</span> `t` (`a` <span class="hljs-type">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="hljs-number">255</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">PRIMARY</span> KEY CLUSTERED, `b` <span class="hljs-type">INT</span>); </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p> 通过 <code>SHOW INDEX FROM tbl-name</code> 语句可查询表是否有聚簇索引。</p></li><li><p>设置 <code>tidb_enable_clustered_index</code> 控制聚簇索引功能，取值：ON|OFF|INT_ONLY</p><ul><li>ON：开启聚簇索引，支持添加或者删除非聚簇索引。</li><li>OFF：关闭聚簇索引，支持添加或者删除非聚簇索引。</li><li>INT_ONLY：默认值，行为与 5.0 以下版本保持一致，与 <code>alter-primary-key = false</code> 一起使用可控制 INT 类型是否开启聚簇索引。</li></ul></li></ul><p>优先级方面，建表时有指定 <code>CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED</code> 时，优先级高于系统变量和配置项。</p><p>推荐创建表时在语句上指定 <code>CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED</code> 的方式使用聚簇索引和非聚簇索引，此方式对业务更加灵活，业务可以根据需求在同一个系统同时使用所有数据类型的聚簇索引和非聚簇索引。</p><p>不推荐使用 <code>tidb_enable_clustered_index = INT_ONLY</code>，原因是 INT_ONLY 是满足兼容性而临时设置的值，不推荐使用，未来会废弃。</p><p>聚簇索引功能有如下限制：</p><ul><li>不支持聚簇索引和非聚簇索引相互转换。</li><li>不支持删除聚簇索引。</li><li>不支持通过 <code>ALTER TABLE</code> SQL 语句增加、删除、修改聚簇索引。</li><li>不支持重组织和重建聚簇索引。</li><li>不支持启用、禁用索引，也就是不可见索引功能对聚簇索引不生效。</li><li>不支持 <code>UNIQUE KEY</code> 作为聚簇索引。</li><li>不支持与 TiDB Binlog 一起使用。开启 TiDB Binlog 后 TiDB 只允许创建单个整数列作为主键的聚簇索引；已创建的聚簇索引表的数据插入、删除和更新动作不会通过 TiDB Binlog 同步到下游。</li><li>不支持与 <code>SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS</code> 和 <code>PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS</code> 属性一起使用。</li><li>集群升级回滚时，存量的表不受影响，新增表可以通过导入、导出数据的方式降级。</li></ul><h3 id="异步提交事务-async-commit" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1-async-commit" aria-label="异步提交事务 async commit permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>异步提交事务 (Async Commit)</h3><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_enable_async_commit-从-v50-版本开始引入">用户文档</a>，<a href="https://github.com/tikv/tikv/issues/8316" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#8316</a></p><p>数据库的客户端会同步等待数据库系统通过两阶段 (2PC) 完成事务的提交，事务在第一阶段提交成功后就会返回结果给客户端，系统会在后台异步执行第二阶段提交操作，降低事务提交的延迟。如果事务的写入只涉及一个 Region，则第二阶段可以直接被省略，变成一阶段提交。</p><p>开启异步提交事务特性后，在硬件、配置完全相同的情况下，Sysbench 设置 64 线程测试 Update index 时，平均延迟由 12.04 ms 降低到 7.01ms ，降低了 41.7%。</p><p>开启异步提交事务特性时，数据库应用开发人员可以考虑将事务的一致性从线性一致性降低到<a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/transaction-overview#因果一致性事务">因果一致性</a>，减少 1 次网络交互降低延迟，提升数据写入的性能。开启因果一致性的 SQL 语句为 <code>START TRANSACTION WITH CAUSAL CONSISTENCY</code>。</p><p>开启因果一致性后，在硬件和配置完全相同的情况下，Sysbench 设置 64 线程测试 oltp_write_only 时，平均延迟由 11.86ms 降低到 11.19ms，降低了 5.6%。</p><p>事务的一致性从线性一致性降低到因果一致性后，如果应用程序中多个事务之间没有相互依赖关系时，事务没有全局一致的顺序。</p><p><strong>新创建的 5.0 集群默认开启异步提交事务功能。</strong></p><p>从旧版本升级到 5.0 的集群，默认不开启该功能，你可以执行 <code>set global tidb_enable_async_commit = ON;</code> 和 <code>set global tidb_enable_1pc = ON;</code> 语句开启该功能。</p><p>异步提交事务功能有如下限制：</p><ul><li>不支持直接降级</li></ul><h3 id="默认开启-coprocessor-cache-功能" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF-coprocessor-cache-%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD" aria-label="默认开启 coprocessor cache 功能 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>默认开启 Coprocessor cache 功能</h3><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/tidb-configuration-file#tikv-clientcopr-cache-从-v400-版本开始引入">用户文档</a></p><p>5.0 GA 默认开启 Coprocessor cache 功能。开启此功能后，TiDB 会在 tidb-server 中缓存算子下推到 tikv-server 计算后的结果，降低读取数据的延时。</p><p>要关闭 Coprocessor cache 功能，你可以修改 <code>tikv-client.copr-cache</code> 的 <code>capacity-mb</code> 配置项为 0.0。</p><h3 id="提升-delete-from-table-where-id---limit--语句执行的性能" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%87-delete-from-table-where-id---limit--%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD" aria-label="提升 delete from table where id limit 语句执行的性能 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>提升 <code>delete from table where id &lt; ? limit ?</code> 语句执行的性能</h3><p><a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/18028" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#18028</a></p><p><code>delete from table where id &lt; ? limit ?</code> 语句执行的 p99 性能提升了 4 倍。</p><h3 id="优化-load-base-切分策略解决部分小表热点读场景数据无法切分的性能问题" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96-load-base-%E5%88%87%E5%88%86%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%A8%E7%83%AD%E7%82%B9%E8%AF%BB%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E5%88%87%E5%88%86%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" aria-label="优化 load base 切分策略解决部分小表热点读场景数据无法切分的性能问题 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>优化 load base 切分策略，解决部分小表热点读场景数据无法切分的性能问题</h3><h2 id="稳定性提升" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%87" aria-label="稳定性提升 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>稳定性提升</h2><h3 id="优化因调度功能不完善引起的性能抖动问题" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%9B%A0%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%8C%E5%96%84%E5%BC%95%E8%B5%B7%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E6%8A%96%E5%8A%A8%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" aria-label="优化因调度功能不完善引起的性能抖动问题 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>优化因调度功能不完善引起的性能抖动问题</h3><p><a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/18005" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#18005</a></p><p>TiDB 调度过程中会占用 I/O、网络、CPU、内存等资源，若不对调度的任务进行控制，QPS 和延时会因为资源被抢占而出现性能抖动问题。</p><p>通过以下几项的优化，测试 8 小时，TPC-C 测试中 tpm-C 抖动标准差的值小于等于 2%。</p><h4 id="引入新的调度算分公式减少不必要的调度减少因调度引起的性能抖动问题" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%BC%95%E5%85%A5%E6%96%B0%E7%9A%84%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6%E7%AE%97%E5%88%86%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F%E5%87%8F%E5%B0%91%E4%B8%8D%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E7%9A%84%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6%E5%87%8F%E5%B0%91%E5%9B%A0%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6%E5%BC%95%E8%B5%B7%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E6%8A%96%E5%8A%A8%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" aria-label="引入新的调度算分公式减少不必要的调度减少因调度引起的性能抖动问题 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>引入新的调度算分公式，减少不必要的调度，减少因调度引起的性能抖动问题</h4><p>当节点的总容量总是在系统设置的水位线附近波动或者 <code>store-limit</code> 配置项设置过大时，为满足容量负载的设计，系统会频繁地将 Region 调度到其他节点，甚至还会调度到原来的节点，调度过程中会占用 I/O、网络、CPU、内存等资源，引起性能抖动问题，但这类调度其实意义不大。</p><p>为缓解此问题，PD 引入了一套新的调度算分公式并默认开启，可通过 <code>region-score-formula-version = v1</code> 配置项切换回之前的调度算分公式。</p><h4 id="默认开启跨表合并-region-功能" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E8%B7%A8%E8%A1%A8%E5%90%88%E5%B9%B6-region-%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD" aria-label="默认开启跨表合并 region 功能 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>默认开启跨表合并 Region 功能</h4><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/pd-configuration-file#enable-cross-table-merge">用户文档</a></p><p>在 5.0 之前，TiDB 默认关闭跨表合并 Region 的功能。从 5.0 起，TiDB 默认开启跨表合并 Region 功能，减少空 Region 的数量，降低系统的网络、内存、CPU 的开销。你可以通过修改 <code>schedule.enable-cross-table-merge</code> 配置项关闭此功能。</p><h4 id="默认开启自动调整-compaction-压缩的速度平衡后台任务与前端的数据读写对-io-资源的争抢" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E8%B0%83%E6%95%B4-compaction-%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E7%9A%84%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1%E5%90%8E%E5%8F%B0%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E4%B8%8E%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%AF%BB%E5%86%99%E5%AF%B9-io-%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%89%E6%8A%A2" aria-label="默认开启自动调整 compaction 压缩的速度平衡后台任务与前端的数据读写对 io 资源的争抢 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>默认开启自动调整 Compaction 压缩的速度，平衡后台任务与前端的数据读写对 I/O 资源的争抢</h4><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/tikv-configuration-file#rate-limiter-auto-tuned-从-v50-版本开始引入">用户文档</a></p><p>在 5.0 之前，为了平衡后台任务与前端的数据读写对 I/O 资源的争抢，自动调整 Compaction 的速度这个功能默认是关闭的；从 5.0 起，TiDB 默认开启此功能并优化调整算法，开启之后延迟抖动比未开启此功能时的抖动大幅减少。</p><p>你可以通过修改 <code>rate-limiter-auto-tuned</code> 配置项关闭此功能。</p><h4 id="默认开启-gc-in-compaction-filter-功能减少-gc-对-cpuio-资源的占用" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF-gc-in-compaction-filter-%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E5%87%8F%E5%B0%91-gc-%E5%AF%B9-cpuio-%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8" aria-label="默认开启 gc in compaction filter 功能减少 gc 对 cpuio 资源的占用 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>默认开启 GC in Compaction filter 功能，减少 GC 对 CPU、I/O 资源的占用</h4><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/garbage-collection-configuration#gc-in-compaction-filter-机制">用户文档</a>，<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/18009" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#18009</a></p><p>TiDB 在进行垃圾回收和数据 Compaction 时，分区会占用 CPU、I/O 资源，系统执行这两个任务过程中存在数据重叠。</p><p>GC Compaction Filter 特性将这两个任务合并在同一个任务中完成，减少对 CPU、I/O 资源的占用。系统默认开启此功能，你可以通过设置 <code>gc.enable-compaction-filter = false</code> 关闭此功能。</p><h4 id="tiflash-限制压缩或整理数据占用-io-资源实验特性" style="position:relative"><a href="#tiflash-%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E6%88%96%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8-io-%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7" aria-label="tiflash 限制压缩或整理数据占用 io 资源实验特性 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>TiFlash 限制压缩或整理数据占用 I/O 资源（<strong>实验特性</strong>）</h4><p>该特性能缓解后台任务与前端的数据读写对 I/O 资源的争抢。</p><p>系统默认关闭该特性，你可以通过 <code>bg_task_io_rate_limit</code> 配置项开启限制压缩或整理数据 I/O 资源。</p><h4 id="增强检查调度约束的性能提升大集群中修复不健康-region-的性能" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%A2%9E%E5%BC%BA%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6%E7%BA%A6%E6%9D%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%AE%E5%A4%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7-region-%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD" aria-label="增强检查调度约束的性能提升大集群中修复不健康 region 的性能 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>增强检查调度约束的性能，提升大集群中修复不健康 Region 的性能</h4><h3 id="保证执行计划在最大程度保持不变避免性能抖动" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BF%9D%E8%AF%81%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E5%9C%A8%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8C%81%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%98%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E6%8A%96%E5%8A%A8" aria-label="保证执行计划在最大程度保持不变避免性能抖动 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>保证执行计划在最大程度保持不变，避免性能抖动</h3><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/sql-plan-management">用户文档</a></p><h4 id="sql-binding-支持-insertreplaceupdatedelete-语句" style="position:relative"><a href="#sql-binding-%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81-insertreplaceupdatedelete-%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5" aria-label="sql binding 支持 insertreplaceupdatedelete 语句 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>SQL BINDING 支持 <code>INSERT</code>、<code>REPLACE</code>、<code>UPDATE</code>、<code>DELETE</code> 语句</h4><p>在数据库性能调优或者运维过程中，如果发现因为执行计划不稳定导致系统性能不稳定时，你可以根据自身的经验或者通过 <code>EXPLAIN ANALYZE</code> 测试选择一条人为优化过的 SQL 语句，通过 SQL BINDING 将优化过的 SQL 语句与业务代码执行的 SQL 语句绑定，确保性能的稳定性。</p><p>通过 SQL BINDING 语句手动的绑定 SQL 语句时，你需要确保优化过的 SQL 语句的语法与原来 SQL 语句的语法保持一致。</p><p>你可以通过 <code>SHOW {GLOBAL | SESSION} BINDINGS</code> 命令查看手工、系统自动绑定的执行计划信息。输出信息基本跟 5.0 之前的版本保持一致。</p><h4 id="自动捕获绑定执行计划" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B7%E7%BB%91%E5%AE%9A%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" aria-label="自动捕获绑定执行计划 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>自动捕获、绑定执行计划</h4><p>在升级 TiDB 时，为避免性能抖动问题，你可以开启自动捕获并绑定执行计划的功能，由系统自动捕获并绑定最近一次执行计划然后存储在系统表中。升级完成后，你可以通过 <code>SHOW GLOBAL BINDINGS</code> 导出绑定的执行计划，自行分析并决策是否要删除绑定的执行计划。</p><p>系统默认关闭自动捕获并绑定执行计划的功能，你可以通过修改 Server 或者设置全局系统变量 <code>tidb_capture_plan_baselines = ON</code> 开启此功能。开启此功能后，系统每隔 <code>bind-info-lease</code>（默认 3 秒）从 Statement Summary 抓取出现过至少 2 次的 SQL 语句并自动捕获、绑定。</p><h3 id="tiflash-查询稳定性提升" style="position:relative"><a href="#tiflash-%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%87" aria-label="tiflash 查询稳定性提升 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>TiFlash 查询稳定性提升</h3><p>新增系统变量 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/system-variables#tidb_allow_fallback_to_tikv-从-v50-版本开始引入"><code>tidb_allow_fallback_to_tikv</code></a>，用于决定在 TiFlash 查询失败时，自动将查询回退到 TiKV 尝试执行，默认为 OFF。</p><h3 id="ticdc-稳定性提升缓解同步过多增量变更数据的-oom-问题" style="position:relative"><a href="#ticdc-%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%87%E7%BC%93%E8%A7%A3%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E8%BF%87%E5%A4%9A%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%8F%98%E6%9B%B4%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84-oom-%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" aria-label="ticdc 稳定性提升缓解同步过多增量变更数据的 oom 问题 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>TiCDC 稳定性提升，缓解同步过多增量变更数据的 OOM 问题</h3><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/manage-ticdc#unified-sorter-功能">用户文档</a>，<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tiflow/issues/1150" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#1150</a></p><p>自 v4.0.9 版本起，TiCDC 引入变更数据本地排序功能 Unified Sorter。在 5.0 版本，默认开启此功能以缓解类似场景下的 OOM 问题：</p><ul><li>场景一：TiCDC 数据订阅任务暂停中断时间长，其间积累了大量的增量更新数据需要同步。</li><li>场景二：从较早的时间点启动数据订阅任务，业务写入量大，积累了大量的更新数据需要同步。</li></ul><p>Unified Sorter 整合了老版本提供的 memory、file sort-engine 配置选择，不需要用户手动配置变更的运维操作。</p><p>限制与约束：</p><ul><li>用户需要根据业务数据更新量提供充足的磁盘空间，推荐使用大于 128G 的 SSD 磁盘。</li></ul><h2 id="高可用和容灾" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%AF%E7%94%A8%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%B9%E7%81%BE" aria-label="高可用和容灾 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>高可用和容灾</h2><h3 id="提升-region-成员变更时的可用性" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%87-region-%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%8F%98%E6%9B%B4%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%AF%E7%94%A8%E6%80%A7" aria-label="提升 region 成员变更时的可用性 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>提升 Region 成员变更时的可用性</h3><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/pd-configuration-file#enable-joint-consensus-从-v50-版本开始引入">用户文档</a>，<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/18079" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#18079</a>，<a href="https://github.com/tikv/tikv/issues/7587" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#7587</a>，<a href="https://github.com/tikv/pd/issues/2860" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#2860</a></p><p>Region 在完成成员变更时，由于“添加”和“删除”成员操作分成两步，如果两步操作之间有故障发生会引起 Region 不可用并且会返回前端业务的错误信息。</p><p>TiDB 引入的 Raft Joint Consensus 算法将成员变更操作中的“添加”和“删除”合并为一个操作，并发送给所有成员，提升了 Region 成员变更时的可用性。在变更过程中，Region 处于中间的状态，如果任何被修改的成员失败，系统仍然可以使用。</p><p>系统默认开启此功能，你可以通过 <code>pd-ctl config set enable-joint-consensus</code> 命令设置选项值为 false 关闭此功能。</p><h3 id="优化内存管理模块降低系统-oom-的风险" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E9%99%8D%E4%BD%8E%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F-oom-%E7%9A%84%E9%A3%8E%E9%99%A9" aria-label="优化内存管理模块降低系统 oom 的风险 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>优化内存管理模块，降低系统 OOM 的风险</h3><p>跟踪统计聚合函数的内存使用情况，系统默认开启该功能，开启后带有聚合函数的 SQL 语句在执行时，如果当前查询内存总的使用量超过 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/tidb-configuration-file#mem-quota-query"><code>mem-quota-query</code></a> 阈值时，系统自动采用 <a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/tidb-configuration-file#oom-action"><code>oom-action</code></a> 定义的相应操作。</p><h3 id="提升系统在发生网络分区时的可用性" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%9C%A8%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%AF%E7%94%A8%E6%80%A7" aria-label="提升系统在发生网络分区时的可用性 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>提升系统在发生网络分区时的可用性</h3><h2 id="数据迁移" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%BF%81%E7%A7%BB" aria-label="数据迁移 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>数据迁移</h2><h3 id="从-s3aurora-数据迁移到-tidb" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BB%8E-s3aurora-%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%BF%81%E7%A7%BB%E5%88%B0-tidb" aria-label="从 s3aurora 数据迁移到 tidb permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>从 S3/Aurora 数据迁移到 TiDB</h3><p>数据迁移类工具支持 Amazon S3（也包含支持 S3 协议的其他存储服务）作为数据迁移的中间转存介质，同时支持将 Aurora 快照数据直接初始化 TiDB 中，丰富了数据从 Amazon S3/Aurora 迁移到 TiDB 的选择。</p><p>该功能使用方法可以参照以下文档：</p><ul><li><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/dumpling-overview#导出到-amazon-s3-云盘">将 MySQL/Aurora 数据导出到 Amazon S3</a>，<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/dumpling/issues/8" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#8</a></li><li><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/migrate-from-aurora-using-lightning">从 Amazon S3 将 Aurora Snapshot 数据初始化到 TiDB</a>，<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb-lightning/issues/266" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#266</a></li></ul><h3 id="tidb-cloud-数据导入性能优化" style="position:relative"><a href="#tidb-cloud-%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AF%BC%E5%85%A5%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96" aria-label="tidb cloud 数据导入性能优化 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>TiDB Cloud 数据导入性能优化</h3><p>数据导入工具 TiDB Lightning 针对 TiDB Cloud AWS T1.standard 配置（及其等同配置）的 TiDB 集群进行了数据导入性能优化，测试结果显式使用 TiDB Lightning 导入 1TB TPC-C 数据到 TiDB，性能提升了 40%，由 254 GiB/h 提升到了 366 GiB/h。</p><h2 id="tidb-数据共享订阅" style="position:relative"><a href="#tidb-%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%AE%A2%E9%98%85" aria-label="tidb 数据共享订阅 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>TiDB 数据共享订阅</h2><h3 id="ticdc-集成第三方生态-kafka-connect-confluent-platform实验特性" style="position:relative"><a href="#ticdc-%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81-kafka-connect-confluent-platform%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7" aria-label="ticdc 集成第三方生态 kafka connect confluent platform实验特性 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>TiCDC 集成第三方生态 Kafka Connect (Confluent Platform)（<strong>实验特性</strong>）</h3><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/integrate-confluent-using-ticdc">用户文档</a>，<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tiflow/issues/660" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#660</a></p><p>为满足将 TiDB 的数据流转到其他系统以支持相关的业务需求，该功能可以把 TiDB 数据流转到 Kafka、Hadoop、Oracle 等系统。</p><p>Confluent 平台提供的 kafka connectors 协议支持向不同协议关系型或非关系型数据库传输数据，在社区被广泛使用。TiDB 通过 TiCDC 集成到 Confluent 平台的 Kafka Connect，扩展了 TiDB 数据流转到其他异构数据库或者系统的能力。</p><h2 id="问题诊断" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD" aria-label="问题诊断 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>问题诊断</h2><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/sql-statement-explain#explain">用户文档</a></p><p>在排查 SQL 语句性能问题时，需要详细的信息来判断引起性能问题的原因。5.0 版本之前，<code>EXPLAIN</code> 收集的信息不够完善，DBA 只能通过日志信息、监控信息或者盲猜的方式来判断问题的原因，效率比较低。</p><p>5.0 版本中，通过以下几项优化提升排查问题的效率：</p><ul><li>支持对所有 DML 语句使用 <code>EXPLAIN ANALYZE</code> 语句以查看实际的执行计划及各个算子的执行详情。<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/18056" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#18056</a></li><li>支持对正在执行的 SQL 语句使用 <code>EXPLAIN FOR CONNECTION</code> 语句以查看实时执行状态，例如各个算子的执行时间、已处理的数据行数等。<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/18233" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#18233</a></li><li><code>EXPLAIN ANALYZE</code> 语句显示的算子执行详情中新增算子发送的 RPC 请求数、处理锁冲突耗时、网络延迟、RocksDB 已删除数据的扫描量、RocksDB 缓存命中情况等。<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/18663" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#18663</a></li><li>慢查询日志中自动记录 SQL 语句执行时的详细执行状态，输出的信息与 <code>EXPLAIN ANALYZE</code> 语句输出信息保持一致，例如各个算子消耗的时间、处理数据行数、发送的 RPC 请求数等。<a href="https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/15009" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">#15009</a></li></ul><h2 id="部署及运维" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E5%8F%8A%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4" aria-label="部署及运维 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>部署及运维</h2><h3 id="优化集群部署操作逻辑帮助-dba-更快地部署一套标准的-tidb-生产集群" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E5%B8%AE%E5%8A%A9-dba-%E6%9B%B4%E5%BF%AB%E5%9C%B0%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E4%B8%80%E5%A5%97%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%9A%84-tidb-%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4" aria-label="优化集群部署操作逻辑帮助 dba 更快地部署一套标准的 tidb 生产集群 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>优化集群部署操作逻辑，帮助 DBA 更快地部署一套标准的 TiDB 生产集群</h3><p><a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/production-deployment-using-tiup">用户文档</a></p><p>DBA 在使用 TiUP 部署 TiDB 集群过程发现环境初始化比较复杂、校验配置过多，集群拓扑文件比较难编辑等问题，导致 DBA 的部署效率比较低。5.0 版本通过以下几个事项提升 DBA 部署 TiDB 的效率：</p><ul><li>TiUP Cluster 支持使用 <code>check topo.yaml</code> 命令，进行更全面一键式环境检查并给出修复建议。</li><li>TiUP Cluster 支持使用 <code>check topo.yaml --apply</code> 命令，自动修复检查过程中发现的环境问题。</li><li>TiUP Cluster 支持 <code>template</code> 命令，获取集群拓扑模板文件，供 DBA 编辑且支持修改全局的节点参数。</li><li>TiUP 支持使用 <code>edit-config</code> 命令编辑 <code>remote_config</code> 参数配置远程 Prometheus。</li><li>TiUP 支持使用 <code>edit-config</code> 命令编辑 <code>external_alertmanagers</code> 参数配置不同的 AlertManager。</li><li>在 tiup-cluster 中使用 <code>edit-config</code> 子命令编辑拓扑文件时允许改变配置项值的数据类型。</li></ul><h3 id="提升升级稳定性" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%87%E5%8D%87%E7%BA%A7%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7" aria-label="提升升级稳定性 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>提升升级稳定性</h3><p>TiUP v1.4.0 版本以前，DBA 使用 tiup-cluster 升级 TiDB 集群时会导致 SQL 响应持续长时间抖动，PD 在线滚动升级期间集群 QPS 抖动时间维持在 10~30s。</p><p>TiUP v1.4.0 版本调整了逻辑，优化如下：</p><ul><li>升级 PD 时，会主动判断被重启的 PD 节点状态，确认就绪后再滚动升级下一个 PD 节点。</li><li>主动识别 PD 角色，先升级 follower 角色 PD 节点，最后再升级 PD Leader 节点。</li></ul><h3 id="优化升级时长" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%8D%87%E7%BA%A7%E6%97%B6%E9%95%BF" aria-label="优化升级时长 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>优化升级时长</h3><p>TiUP v1.4.0 版本以前，DBA 使用 tiup-cluster 升级 TiDB 集群时，对于节点数比较多的集群，整个升级的时间会持续很长，不能满足部分有升级时间窗口要求的用户。</p><p>从 v1.4.0 版本起，TiUP 进行了以下几处优化：</p><ul><li>新版本 TiUP 支持使用 <code>tiup cluster upgrade --offline</code> 子命令实现快速的离线升级。</li><li>对于使用滚动升级的用户，新版本 TiUP 默认会加速升级期间 Region Leader 的搬迁速度以减少滚动升级 TiKV 消耗的时间。</li><li>运行滚动升级前使用 <code>check</code> 子命令，对 Region 监控状态的检查，确保集群升级前状态正常以减少升级失败的概率。</li></ul><h3 id="支持断点功能" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E6%96%AD%E7%82%B9%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD" aria-label="支持断点功能 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>支持断点功能</h3><p>TiUP v1.4.0 版本以前，DBA 使用 tiup-cluster 升级 TiDB 集群时，如果命令执行中断，那么整个升级操作都需重新开始。</p><p>新版本 TiUP 支持使用 tiup-cluster <code>replay</code> 子命令从断点处重试失败的操作，以避免升级中断后所有操作重新执行。</p><h3 id="增强运维功能" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%A2%9E%E5%BC%BA%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD" aria-label="增强运维功能 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>增强运维功能</h3><p>新版本 TiUP 进一步强化了 TiDB 集群运维的功能：</p><ul><li>支持对已停机的 TiDB 和 DM 集群进行升级或 patch 操作，以适应更多用户的使用场景。</li><li>为 tiup-cluster 的 <code>display</code> 子命令添加 <code>--version</code> 参数用于获取集群版本。</li><li>在被缩容的节点中仅包含 Prometheus 时不执行更新监控配置的操作，以避免因 Prometheus 节点不存在而缩容失败</li><li>在使用 TiUP 命令输入结果不正确时将用户输入的内容添加到错误信息中，以便用户更快定位问题原因。</li></ul><h2 id="遥测" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E9%81%A5%E6%B5%8B" aria-label="遥测 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>遥测</h2><p>TiDB 在遥测中新增收集集群的使用指标，包括数据表数量、查询次数、新特性是否启用等。</p><p>若要了解所收集的信息详情及如何禁用该行为，请参见<a href="/zh/tidb/v5.3/telemetry">遥测</a>文档。</p></div></div><style data-emotion="css skmavs">.css-skmavs{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-skmavs"><style data-emotion="css j3rjqe">.css-j3rjqe{margin:0;font-size:2rem;font-weight:600;font-style:normal;font-family:"Poppins";line-height:3rem;color:#666666;color:#282a36;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:600;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji";line-height:1.25;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;padding-bottom:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #d8dee4;}</style><h2 class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-h2 css-j3rjqe">文档内容是否有帮助？</h2><style data-emotion="css n4khra">.css-n4khra{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;margin-bottom:48px;}.css-n4khra&gt;:not(style)+:not(style){margin:0;margin-left:16px;}</style><div class="css-n4khra"><style data-emotion="css 11j80f9">.css-11j80f9{background-color:#0ca6f2;box-shadow:none;}.css-11j80f9:hover{background-color:#0A85C2;box-shadow:0px 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16);}.css-11j80f9 .MuiButton-startIcon{margin-right:4px;}</style><style data-emotion="css 1tojuzz">.css-1tojuzz{text-transform:none;font-family:-apple-system,"Poppins","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif,"Noto Sans","Fira Code","IBM Plex Sans","sans-serif";font-weight:500;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.75;min-width:64px;padding:4px 10px;border-radius:4px;-webkit-transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;color:#fff;background-color:#1976d2;box-shadow:0px 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 2px 2px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 1px 5px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);background-color:#0ca6f2;box-shadow:none;}.css-1tojuzz:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:#1565c0;box-shadow:0px 2px 4px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 4px 5px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 1px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);}@media (hover: none){.css-1tojuzz:hover{background-color:#1976d2;}}.css-1tojuzz:active{box-shadow:0px 5px 5px -3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 8px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 3px 14px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);}.css-1tojuzz.Mui-focusVisible{box-shadow:0px 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 6px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 1px 18px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);}.css-1tojuzz.Mui-disabled{color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);box-shadow:none;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);}.css-1tojuzz:hover{background-color:#0A85C2;box-shadow:0px 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16);}.css-1tojuzz .MuiButton-startIcon{margin-right:4px;}</style><style data-emotion="css u3xqyc">.css-u3xqyc{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-transform:none;font-family:-apple-system,"Poppins","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif,"Noto Sans","Fira Code","IBM Plex Sans","sans-serif";font-weight:500;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.75;min-width:64px;padding:4px 10px;border-radius:4px;-webkit-transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;color:#fff;background-color:#1976d2;box-shadow:0px 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 2px 2px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 1px 5px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);background-color:#0ca6f2;box-shadow:none;}.css-u3xqyc::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-u3xqyc.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-u3xqyc{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-u3xqyc:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:#1565c0;box-shadow:0px 2px 4px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 4px 5px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 1px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);}@media (hover: none){.css-u3xqyc:hover{background-color:#1976d2;}}.css-u3xqyc:active{box-shadow:0px 5px 5px -3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 8px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 3px 14px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);}.css-u3xqyc.Mui-focusVisible{box-shadow:0px 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 6px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 1px 18px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);}.css-u3xqyc.Mui-disabled{color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);box-shadow:none;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);}.css-u3xqyc:hover{background-color:#0A85C2;box-shadow:0px 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16);}.css-u3xqyc .MuiButton-startIcon{margin-right:4px;}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-contained MuiButton-containedPrimary MuiButton-sizeSmall MuiButton-containedSizeSmall FeedbackBtn-thumbUp css-u3xqyc" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Thumb Up"><style data-emotion="css u0g51i">.css-u0g51i{display:inherit;margin-right:8px;margin-left:-2px;}.css-u0g51i&gt;*:nth-of-type(1){font-size:18px;}</style><span class="MuiButton-startIcon MuiButton-iconSizeSmall css-u0g51i"><style data-emotion="css 11aslls">.css-11aslls{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;width:14px;height:14px;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-11aslls" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ThumbUpOutlinedIcon"><path d="M9 21h9c.83 0 1.54-.5 1.84-1.22l3.02-7.05c.09-.23.14-.47.14-.73v-2c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2h-6.31l.95-4.57.03-.32c0-.41-.17-.79-.44-1.06L14.17 1 7.58 7.59C7.22 7.95 7 8.45 7 9v10c0 1.1.9 2 2 2zM9 9l4.34-4.34L12 10h9v2l-3 7H9V9zM1 9h4v12H1z"/></svg></span>是</button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-contained MuiButton-containedPrimary MuiButton-sizeSmall MuiButton-containedSizeSmall FeedbackBtn-thumbDown css-u3xqyc" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Thumb Down"><span class="MuiButton-startIcon MuiButton-iconSizeSmall css-u0g51i"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-11aslls" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ThumbDownOutlinedIcon"><path d="M15 3H6c-.83 0-1.54.5-1.84 1.22l-3.02 7.05c-.09.23-.14.47-.14.73v2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h6.31l-.95 4.57-.03.32c0 .41.17.79.44 1.06L9.83 23l6.59-6.59c.36-.36.58-.86.58-1.41V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 12-4.34 4.34L12 14H3v-2l3-7h9v10zm4-12h4v12h-4z"/></svg></span>否</button></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 11q09s7">.css-11q09s7{width:17.5rem;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-11q09s7{;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-11q09s7{display:block;}}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-11q09s7"><style data-emotion="css nljo0q">.css-nljo0q{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:5rem;height:100%;max-height:calc(100vh - 5rem);overflow-y:auto;padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-nljo0q"><style data-emotion="css 7gtni6">.css-7gtni6{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;padding:2rem 0.5rem 1rem 0.5rem;}.css-7gtni6&gt;:not(style)+:not(style){margin:0;margin-top:8px;}</style><div class="css-7gtni6"><style data-emotion="css w6413i">.css-w6413i{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;font-size:14px;line-height:1.25rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:0.25rem;}.css-w6413i:hover,.css-w6413i:focus,.css-w6413i:active{color:#0A85C2;}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-w6413i" href="https://download.pingcap.org/tidb-v5.3-zh-manual.pdf" target="_blank" icon="[object Object]" rel="noreferrer" download=""><style data-emotion="css 1dzhlmu">.css-1dzhlmu{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-1dzhlmu" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="SimCardDownloadIcon"><path d="M18 2h-8L4 8v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h12c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V4c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm-6 15-4-4h3V9.02L13 9v4h3l-4 4z"/></svg>下载 PDF</a><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-w6413i" href="https://github.com/pingcap/docs-cn/issues/new?body=File:%20[/release-5.3/releases/release-5.0.0.md](https://docs.pingcap.com/zh/tidb/v5.3/release-5.0.0)" target="_blank" icon="[object Object]" rel="noreferrer"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-1dzhlmu" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="GitHubIcon"><path d="M12 1.27a11 11 0 00-3.48 21.46c.55.09.73-.28.73-.55v-1.84c-3.03.64-3.67-1.46-3.67-1.46-.55-1.29-1.28-1.65-1.28-1.65-.92-.65.1-.65.1-.65 1.1 0 1.73 1.1 1.73 1.1.92 1.65 2.57 1.2 3.21.92a2 2 0 01.64-1.47c-2.47-.27-5.04-1.19-5.04-5.5 0-1.1.46-2.1 1.2-2.84a3.76 3.76 0 010-2.93s.91-.28 3.11 1.1c1.8-.49 3.7-.49 5.5 0 2.1-1.38 3.02-1.1 3.02-1.1a3.76 3.76 0 010 2.93c.83.74 1.2 1.74 1.2 2.94 0 4.21-2.57 5.13-5.04 5.4.45.37.82.92.82 2.02v3.03c0 .27.1.64.73.55A11 11 0 0012 1.27"/></svg>文档反馈</a><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-w6413i" href="https://asktug.com/?utm_source=doc" target="_blank" icon="[object Object]" rel="noreferrer"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-1dzhlmu" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="QuestionAnswerIcon"><path d="M21 6h-2v9H6v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1h11l4 4V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1zm-4 6V3c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H3c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v14l4-4h10c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z"/></svg>社区交流</a></div><style data-emotion="css nyz3gr">.css-nyz3gr{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:2rem;}</style><nav class="MuiBox-root css-nyz3gr" id="toc-container" aria-label="toc"><style data-emotion="css tucxab">.css-tucxab{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;color:#282a36;padding-left:0.5rem;font-family:Helvetica Neue;font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.25rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tucxab">本页导航</div><style data-emotion="css qoh4zo">.css-qoh4zo{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;list-style:none;padding:0px;}</style><ul class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-qoh4zo"><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><style data-emotion="css swx9es">.css-swx9es{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;font-size:14px;line-height:1.25rem;border-left:1px solid transparent;padding-left:0.5rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}.css-swx9es:hover{color:#999999;border-left:1px solid #999999;}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-swx9es" href="#兼容性变化">兼容性变化</a><ul class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-qoh4zo"><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><style data-emotion="css o4rcgq">.css-o4rcgq{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;font-size:14px;line-height:1.25rem;border-left:1px solid transparent;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}.css-o4rcgq:hover{color:#999999;border-left:1px solid #999999;}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#系统变量">系统变量</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#配置文件参数">配置文件参数</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#其他">其他</a></li></ul></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-swx9es" href="#新功能">新功能</a><ul class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-qoh4zo"><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#sql">SQL</a><ul class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-qoh4zo"><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><style data-emotion="css 18eqjoz">.css-18eqjoz{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;font-size:14px;line-height:1.25rem;border-left:1px solid transparent;padding-left:2.5rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}.css-18eqjoz:hover{color:#999999;border-left:1px solid #999999;}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-18eqjoz" href="#list-分区表-list-partition实验特性">List 分区表 (List Partition)（实验特性）</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-18eqjoz" href="#list-columns-分区表-list-columns-partition实验特性">List COLUMNS 分区表 (List COLUMNS Partition)（实验特性）</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-18eqjoz" href="#不可见索引-invisible-indexes">不可见索引 (Invisible Indexes)</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-18eqjoz" href="#except-和-intersect-操作符">EXCEPT 和 INTERSECT 操作符</a></li></ul></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#事务">事务</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#字符集和排序规则">字符集和排序规则</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#安全">安全</a></li></ul></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-swx9es" href="#性能优化">性能优化</a><ul class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-qoh4zo"><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#mpp-架构">MPP 架构</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#聚簇索引">聚簇索引</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#异步提交事务-async-commit">异步提交事务 (Async Commit)</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#默认开启-coprocessor-cache-功能">默认开启 Coprocessor cache 功能</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#提升-delete-from-table-where-id---limit--语句执行的性能">提升 delete from table where id &lt; ? limit ? 语句执行的性能</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#优化-load-base-切分策略解决部分小表热点读场景数据无法切分的性能问题">优化 load base 切分策略，解决部分小表热点读场景数据无法切分的性能问题</a></li></ul></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-swx9es" href="#稳定性提升">稳定性提升</a><ul class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-qoh4zo"><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#优化因调度功能不完善引起的性能抖动问题">优化因调度功能不完善引起的性能抖动问题</a><ul class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-qoh4zo"><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-18eqjoz" href="#引入新的调度算分公式减少不必要的调度减少因调度引起的性能抖动问题">引入新的调度算分公式，减少不必要的调度，减少因调度引起的性能抖动问题</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-18eqjoz" href="#默认开启跨表合并-region-功能">默认开启跨表合并 Region 功能</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-18eqjoz" href="#默认开启自动调整-compaction-压缩的速度平衡后台任务与前端的数据读写对-io-资源的争抢">默认开启自动调整 Compaction 压缩的速度，平衡后台任务与前端的数据读写对 I/O 资源的争抢</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-18eqjoz" href="#默认开启-gc-in-compaction-filter-功能减少-gc-对-cpuio-资源的占用">默认开启 GC in Compaction filter 功能，减少 GC 对 CPU、I/O 资源的占用</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-18eqjoz" href="#tiflash-限制压缩或整理数据占用-io-资源实验特性">TiFlash 限制压缩或整理数据占用 I/O 资源（实验特性）</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-18eqjoz" href="#增强检查调度约束的性能提升大集群中修复不健康-region-的性能">增强检查调度约束的性能，提升大集群中修复不健康 Region 的性能</a></li></ul></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#保证执行计划在最大程度保持不变避免性能抖动">保证执行计划在最大程度保持不变，避免性能抖动</a><ul class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-qoh4zo"><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-18eqjoz" href="#sql-binding-支持-insertreplaceupdatedelete-语句">SQL BINDING 支持 INSERT、REPLACE、UPDATE、DELETE 语句</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-18eqjoz" href="#自动捕获绑定执行计划">自动捕获、绑定执行计划</a></li></ul></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#tiflash-查询稳定性提升">TiFlash 查询稳定性提升</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#ticdc-稳定性提升缓解同步过多增量变更数据的-oom-问题">TiCDC 稳定性提升，缓解同步过多增量变更数据的 OOM 问题</a></li></ul></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-swx9es" href="#高可用和容灾">高可用和容灾</a><ul class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-qoh4zo"><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#提升-region-成员变更时的可用性">提升 Region 成员变更时的可用性</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#优化内存管理模块降低系统-oom-的风险">优化内存管理模块，降低系统 OOM 的风险</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#提升系统在发生网络分区时的可用性">提升系统在发生网络分区时的可用性</a></li></ul></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-swx9es" href="#数据迁移">数据迁移</a><ul class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-qoh4zo"><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#从-s3aurora-数据迁移到-tidb">从 S3/Aurora 数据迁移到 TiDB</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#tidb-cloud-数据导入性能优化">TiDB Cloud 数据导入性能优化</a></li></ul></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-swx9es" href="#tidb-数据共享订阅">TiDB 数据共享订阅</a><ul class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-qoh4zo"><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#ticdc-集成第三方生态-kafka-connect-confluent-platform实验特性">TiCDC 集成第三方生态 Kafka Connect (Confluent Platform)（实验特性）</a></li></ul></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-swx9es" href="#问题诊断">问题诊断</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-swx9es" href="#部署及运维">部署及运维</a><ul class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-qoh4zo"><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#优化集群部署操作逻辑帮助-dba-更快地部署一套标准的-tidb-生产集群">优化集群部署操作逻辑，帮助 DBA 更快地部署一套标准的 TiDB 生产集群</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#提升升级稳定性">提升升级稳定性</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#优化升级时长">优化升级时长</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#支持断点功能">支持断点功能</a></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-o4rcgq" href="#增强运维功能">增强运维功能</a></li></ul></li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-swx9es" href="#遥测">遥测</a></li></ul></nav></div></div><style data-emotion="css kpren5">.css-kpren5{padding:1rem;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-kpren5{;}}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-kpren5"><div class="MuiBox-root css-0"><style data-emotion="css 1ea16oy">.css-1ea16oy{text-transform:none;font-family:-apple-system,"Poppins","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif,"Noto Sans","Fira Code","IBM Plex Sans","sans-serif";font-weight:500;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.75;min-width:64px;padding:5px 15px;border-radius:4px;-webkit-transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;border:1px solid rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.5);color:#1976d2;width:100%;}.css-1ea16oy:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.04);border:1px solid #1976d2;}@media (hover: none){.css-1ea16oy:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1ea16oy.Mui-disabled{color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);border:1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);}</style><style data-emotion="css 1eluyo9">.css-1eluyo9{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-transform:none;font-family:-apple-system,"Poppins","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif,"Noto Sans","Fira Code","IBM Plex Sans","sans-serif";font-weight:500;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.75;min-width:64px;padding:5px 15px;border-radius:4px;-webkit-transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,box-shadow 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,border-color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms,color 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;border:1px solid rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.5);color:#1976d2;width:100%;}.css-1eluyo9::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-1eluyo9.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-1eluyo9{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-1eluyo9:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.04);border:1px solid #1976d2;}@media (hover: none){.css-1eluyo9:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1eluyo9.Mui-disabled{color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);border:1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary MuiButton-sizeMedium MuiButton-outlinedSizeMedium css-1eluyo9" tabindex="0" type="button" id="toc-mobile-button" aria-haspopup="true">本页导航<span class="MuiButton-endIcon MuiButton-iconSizeMedium css-1n4a93h"><style data-emotion="css vubbuv">.css-vubbuv{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="KeyboardArrowDownIcon"><path d="M7.41 8.59 12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"/></svg></span></button></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 18rapy9">.css-18rapy9{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;position:fixed;bottom:1rem;right:1rem;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-18rapy9"/></div></main></div></div><style data-emotion="css meijt3">.css-meijt3{background-color:#20222B;padding:3.5rem 0;}</style><footer class="MuiBox-root css-meijt3"><style data-emotion="css 1qsxih2">.css-1qsxih2{width:100%;margin-left:auto;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:auto;display:block;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1qsxih2{padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-1qsxih2{max-width:1200px;}}</style><div class="MuiContainer-root MuiContainer-maxWidthLg css-1qsxih2"><style data-emotion="css ha8tv0">.css-ha8tv0{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;row-gap:4rem;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-ha8tv0{-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}}@media (min-width:900px){.css-ha8tv0{-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;}}</style><div class="css-ha8tv0"><style data-emotion="css 1m5txad">.css-1m5txad{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:2rem;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-1m5txad{;}}@media (min-width:900px){.css-1m5txad{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}}</style><div class="css-1m5txad"><style data-emotion="css 1pmugoj">.css-1pmugoj{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;width:6.125rem;height:1.625rem;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-1pmugoj" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 98 26" fill="none"><path d="M39.8024 6.68462H38.2456V8.23794H39.8024V6.68462Z" fill="white"/><path d="M39.8024 10.1767H38.2456V19.6531H39.8024V10.1767Z" fill="white"/><path d="M45.8612 9.58899C45.2783 9.57411 44.6988 9.67987 44.1589 9.89959C43.6191 10.1193 43.1308 10.4482 42.7247 10.8656C42.3149 11.2856 41.9939 11.7834 41.7807 12.3295C41.5675 12.8756 41.4664 13.4589 41.4835 14.0448V19.6417H42.9886V13.9169C42.9819 13.5402 43.0543 13.1663 43.2012 12.8192C43.3482 12.4722 43.5663 12.1597 43.8416 11.9018C44.1029 11.6309 44.4167 11.4157 44.7638 11.2694C45.111 11.1231 45.4843 11.0487 45.8612 11.0507C46.2338 11.0465 46.6033 11.1191 46.9465 11.2639C47.2897 11.4087 47.5993 11.6226 47.8559 11.8923C48.1311 12.1509 48.35 12.4633 48.4991 12.8099C48.6481 13.1566 48.7241 13.5302 48.7222 13.9074V19.6417H50.2274V14.0448C50.2442 13.4571 50.1409 12.8722 49.9239 12.3257C49.7069 11.7791 49.3807 11.2823 48.9651 10.8656C48.565 10.4493 48.0824 10.1208 47.5479 9.90096C47.0135 9.68116 46.439 9.57491 45.8612 9.58899Z" fill="white"/><path d="M61.7596 18.7143V14.6459C61.7756 13.9638 61.6477 13.2859 61.3841 12.6564C61.1205 12.0268 60.7272 11.4596 60.2296 10.9916C59.7774 10.5253 59.2376 10.1525 58.6411 9.89442C58.0445 9.63633 57.4028 9.49802 56.7526 9.48739C56.1024 9.47676 55.4565 9.59401 54.8518 9.83245C54.247 10.0709 53.6953 10.4259 53.228 10.8771C53.1687 10.9343 53.1114 10.9935 53.054 11.0526C52.1288 12.0089 51.6213 13.2921 51.6426 14.6211C51.6367 15.3083 51.7691 15.9897 52.0319 16.6249C52.2947 17.2601 52.6826 17.8363 53.1726 18.3193C53.6426 18.8105 54.2127 19.1955 54.8445 19.4484C55.4763 19.7012 56.155 19.8159 56.835 19.7848C57.4825 19.769 58.1204 19.6247 58.7114 19.3603C59.3025 19.0959 59.8348 18.7167 60.2774 18.2448V18.8917M60.2774 18.8784C60.2792 19.3029 60.1895 19.7229 60.0143 20.1098C59.839 20.4967 59.5825 20.8414 59.2619 21.1206C58.947 21.4286 58.5743 21.6715 58.165 21.8353C57.7557 21.999 57.318 22.0804 56.877 22.0747C56.1126 22.0789 55.368 21.8321 54.758 21.3725C54.2743 21.0384 53.885 20.5856 53.6277 20.0577L52.4363 20.7466C52.735 21.3328 53.1594 21.8461 53.6794 22.2503C54.5478 22.9254 55.6137 23.2986 56.7145 23.3132H56.9402C58.1311 23.32 59.2863 22.9079 60.2029 22.1491C60.6874 21.7899 61.0799 21.3213 61.3481 20.7816C61.6163 20.242 61.7528 19.6467 61.7462 19.0444V18.7009M60.2488 14.7337C60.2385 15.6811 59.86 16.5876 59.1931 17.2621C58.8825 17.6017 58.5031 17.8716 58.0801 18.0539C57.6571 18.2362 57.2001 18.3266 56.7393 18.3193C56.267 18.3286 55.7979 18.24 55.3617 18.059C54.9255 17.878 54.5317 17.6086 54.2053 17.2678C53.5237 16.5954 53.1319 15.6842 53.1134 14.728C53.0948 13.7719 53.4509 12.8462 54.1059 12.148C54.4082 11.7918 54.7822 11.5029 55.2036 11.3001C55.625 11.0973 56.0843 10.985 56.5519 10.9706H56.7432C57.2041 10.9639 57.6609 11.0579 58.0815 11.2462C58.5021 11.4344 58.8763 11.7123 59.1778 12.0602C59.5361 12.4039 59.8168 12.8201 60.0008 13.2808C60.1849 13.7416 60.2681 14.2363 60.2449 14.7317L60.2488 14.7337Z" fill="white"/><path d="M73.3512 16.0866L73.3149 16.1362C72.8848 16.8154 72.2936 17.3784 71.5936 17.7754C70.8841 18.2096 70.0697 18.4431 69.2374 18.4509C67.87 18.4509 66.6651 17.9014 65.6726 16.8251C64.7087 15.7657 64.1956 14.3738 64.242 12.9437C64.2483 11.5757 64.773 10.2606 65.7108 9.26268C66.1382 8.77658 66.6651 8.38758 67.256 8.12193C67.8469 7.85627 68.488 7.72014 69.1361 7.72272C70.9434 7.70936 72.2974 8.44785 73.29 9.98782L73.3149 10.0393H73.3397L74.5063 9.31229C74.0185 8.49472 73.3596 7.79176 72.5747 7.25138C71.5806 6.59524 70.416 6.24307 69.224 6.23809C68.3844 6.21999 67.5505 6.38084 66.7781 6.70991C66.0057 7.03898 65.3126 7.52869 64.745 8.14635C63.5 9.42679 62.8631 11.0679 62.8631 13.0067C62.8348 14.8078 63.4994 16.5513 64.7201 17.8785C65.9499 19.2142 67.4416 19.8802 69.1495 19.8802H69.2107C71.4578 19.8306 73.3149 18.7353 74.4929 16.8003L73.3512 16.0866Z" fill="white"/><path d="M82.1104 6.43273H80.5211L74.5924 19.6417H76.4877L78.3179 15.2527L78.9586 13.8883L81.3435 8.29901L83.6786 13.8826H80.3298L79.7159 15.247H84.2198L86.0635 19.636H87.7331L82.1104 6.43273Z" fill="white"/><path d="M96.3947 7.63303C95.4904 6.83506 94.3158 6.41006 93.1091 6.44418H88.8098V19.6398H90.3646V14.4703V13.0811V7.87347H93.1435C93.8829 7.85905 94.6034 8.10726 95.1765 8.5738C95.4521 8.77883 95.6784 9.04265 95.8389 9.34604C95.9993 9.64943 96.0899 9.98473 96.104 10.3275C96.1399 10.7052 96.0833 11.0859 95.9391 11.437C95.7948 11.788 95.5672 12.0988 95.2759 12.3426C94.7187 12.8445 93.9895 13.1136 93.2391 13.0945H91.6135V14.4837H93.4839C94.5638 14.4995 95.6076 14.0958 96.3947 13.3578C96.7877 13.0165 97.103 12.5952 97.3194 12.1222C97.5358 11.6492 97.6483 11.1355 97.6493 10.6156C97.6813 10.056 97.5849 9.49648 97.3675 8.97963C97.1501 8.46277 96.8174 8.00222 96.3947 7.63303Z" fill="white"/><path d="M35.4611 7.63303C34.5559 6.8351 33.3808 6.41014 32.1735 6.44418H27.8819V19.6398H29.4386V14.4703V13.0811V7.87347H32.2232C32.9628 7.85788 33.6838 8.10622 34.2562 8.5738C34.5326 8.77806 34.7595 9.04172 34.9201 9.34527C35.0806 9.64882 35.1707 9.9845 35.1837 10.3275C35.2205 10.7053 35.1643 11.0863 35.02 11.4374C34.8756 11.7886 34.6476 12.0993 34.3556 12.3426C33.7975 12.848 33.0646 13.1176 32.3112 13.0945H30.6932V14.4837H32.5617C33.6423 14.4998 34.6868 14.096 35.4744 13.3578C35.8649 13.017 36.1782 12.5973 36.3939 12.1265C36.6095 11.6558 36.7224 11.1447 36.7252 10.6271C36.76 10.0646 36.664 9.50163 36.4447 8.98225C36.2254 8.46287 35.8888 8.00111 35.4611 7.63303Z" fill="white"/><path d="M45.9376 9.60044C45.3565 9.58541 44.7786 9.69114 44.2406 9.91092C43.7026 10.1307 43.2164 10.4597 42.8126 10.8771C42.403 11.2947 42.0819 11.7905 41.8687 12.3348C41.6554 12.879 41.5543 13.4606 41.5714 14.0448V19.6169H43.0766V13.9074C43.0699 13.5307 43.1423 13.1568 43.2892 12.8097C43.4361 12.4626 43.6542 12.1501 43.9295 11.8923C44.1906 11.621 44.5043 11.4056 44.8515 11.2593C45.1987 11.113 45.5722 11.0387 45.9491 11.0412C46.3208 11.0379 46.6891 11.1119 47.0305 11.2584C47.372 11.405 47.6791 11.6208 47.9324 11.8923C48.2076 12.1508 48.4264 12.4632 48.5752 12.8099C48.7239 13.1566 48.7994 13.5302 48.7968 13.9074V19.6169H50.3038V14.0448C50.3207 13.4605 50.2193 12.8788 50.0057 12.3345C49.7922 11.7903 49.4707 11.2946 49.0607 10.8771C48.6549 10.463 48.1685 10.1361 47.6315 9.9166C47.0944 9.69706 46.518 9.58946 45.9376 9.60044Z" fill="white"/><path d="M20.3582 4.0798L6.31671 0.0610093C6.1291 0.00562615 5.9324 -0.0123436 5.73783 0.00812623C5.54326 0.028596 5.35463 0.0871044 5.18272 0.180311C5.01082 0.273517 4.85899 0.399596 4.73592 0.551349C4.61284 0.703102 4.52093 0.877557 4.46543 1.06475C4.42506 1.19845 4.40445 1.3373 4.40423 1.47694V3.28978L2.65622 2.79172C2.43668 2.72681 2.20475 2.71529 1.97983 2.75811C1.75491 2.80094 1.54354 2.89687 1.36338 3.03789C1.17948 3.17495 1.03015 3.3529 0.927234 3.55762C0.824319 3.76233 0.770656 3.98817 0.770508 4.21719L0.770508 24.5249C0.772032 24.7498 0.824418 24.9714 0.923761 25.1733C1.0231 25.3752 1.16684 25.5521 1.34425 25.6908C1.60756 25.8896 1.92825 25.998 2.25842 25.9999C2.37094 25.9985 2.4828 25.9824 2.59119 25.9522L13.63 23.3227C13.9565 23.2518 14.2487 23.0711 14.4576 22.8109C14.6665 22.5507 14.7795 22.2268 14.7775 21.8934V16.264L20.3008 14.9282C20.6296 14.8562 20.9233 14.6731 21.1324 14.4099C21.3414 14.1467 21.453 13.8195 21.4483 13.4837V5.49572C21.4483 5.17286 21.3414 4.85904 21.1443 4.603C20.9472 4.34696 20.6708 4.16304 20.3582 4.0798ZM6.13503 16.8651C6.08029 16.8782 6.02258 16.8693 5.97438 16.8403C5.95046 16.8258 5.92969 16.8067 5.91327 16.7841C5.89685 16.7615 5.88511 16.7358 5.87875 16.7086C5.87684 16.6909 5.87684 16.673 5.87875 16.6552L5.85963 5.20567L13.0831 7.25132C13.154 7.2719 13.2163 7.31479 13.2607 7.37359C13.3052 7.4324 13.3294 7.50397 13.3298 7.57763V15.1343L6.13503 16.8651ZM5.86154 18.3574H5.88831C6.00362 18.3599 6.11875 18.3471 6.23065 18.3192L13.3298 16.6018V21.3724L13.3183 21.6548C13.3178 21.7314 13.2926 21.8058 13.2464 21.8669C13.2003 21.9281 13.1356 21.9728 13.062 21.9945L2.49174 24.4962C2.46455 24.5029 2.43629 24.5039 2.40867 24.4993C2.38105 24.4948 2.35466 24.4846 2.33109 24.4695C2.30718 24.455 2.28641 24.4359 2.26999 24.4133C2.25357 24.3907 2.24183 24.365 2.23547 24.3379C2.23356 24.3207 2.23356 24.3034 2.23547 24.2863V4.45C2.2344 4.39762 2.25373 4.34687 2.2894 4.30843C2.32507 4.26999 2.3743 4.24686 2.42672 4.24391C2.45024 4.24466 2.47348 4.24917 2.49557 4.25727L4.40805 4.79539V16.8842C4.40629 17.0767 4.44253 17.2676 4.51472 17.4461C4.5869 17.6245 4.69362 17.7871 4.82877 17.9244C4.96391 18.0618 5.12485 18.1712 5.30238 18.2464C5.47991 18.3217 5.67057 18.3614 5.86345 18.3631L5.86154 18.3574ZM13.7027 5.92699L5.86154 3.69433L5.84815 1.71738C5.84814 1.66034 5.87059 1.60557 5.91065 1.56489C5.95072 1.5242 6.00519 1.50084 6.06235 1.49984H6.12546L19.7232 5.37932C19.7972 5.40126 19.8617 5.44709 19.9067 5.50961C19.9517 5.57213 19.9746 5.64779 19.9718 5.72472L19.9833 13.2738C19.9879 13.3477 19.9655 13.4208 19.9201 13.4795C19.8747 13.5381 19.8095 13.5782 19.7366 13.5925L14.7699 14.787V7.35818C14.7696 7.03703 14.6652 6.72459 14.4721 6.46763C14.2791 6.21067 14.0078 6.023 13.6989 5.93272L13.7027 5.92699Z" fill="white"/></svg><style data-emotion="css 151f6uh">.css-151f6uh{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-151f6uh{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;gap:1rem;}}@media (min-width:900px){.css-151f6uh{-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:0;}}</style><div class="css-151f6uh"><style data-emotion="css 1odbrpm">.css-1odbrpm{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;color:#e5e5e5;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;}.css-1odbrpm&gt;:not(style)+:not(style){margin:0;margin-left:16px;}</style><div class="css-1odbrpm"><style data-emotion="css s0h87z">.css-s0h87z{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;color:inherit;}.css-s0h87z:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-s0h87z:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-s0h87z.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><style data-emotion="css 1deacqj">.css-1deacqj{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;color:inherit;}.css-1deacqj::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-1deacqj.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-1deacqj{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-1deacqj:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-1deacqj:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1deacqj.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="github" href="https://github.com/pingcap" target="_blank"><style data-emotion="css vubbuv">.css-vubbuv{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="GitHubIcon"><path d="M12 1.27a11 11 0 00-3.48 21.46c.55.09.73-.28.73-.55v-1.84c-3.03.64-3.67-1.46-3.67-1.46-.55-1.29-1.28-1.65-1.28-1.65-.92-.65.1-.65.1-.65 1.1 0 1.73 1.1 1.73 1.1.92 1.65 2.57 1.2 3.21.92a2 2 0 01.64-1.47c-2.47-.27-5.04-1.19-5.04-5.5 0-1.1.46-2.1 1.2-2.84a3.76 3.76 0 010-2.93s.91-.28 3.11 1.1c1.8-.49 3.7-.49 5.5 0 2.1-1.38 3.02-1.1 3.02-1.1a3.76 3.76 0 010 2.93c.83.74 1.2 1.74 1.2 2.94 0 4.21-2.57 5.13-5.04 5.4.45.37.82.92.82 2.02v3.03c0 .27.1.64.73.55A11 11 0 0012 1.27"/></svg></a><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="asktug" href="https://asktug.com/" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 40 40"><g xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="组 4428" fill="currentColor"><g data-name="组 4427"><path d="m11.261 20.637-.172-.172.007.008-.007-.007-.074.068v.044l-.022-.024-.109.109-.043.681.174-.175v.008l.4-.4-.145-.146Z" data-name="路径 13710" transform="translate(-1539 -1382) translate(149 -167) translate(-14 2.909) translate(1415.989 1553.091)"/><path d="M20.011 8.611a8.61 8.61 0 0 0-14.78-6.006L2.695 5.147c-.112.1-.22.211-.321.315L-.001 7.849l.306.33a8.189 8.189 0 0 1 1.772-1.155l.035-.017 1.2-1.2a7.709 7.709 0 0 1 11.02 10.757L13 17.901l-.016.034a8.182 8.182 0 0 1-1.294 1.931l.327.309 2.4-2.4c.2-.183.395-.385.576-.59l2.041-2.05a8.7 8.7 0 0 0 .913-.916l.346-.348-.034-.039a8.641 8.641 0 0 0 1.752-5.221Zm-2.841 2.841A8.627 8.627 0 0 0 5.83 3.279l.042-.042a7.71 7.71 0 0 1 11.449 10.312l-.055.065a7.917 7.917 0 0 1-.551.581 8.622 8.622 0 0 0 .455-2.744Z" data-name="路径 13711" transform="translate(-1539 -1382) translate(149 -167) translate(-14 2.909) translate(1415.989 1553.091)"/></g><path d="M1421.629 1558.829a8.629 8.629 0 0 0-2.129 16.992v5.932l7.775-7.775a8.628 8.628 0 0 0-5.651-15.148Zm-.011 5.995v7.883l-2.266-1.307v-5.269l-2.267 1.309v-2.617l4.533-2.617 2.266 1.308Zm4.554 5.26-2.275 1.313v-5.247l2.275-1.315Z" data-name="路径 13712" transform="translate(-1539 -1382) translate(149 -167) translate(-14 2.909)"/></g></svg></a><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/PingCAP" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="TwitterIcon"><path d="M22.46 6c-.77.35-1.6.58-2.46.69.88-.53 1.56-1.37 1.88-2.38-.83.5-1.75.85-2.72 1.05C18.37 4.5 17.26 4 16 4c-2.35 0-4.27 1.92-4.27 4.29 0 .34.04.67.11.98C8.28 9.09 5.11 7.38 3 4.79c-.37.63-.58 1.37-.58 2.15 0 1.49.75 2.81 1.91 3.56-.71 0-1.37-.2-1.95-.5v.03c0 2.08 1.48 3.82 3.44 4.21a4.22 4.22 0 0 1-1.93.07 4.28 4.28 0 0 0 4 2.98 8.521 8.521 0 0 1-5.33 1.84c-.34 0-.68-.02-1.02-.06C3.44 20.29 5.7 21 8.12 21 16 21 20.33 14.46 20.33 8.79c0-.19 0-.37-.01-.56.84-.6 1.56-1.36 2.14-2.23z"/></svg></a></div><div class="css-1odbrpm"><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="facebook" href="https://facebook.com/pingcap2015" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="FacebookIcon"><path d="M5 3h14a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2m13 2h-2.5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 12 8.5V11h-2v3h2v7h3v-7h3v-3h-3V9a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h2V5z"/></svg></a><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="linkedin" href="https://linkedin.com/company/pingcap" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="LinkedInIcon"><path d="M19 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h14m-.5 15.5v-5.3a3.26 3.26 0 0 0-3.26-3.26c-.85 0-1.84.52-2.32 1.3v-1.11h-2.79v8.37h2.79v-4.93c0-.77.62-1.4 1.39-1.4a1.4 1.4 0 0 1 1.4 1.4v4.93h2.79M6.88 8.56a1.68 1.68 0 0 0 1.68-1.68c0-.93-.75-1.69-1.68-1.69a1.69 1.69 0 0 0-1.69 1.69c0 .93.76 1.68 1.69 1.68m1.39 9.94v-8.37H5.5v8.37h2.77z"/></svg></a><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="slack" href="https://slack.tidb.io/invite?team=tidb-community&amp;channel=everyone&amp;ref=pingcap-docs" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M6 15a2 2 0 0 1-2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2v2m1 0a2 2 0 0 1 2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5m2-8a2 2 0 0 1-2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2H9m0 1a2 2 0 0 1 2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h5m8 2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2v-2m-1 0a2 2 0 0 1-2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5m-2 8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2h2m0-1a2 2 0 0 1-2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-5Z"/></svg></a></div><div class="css-1odbrpm"><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="youtube" href="https://youtube.com/channel/UCuq4puT32DzHKT5rU1IZpIA" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="YouTubeIcon"><path d="M10 15l5.19-3L10 9v6m11.56-7.83c.13.47.22 1.1.28 1.9.07.8.1 1.49.1 2.09L22 12c0 2.19-.16 3.8-.44 4.83-.25.9-.83 1.48-1.73 1.73-.47.13-1.33.22-2.65.28-1.3.07-2.49.1-3.59.1L12 19c-4.19 0-6.8-.16-7.83-.44-.9-.25-1.48-.83-1.73-1.73-.13-.47-.22-1.1-.28-1.9-.07-.8-.1-1.49-.1-2.09L2 12c0-2.19.16-3.8.44-4.83.25-.9.83-1.48 1.73-1.73.47-.13 1.33-.22 2.65-.28 1.3-.07 2.49-.1 3.59-.1L12 5c4.19 0 6.8.16 7.83.44.9.25 1.48.83 1.73 1.73z"/></svg></a><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="stackOverflow" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/tidb" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.372 20.222v-5.358h1.79V22H4v-7.136h1.79v5.358h12.582Z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="m7.768 14.356l8.79 1.824l.372-1.755L8.14 12.6l-.372 1.756Zm1.162-4.157l8.14 3.764l.744-1.617l-8.14-3.787l-.744 1.64Zm2.256-3.973l6.907 5.705l1.14-1.363l-6.907-5.704l-1.14 1.362ZM15.651 2L14.21 3.062l5.35 7.16L21 9.159L15.651 2Zm-8.07 16.42h8.977v-1.778H7.581v1.778Z"/></svg></a><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="discord" href="https://discord.gg/DQZ2dy3cuc?utm_source=doc" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18.9419 5.26946C17.6279 4.66787 16.2407 4.24108 14.8158 4C14.6208 4.34857 14.4443 4.70721 14.2872 5.0744C12.7694 4.84568 11.2258 4.84568 9.70801 5.0744C9.55079 4.70725 9.37437 4.34861 9.17946 4C7.75361 4.24312 6.3655 4.67092 5.05016 5.27261C2.43887 9.13606 1.73099 12.9036 2.08493 16.6176C3.61417 17.7474 5.32582 18.6067 7.14548 19.1581C7.55522 18.607 7.91778 18.0224 8.22933 17.4104C7.63759 17.1894 7.06646 16.9167 6.52255 16.5955C6.6657 16.4917 6.8057 16.3847 6.94098 16.2809C8.52364 17.0252 10.251 17.4111 12 17.4111C13.7489 17.4111 15.4763 17.0252 17.0589 16.2809C17.1958 16.3926 17.3358 16.4996 17.4774 16.5955C16.9324 16.9172 16.3602 17.1904 15.7675 17.412C16.0786 18.0236 16.4412 18.6078 16.8513 19.1581C18.6725 18.6089 20.3855 17.75 21.915 16.6191C22.3303 12.3121 21.2055 8.57919 18.9419 5.26946ZM8.67765 14.3335C7.69134 14.3335 6.87649 13.4384 6.87649 12.3372C6.87649 11.2361 7.66302 10.3332 8.6745 10.3332C9.68598 10.3332 10.4945 11.2361 10.4772 12.3372C10.4599 13.4384 9.68284 14.3335 8.67765 14.3335ZM15.3223 14.3335C14.3344 14.3335 13.5227 13.4384 13.5227 12.3372C13.5227 11.2361 14.3092 10.3332 15.3223 10.3332C16.3353 10.3332 17.1376 11.2361 17.1203 12.3372C17.103 13.4384 16.3275 14.3335 15.3223 14.3335Z" fill="white"/></svg></a></div><div class="css-1odbrpm"><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="reddit" href="https://reddit.com/r/TiDB/" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="RedditIcon"><path d="M22 12.14a2.19 2.19 0 0 0-3.71-1.57 10.93 10.93 0 0 0-5.86-1.87l1-4.7 3.27.71a1.56 1.56 0 1 0 .16-.76l-3.64-.77c-.11-.02-.22 0-.29.06-.09.05-.14.14-.16.26l-1.11 5.22c-2.33.07-4.43.78-5.95 1.86A2.2 2.2 0 0 0 4.19 10a2.16 2.16 0 0 0-.9 4.15 3.6 3.6 0 0 0-.05.66c0 3.37 3.92 6.12 8.76 6.12s8.76-2.73 8.76-6.12c0-.21-.01-.44-.05-.66A2.21 2.21 0 0 0 22 12.14M7 13.7c0-.86.68-1.56 1.54-1.56s1.56.7 1.56 1.56a1.56 1.56 0 0 1-1.56 1.56c-.86.02-1.54-.7-1.54-1.56m8.71 4.14C14.63 18.92 12.59 19 12 19c-.61 0-2.65-.1-3.71-1.16a.4.4 0 0 1 0-.57.4.4 0 0 1 .57 0c.68.68 2.14.91 3.14.91s2.47-.23 3.14-.91a.4.4 0 0 1 .57 0c.14.16.14.41 0 .57m-.29-2.56c-.86 0-1.56-.7-1.56-1.56a1.56 1.56 0 0 1 1.56-1.56c.86 0 1.58.7 1.58 1.56a1.6 1.6 0 0 1-1.58 1.56z"/></svg></a></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1yi9cru">.css-1yi9cru{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:0.75rem;min-width:6.75rem;}</style><div class="css-1yi9cru"><style data-emotion="css u73tmc">.css-u73tmc{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;color:#7E7F86;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-u73tmc">产品</div><style data-emotion="css 1q3grm8">.css-1q3grm8{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1q3grm8" target="_blank" href="https://cn.pingcap.com/product/#SelectProduct" style="text-decoration:none"><style data-emotion="css rmfl9z">.css-rmfl9z{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;color:#e5e5e5;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">TiDB</div></a><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1q3grm8" target="_blank" href="https://www.pingcap.com/tidb-cloud" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">TiDB Cloud</div></a></div><div class="css-1yi9cru"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-u73tmc">生态</div><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1q3grm8" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/tikv/tikv" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">TiKV</div></a><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1q3grm8" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/pingcap/tiflash" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">TiFlash</div></a><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1q3grm8" target="_blank" href="https://ossinsight.io/" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">OSS Insight</div></a></div><div class="css-1yi9cru"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-u73tmc">资源</div><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1q3grm8" target="_blank" href="https://docs.pingcap.com/zh/tidb/dev/tidb-roadmap" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">TiDB 路线图</div></a><a style="text-decoration:none" sx="[object Object]" hreflang="zh" href="/zh/tidb/stable/faq-overview"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">常见问题解答</div></a><a style="text-decoration:none" sx="[object Object]" hreflang="zh" href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-overview"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">开发者手册</div></a><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1q3grm8" target="_blank" href="https://cn.pingcap.com/blog/" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">博客</div></a><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1q3grm8" target="_blank" href="https://cn.pingcap.com/education/" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">Education</div></a></div><div class="css-1yi9cru"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-u73tmc">支持</div><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1q3grm8" target="_blank" href="https://asktug.com" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">社区</div></a><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1q3grm8" target="_blank" href="https://cn.pingcap.com/contact/" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">联系我们</div></a></div><div class="css-1yi9cru"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-u73tmc">公司</div><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1q3grm8" target="_blank" href="https://cn.pingcap.com/about-us?tab=companyOverview" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">关于我们</div></a><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1q3grm8" target="_blank" href="https://careers.pingcap.com" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">招贤纳士</div></a><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1q3grm8" target="_blank" href="https://cn.pingcap.com/about-us?tab=news" style="text-decoration:none"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-rmfl9z">新闻报道</div></a></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1207o6v">.css-1207o6v{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-top:4.5rem;gap:2.5rem;}@media (min-width:900px){.css-1207o6v{;}}</style><div class="css-1207o6v"><div class="css-151f6uh"><div class="css-1odbrpm"><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="github" href="https://github.com/pingcap" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="GitHubIcon"><path d="M12 1.27a11 11 0 00-3.48 21.46c.55.09.73-.28.73-.55v-1.84c-3.03.64-3.67-1.46-3.67-1.46-.55-1.29-1.28-1.65-1.28-1.65-.92-.65.1-.65.1-.65 1.1 0 1.73 1.1 1.73 1.1.92 1.65 2.57 1.2 3.21.92a2 2 0 01.64-1.47c-2.47-.27-5.04-1.19-5.04-5.5 0-1.1.46-2.1 1.2-2.84a3.76 3.76 0 010-2.93s.91-.28 3.11 1.1c1.8-.49 3.7-.49 5.5 0 2.1-1.38 3.02-1.1 3.02-1.1a3.76 3.76 0 010 2.93c.83.74 1.2 1.74 1.2 2.94 0 4.21-2.57 5.13-5.04 5.4.45.37.82.92.82 2.02v3.03c0 .27.1.64.73.55A11 11 0 0012 1.27"/></svg></a><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="asktug" href="https://asktug.com/" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 40 40"><g xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="组 4428" fill="currentColor"><g data-name="组 4427"><path d="m11.261 20.637-.172-.172.007.008-.007-.007-.074.068v.044l-.022-.024-.109.109-.043.681.174-.175v.008l.4-.4-.145-.146Z" data-name="路径 13710" transform="translate(-1539 -1382) translate(149 -167) translate(-14 2.909) translate(1415.989 1553.091)"/><path d="M20.011 8.611a8.61 8.61 0 0 0-14.78-6.006L2.695 5.147c-.112.1-.22.211-.321.315L-.001 7.849l.306.33a8.189 8.189 0 0 1 1.772-1.155l.035-.017 1.2-1.2a7.709 7.709 0 0 1 11.02 10.757L13 17.901l-.016.034a8.182 8.182 0 0 1-1.294 1.931l.327.309 2.4-2.4c.2-.183.395-.385.576-.59l2.041-2.05a8.7 8.7 0 0 0 .913-.916l.346-.348-.034-.039a8.641 8.641 0 0 0 1.752-5.221Zm-2.841 2.841A8.627 8.627 0 0 0 5.83 3.279l.042-.042a7.71 7.71 0 0 1 11.449 10.312l-.055.065a7.917 7.917 0 0 1-.551.581 8.622 8.622 0 0 0 .455-2.744Z" data-name="路径 13711" transform="translate(-1539 -1382) translate(149 -167) translate(-14 2.909) translate(1415.989 1553.091)"/></g><path d="M1421.629 1558.829a8.629 8.629 0 0 0-2.129 16.992v5.932l7.775-7.775a8.628 8.628 0 0 0-5.651-15.148Zm-.011 5.995v7.883l-2.266-1.307v-5.269l-2.267 1.309v-2.617l4.533-2.617 2.266 1.308Zm4.554 5.26-2.275 1.313v-5.247l2.275-1.315Z" data-name="路径 13712" transform="translate(-1539 -1382) translate(149 -167) translate(-14 2.909)"/></g></svg></a><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/PingCAP" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="TwitterIcon"><path d="M22.46 6c-.77.35-1.6.58-2.46.69.88-.53 1.56-1.37 1.88-2.38-.83.5-1.75.85-2.72 1.05C18.37 4.5 17.26 4 16 4c-2.35 0-4.27 1.92-4.27 4.29 0 .34.04.67.11.98C8.28 9.09 5.11 7.38 3 4.79c-.37.63-.58 1.37-.58 2.15 0 1.49.75 2.81 1.91 3.56-.71 0-1.37-.2-1.95-.5v.03c0 2.08 1.48 3.82 3.44 4.21a4.22 4.22 0 0 1-1.93.07 4.28 4.28 0 0 0 4 2.98 8.521 8.521 0 0 1-5.33 1.84c-.34 0-.68-.02-1.02-.06C3.44 20.29 5.7 21 8.12 21 16 21 20.33 14.46 20.33 8.79c0-.19 0-.37-.01-.56.84-.6 1.56-1.36 2.14-2.23z"/></svg></a></div><div class="css-1odbrpm"><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="facebook" href="https://facebook.com/pingcap2015" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="FacebookIcon"><path d="M5 3h14a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2m13 2h-2.5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 12 8.5V11h-2v3h2v7h3v-7h3v-3h-3V9a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h2V5z"/></svg></a><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="linkedin" href="https://linkedin.com/company/pingcap" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="LinkedInIcon"><path d="M19 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h14m-.5 15.5v-5.3a3.26 3.26 0 0 0-3.26-3.26c-.85 0-1.84.52-2.32 1.3v-1.11h-2.79v8.37h2.79v-4.93c0-.77.62-1.4 1.39-1.4a1.4 1.4 0 0 1 1.4 1.4v4.93h2.79M6.88 8.56a1.68 1.68 0 0 0 1.68-1.68c0-.93-.75-1.69-1.68-1.69a1.69 1.69 0 0 0-1.69 1.69c0 .93.76 1.68 1.69 1.68m1.39 9.94v-8.37H5.5v8.37h2.77z"/></svg></a><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="slack" href="https://slack.tidb.io/invite?team=tidb-community&amp;channel=everyone&amp;ref=pingcap-docs" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M6 15a2 2 0 0 1-2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2v2m1 0a2 2 0 0 1 2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5m2-8a2 2 0 0 1-2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2H9m0 1a2 2 0 0 1 2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h5m8 2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2v-2m-1 0a2 2 0 0 1-2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5m-2 8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2h2m0-1a2 2 0 0 1-2-2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-5Z"/></svg></a></div><div class="css-1odbrpm"><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="youtube" href="https://youtube.com/channel/UCuq4puT32DzHKT5rU1IZpIA" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="YouTubeIcon"><path d="M10 15l5.19-3L10 9v6m11.56-7.83c.13.47.22 1.1.28 1.9.07.8.1 1.49.1 2.09L22 12c0 2.19-.16 3.8-.44 4.83-.25.9-.83 1.48-1.73 1.73-.47.13-1.33.22-2.65.28-1.3.07-2.49.1-3.59.1L12 19c-4.19 0-6.8-.16-7.83-.44-.9-.25-1.48-.83-1.73-1.73-.13-.47-.22-1.1-.28-1.9-.07-.8-.1-1.49-.1-2.09L2 12c0-2.19.16-3.8.44-4.83.25-.9.83-1.48 1.73-1.73.47-.13 1.33-.22 2.65-.28 1.3-.07 2.49-.1 3.59-.1L12 5c4.19 0 6.8.16 7.83.44.9.25 1.48.83 1.73 1.73z"/></svg></a><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="stackOverflow" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/tidb" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.372 20.222v-5.358h1.79V22H4v-7.136h1.79v5.358h12.582Z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="m7.768 14.356l8.79 1.824l.372-1.755L8.14 12.6l-.372 1.756Zm1.162-4.157l8.14 3.764l.744-1.617l-8.14-3.787l-.744 1.64Zm2.256-3.973l6.907 5.705l1.14-1.363l-6.907-5.704l-1.14 1.362ZM15.651 2L14.21 3.062l5.35 7.16L21 9.159L15.651 2Zm-8.07 16.42h8.977v-1.778H7.581v1.778Z"/></svg></a><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="discord" href="https://discord.gg/DQZ2dy3cuc?utm_source=doc" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18.9419 5.26946C17.6279 4.66787 16.2407 4.24108 14.8158 4C14.6208 4.34857 14.4443 4.70721 14.2872 5.0744C12.7694 4.84568 11.2258 4.84568 9.70801 5.0744C9.55079 4.70725 9.37437 4.34861 9.17946 4C7.75361 4.24312 6.3655 4.67092 5.05016 5.27261C2.43887 9.13606 1.73099 12.9036 2.08493 16.6176C3.61417 17.7474 5.32582 18.6067 7.14548 19.1581C7.55522 18.607 7.91778 18.0224 8.22933 17.4104C7.63759 17.1894 7.06646 16.9167 6.52255 16.5955C6.6657 16.4917 6.8057 16.3847 6.94098 16.2809C8.52364 17.0252 10.251 17.4111 12 17.4111C13.7489 17.4111 15.4763 17.0252 17.0589 16.2809C17.1958 16.3926 17.3358 16.4996 17.4774 16.5955C16.9324 16.9172 16.3602 17.1904 15.7675 17.412C16.0786 18.0236 16.4412 18.6078 16.8513 19.1581C18.6725 18.6089 20.3855 17.75 21.915 16.6191C22.3303 12.3121 21.2055 8.57919 18.9419 5.26946ZM8.67765 14.3335C7.69134 14.3335 6.87649 13.4384 6.87649 12.3372C6.87649 11.2361 7.66302 10.3332 8.6745 10.3332C9.68598 10.3332 10.4945 11.2361 10.4772 12.3372C10.4599 13.4384 9.68284 14.3335 8.67765 14.3335ZM15.3223 14.3335C14.3344 14.3335 13.5227 13.4384 13.5227 12.3372C13.5227 11.2361 14.3092 10.3332 15.3223 10.3332C16.3353 10.3332 17.1376 11.2361 17.1203 12.3372C17.103 13.4384 16.3275 14.3335 15.3223 14.3335Z" fill="white"/></svg></a></div><div class="css-1odbrpm"><a class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-colorInherit MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1deacqj" tabindex="0" aria-label="reddit" href="https://reddit.com/r/TiDB/" target="_blank"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-vubbuv" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="RedditIcon"><path d="M22 12.14a2.19 2.19 0 0 0-3.71-1.57 10.93 10.93 0 0 0-5.86-1.87l1-4.7 3.27.71a1.56 1.56 0 1 0 .16-.76l-3.64-.77c-.11-.02-.22 0-.29.06-.09.05-.14.14-.16.26l-1.11 5.22c-2.33.07-4.43.78-5.95 1.86A2.2 2.2 0 0 0 4.19 10a2.16 2.16 0 0 0-.9 4.15 3.6 3.6 0 0 0-.05.66c0 3.37 3.92 6.12 8.76 6.12s8.76-2.73 8.76-6.12c0-.21-.01-.44-.05-.66A2.21 2.21 0 0 0 22 12.14M7 13.7c0-.86.68-1.56 1.54-1.56s1.56.7 1.56 1.56a1.56 1.56 0 0 1-1.56 1.56c-.86.02-1.54-.7-1.54-1.56m8.71 4.14C14.63 18.92 12.59 19 12 19c-.61 0-2.65-.1-3.71-1.16a.4.4 0 0 1 0-.57.4.4 0 0 1 .57 0c.68.68 2.14.91 3.14.91s2.47-.23 3.14-.91a.4.4 0 0 1 .57 0c.14.16.14.41 0 .57m-.29-2.56c-.86 0-1.56-.7-1.56-1.56a1.56 1.56 0 0 1 1.56-1.56c.86 0 1.58.7 1.58 1.56a1.6 1.6 0 0 1-1.58 1.56z"/></svg></a></div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-1pmugoj" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 98 26" fill="none"><path d="M39.8024 6.68462H38.2456V8.23794H39.8024V6.68462Z" fill="white"/><path d="M39.8024 10.1767H38.2456V19.6531H39.8024V10.1767Z" fill="white"/><path d="M45.8612 9.58899C45.2783 9.57411 44.6988 9.67987 44.1589 9.89959C43.6191 10.1193 43.1308 10.4482 42.7247 10.8656C42.3149 11.2856 41.9939 11.7834 41.7807 12.3295C41.5675 12.8756 41.4664 13.4589 41.4835 14.0448V19.6417H42.9886V13.9169C42.9819 13.5402 43.0543 13.1663 43.2012 12.8192C43.3482 12.4722 43.5663 12.1597 43.8416 11.9018C44.1029 11.6309 44.4167 11.4157 44.7638 11.2694C45.111 11.1231 45.4843 11.0487 45.8612 11.0507C46.2338 11.0465 46.6033 11.1191 46.9465 11.2639C47.2897 11.4087 47.5993 11.6226 47.8559 11.8923C48.1311 12.1509 48.35 12.4633 48.4991 12.8099C48.6481 13.1566 48.7241 13.5302 48.7222 13.9074V19.6417H50.2274V14.0448C50.2442 13.4571 50.1409 12.8722 49.9239 12.3257C49.7069 11.7791 49.3807 11.2823 48.9651 10.8656C48.565 10.4493 48.0824 10.1208 47.5479 9.90096C47.0135 9.68116 46.439 9.57491 45.8612 9.58899Z" fill="white"/><path d="M61.7596 18.7143V14.6459C61.7756 13.9638 61.6477 13.2859 61.3841 12.6564C61.1205 12.0268 60.7272 11.4596 60.2296 10.9916C59.7774 10.5253 59.2376 10.1525 58.6411 9.89442C58.0445 9.63633 57.4028 9.49802 56.7526 9.48739C56.1024 9.47676 55.4565 9.59401 54.8518 9.83245C54.247 10.0709 53.6953 10.4259 53.228 10.8771C53.1687 10.9343 53.1114 10.9935 53.054 11.0526C52.1288 12.0089 51.6213 13.2921 51.6426 14.6211C51.6367 15.3083 51.7691 15.9897 52.0319 16.6249C52.2947 17.2601 52.6826 17.8363 53.1726 18.3193C53.6426 18.8105 54.2127 19.1955 54.8445 19.4484C55.4763 19.7012 56.155 19.8159 56.835 19.7848C57.4825 19.769 58.1204 19.6247 58.7114 19.3603C59.3025 19.0959 59.8348 18.7167 60.2774 18.2448V18.8917M60.2774 18.8784C60.2792 19.3029 60.1895 19.7229 60.0143 20.1098C59.839 20.4967 59.5825 20.8414 59.2619 21.1206C58.947 21.4286 58.5743 21.6715 58.165 21.8353C57.7557 21.999 57.318 22.0804 56.877 22.0747C56.1126 22.0789 55.368 21.8321 54.758 21.3725C54.2743 21.0384 53.885 20.5856 53.6277 20.0577L52.4363 20.7466C52.735 21.3328 53.1594 21.8461 53.6794 22.2503C54.5478 22.9254 55.6137 23.2986 56.7145 23.3132H56.9402C58.1311 23.32 59.2863 22.9079 60.2029 22.1491C60.6874 21.7899 61.0799 21.3213 61.3481 20.7816C61.6163 20.242 61.7528 19.6467 61.7462 19.0444V18.7009M60.2488 14.7337C60.2385 15.6811 59.86 16.5876 59.1931 17.2621C58.8825 17.6017 58.5031 17.8716 58.0801 18.0539C57.6571 18.2362 57.2001 18.3266 56.7393 18.3193C56.267 18.3286 55.7979 18.24 55.3617 18.059C54.9255 17.878 54.5317 17.6086 54.2053 17.2678C53.5237 16.5954 53.1319 15.6842 53.1134 14.728C53.0948 13.7719 53.4509 12.8462 54.1059 12.148C54.4082 11.7918 54.7822 11.5029 55.2036 11.3001C55.625 11.0973 56.0843 10.985 56.5519 10.9706H56.7432C57.2041 10.9639 57.6609 11.0579 58.0815 11.2462C58.5021 11.4344 58.8763 11.7123 59.1778 12.0602C59.5361 12.4039 59.8168 12.8201 60.0008 13.2808C60.1849 13.7416 60.2681 14.2363 60.2449 14.7317L60.2488 14.7337Z" fill="white"/><path d="M73.3512 16.0866L73.3149 16.1362C72.8848 16.8154 72.2936 17.3784 71.5936 17.7754C70.8841 18.2096 70.0697 18.4431 69.2374 18.4509C67.87 18.4509 66.6651 17.9014 65.6726 16.8251C64.7087 15.7657 64.1956 14.3738 64.242 12.9437C64.2483 11.5757 64.773 10.2606 65.7108 9.26268C66.1382 8.77658 66.6651 8.38758 67.256 8.12193C67.8469 7.85627 68.488 7.72014 69.1361 7.72272C70.9434 7.70936 72.2974 8.44785 73.29 9.98782L73.3149 10.0393H73.3397L74.5063 9.31229C74.0185 8.49472 73.3596 7.79176 72.5747 7.25138C71.5806 6.59524 70.416 6.24307 69.224 6.23809C68.3844 6.21999 67.5505 6.38084 66.7781 6.70991C66.0057 7.03898 65.3126 7.52869 64.745 8.14635C63.5 9.42679 62.8631 11.0679 62.8631 13.0067C62.8348 14.8078 63.4994 16.5513 64.7201 17.8785C65.9499 19.2142 67.4416 19.8802 69.1495 19.8802H69.2107C71.4578 19.8306 73.3149 18.7353 74.4929 16.8003L73.3512 16.0866Z" fill="white"/><path d="M82.1104 6.43273H80.5211L74.5924 19.6417H76.4877L78.3179 15.2527L78.9586 13.8883L81.3435 8.29901L83.6786 13.8826H80.3298L79.7159 15.247H84.2198L86.0635 19.636H87.7331L82.1104 6.43273Z" fill="white"/><path d="M96.3947 7.63303C95.4904 6.83506 94.3158 6.41006 93.1091 6.44418H88.8098V19.6398H90.3646V14.4703V13.0811V7.87347H93.1435C93.8829 7.85905 94.6034 8.10726 95.1765 8.5738C95.4521 8.77883 95.6784 9.04265 95.8389 9.34604C95.9993 9.64943 96.0899 9.98473 96.104 10.3275C96.1399 10.7052 96.0833 11.0859 95.9391 11.437C95.7948 11.788 95.5672 12.0988 95.2759 12.3426C94.7187 12.8445 93.9895 13.1136 93.2391 13.0945H91.6135V14.4837H93.4839C94.5638 14.4995 95.6076 14.0958 96.3947 13.3578C96.7877 13.0165 97.103 12.5952 97.3194 12.1222C97.5358 11.6492 97.6483 11.1355 97.6493 10.6156C97.6813 10.056 97.5849 9.49648 97.3675 8.97963C97.1501 8.46277 96.8174 8.00222 96.3947 7.63303Z" fill="white"/><path d="M35.4611 7.63303C34.5559 6.8351 33.3808 6.41014 32.1735 6.44418H27.8819V19.6398H29.4386V14.4703V13.0811V7.87347H32.2232C32.9628 7.85788 33.6838 8.10622 34.2562 8.5738C34.5326 8.77806 34.7595 9.04172 34.9201 9.34527C35.0806 9.64882 35.1707 9.9845 35.1837 10.3275C35.2205 10.7053 35.1643 11.0863 35.02 11.4374C34.8756 11.7886 34.6476 12.0993 34.3556 12.3426C33.7975 12.848 33.0646 13.1176 32.3112 13.0945H30.6932V14.4837H32.5617C33.6423 14.4998 34.6868 14.096 35.4744 13.3578C35.8649 13.017 36.1782 12.5973 36.3939 12.1265C36.6095 11.6558 36.7224 11.1447 36.7252 10.6271C36.76 10.0646 36.664 9.50163 36.4447 8.98225C36.2254 8.46287 35.8888 8.00111 35.4611 7.63303Z" fill="white"/><path d="M45.9376 9.60044C45.3565 9.58541 44.7786 9.69114 44.2406 9.91092C43.7026 10.1307 43.2164 10.4597 42.8126 10.8771C42.403 11.2947 42.0819 11.7905 41.8687 12.3348C41.6554 12.879 41.5543 13.4606 41.5714 14.0448V19.6169H43.0766V13.9074C43.0699 13.5307 43.1423 13.1568 43.2892 12.8097C43.4361 12.4626 43.6542 12.1501 43.9295 11.8923C44.1906 11.621 44.5043 11.4056 44.8515 11.2593C45.1987 11.113 45.5722 11.0387 45.9491 11.0412C46.3208 11.0379 46.6891 11.1119 47.0305 11.2584C47.372 11.405 47.6791 11.6208 47.9324 11.8923C48.2076 12.1508 48.4264 12.4632 48.5752 12.8099C48.7239 13.1566 48.7994 13.5302 48.7968 13.9074V19.6169H50.3038V14.0448C50.3207 13.4605 50.2193 12.8788 50.0057 12.3345C49.7922 11.7903 49.4707 11.2946 49.0607 10.8771C48.6549 10.463 48.1685 10.1361 47.6315 9.9166C47.0944 9.69706 46.518 9.58946 45.9376 9.60044Z" fill="white"/><path d="M20.3582 4.0798L6.31671 0.0610093C6.1291 0.00562615 5.9324 -0.0123436 5.73783 0.00812623C5.54326 0.028596 5.35463 0.0871044 5.18272 0.180311C5.01082 0.273517 4.85899 0.399596 4.73592 0.551349C4.61284 0.703102 4.52093 0.877557 4.46543 1.06475C4.42506 1.19845 4.40445 1.3373 4.40423 1.47694V3.28978L2.65622 2.79172C2.43668 2.72681 2.20475 2.71529 1.97983 2.75811C1.75491 2.80094 1.54354 2.89687 1.36338 3.03789C1.17948 3.17495 1.03015 3.3529 0.927234 3.55762C0.824319 3.76233 0.770656 3.98817 0.770508 4.21719L0.770508 24.5249C0.772032 24.7498 0.824418 24.9714 0.923761 25.1733C1.0231 25.3752 1.16684 25.5521 1.34425 25.6908C1.60756 25.8896 1.92825 25.998 2.25842 25.9999C2.37094 25.9985 2.4828 25.9824 2.59119 25.9522L13.63 23.3227C13.9565 23.2518 14.2487 23.0711 14.4576 22.8109C14.6665 22.5507 14.7795 22.2268 14.7775 21.8934V16.264L20.3008 14.9282C20.6296 14.8562 20.9233 14.6731 21.1324 14.4099C21.3414 14.1467 21.453 13.8195 21.4483 13.4837V5.49572C21.4483 5.17286 21.3414 4.85904 21.1443 4.603C20.9472 4.34696 20.6708 4.16304 20.3582 4.0798ZM6.13503 16.8651C6.08029 16.8782 6.02258 16.8693 5.97438 16.8403C5.95046 16.8258 5.92969 16.8067 5.91327 16.7841C5.89685 16.7615 5.88511 16.7358 5.87875 16.7086C5.87684 16.6909 5.87684 16.673 5.87875 16.6552L5.85963 5.20567L13.0831 7.25132C13.154 7.2719 13.2163 7.31479 13.2607 7.37359C13.3052 7.4324 13.3294 7.50397 13.3298 7.57763V15.1343L6.13503 16.8651ZM5.86154 18.3574H5.88831C6.00362 18.3599 6.11875 18.3471 6.23065 18.3192L13.3298 16.6018V21.3724L13.3183 21.6548C13.3178 21.7314 13.2926 21.8058 13.2464 21.8669C13.2003 21.9281 13.1356 21.9728 13.062 21.9945L2.49174 24.4962C2.46455 24.5029 2.43629 24.5039 2.40867 24.4993C2.38105 24.4948 2.35466 24.4846 2.33109 24.4695C2.30718 24.455 2.28641 24.4359 2.26999 24.4133C2.25357 24.3907 2.24183 24.365 2.23547 24.3379C2.23356 24.3207 2.23356 24.3034 2.23547 24.2863V4.45C2.2344 4.39762 2.25373 4.34687 2.2894 4.30843C2.32507 4.26999 2.3743 4.24686 2.42672 4.24391C2.45024 4.24466 2.47348 4.24917 2.49557 4.25727L4.40805 4.79539V16.8842C4.40629 17.0767 4.44253 17.2676 4.51472 17.4461C4.5869 17.6245 4.69362 17.7871 4.82877 17.9244C4.96391 18.0618 5.12485 18.1712 5.30238 18.2464C5.47991 18.3217 5.67057 18.3614 5.86345 18.3631L5.86154 18.3574ZM13.7027 5.92699L5.86154 3.69433L5.84815 1.71738C5.84814 1.66034 5.87059 1.60557 5.91065 1.56489C5.95072 1.5242 6.00519 1.50084 6.06235 1.49984H6.12546L19.7232 5.37932C19.7972 5.40126 19.8617 5.44709 19.9067 5.50961C19.9517 5.57213 19.9746 5.64779 19.9718 5.72472L19.9833 13.2738C19.9879 13.3477 19.9655 13.4208 19.9201 13.4795C19.8747 13.5381 19.8095 13.5782 19.7366 13.5925L14.7699 14.787V7.35818C14.7696 7.03703 14.6652 6.72459 14.4721 6.46763C14.2791 6.21067 14.0078 6.023 13.6989 5.93272L13.7027 5.92699Z" fill="white"/></svg></div><style data-emotion="css 1xhj18k">.css-1xhj18k{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}</style><div class="css-1xhj18k"><style data-emotion="css g9p39z">.css-g9p39z{margin:0;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);padding-top:3rem;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-g9p39z{text-align:center;}}@media (min-width:900px){.css-g9p39z{text-align:left;}}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body2 css-g9p39z">© 2024 PingCAP. All Rights Reserved.</div><style data-emotion="css veaqi">.css-veaqi{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);margin-left:.2rem;padding-top:3rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-veaqi:hover{text-decoration-color:inherit;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-veaqi{text-align:center;}}@media (min-width:900px){.css-veaqi{text-align:left;}}</style><style data-emotion="css 3fy6ny">.css-3fy6ny{margin:0;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);margin-left:.2rem;padding-top:3rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-3fy6ny:hover{text-decoration-color:inherit;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-3fy6ny{text-align:center;}}@media (min-width:900px){.css-3fy6ny{text-align:left;}}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body2 MuiLink-root MuiLink-underlineAlways css-3fy6ny" href="https://cn.pingcap.com/privacy-policy" target="_blank">Privacy Policy.</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="gatsby-announcer" style="top:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;border:0" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"/></div></body>