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Code  ›  R语言安装软件包_r语言安装包_a99h的博客
install packages r语言
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44035267/article/details/122461057
腼腆的桔子
1 年前

R语言安装软件包

1 打开RGui.exe，执行 install.packages("software name") ，安装成功后会提示 The downloaded binary packages are in ... ，给出了程序包存放路径

2 选择程序包，点击 Install package(s) from local files... ，选中路径里面下载好的程序包，会出现 successfully unpacked 的提示 

> utils:::menuInstallLocal()
package ‘psych’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

3 命令及执行结果示例
 

R version 4.1.2 (2021-11-01) -- "Bird Hippie"
Platform: i386-w64-mingw32/i386 (32-bit)
R是自由软件，不带任何担保。
在某些条件下你可以将其自由散布。
用'license()'或'licence()'来看散布的详细条件。
R是个合作计划，有许多人为之做出了贡献.
用'contributors()'来看合作者的详细情况
用'citation()'会告诉你如何在出版物中正确地引用R或R程序包。
用'demo()'来看一些示范程序，用'help()'来阅读在线帮助文件，或
用'help.start()'通过HTML浏览器来看帮助文件。
用'q()'退出R.
> install.package("psych")
Error in install.package("psych") : 没有"install.package"这个函数
> install.packages("psych")
--- 在此連線階段时请选用CRAN的鏡子 ---
还安装相依关系‘tmvnsim’, ‘mnormt’
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/tmvnsim_1.0-2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 37073 bytes (36 KB)
downloaded 36 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/mnormt_2.0.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 193615 bytes (189 KB)
downloaded 189 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/psych_2.1.9.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 4245236 bytes (4.0 MB)
downloaded 4.0 MB
package ‘tmvnsim’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘mnormt’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘psych’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
The downloaded binary packages are in
        C:\Users\99\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpEDx6Cz\downloaded_packages
> local({pkg <- select.list(sort(.packages(all.available = TRUE)),graphics=TRUE)
+ if(nchar(pkg)) library(pkg, character.only=TRUE)})
> setRepositories()
> utils:::menuInstallLocal()
package ‘psych’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
> install.packages("ggplot2")
还安装相依关系‘colorspace’, ‘cli’, ‘crayon’, ‘utf8’, ‘farver’, ‘labeling’, ‘lifecycle’, ‘munsell’, ‘R6’, ‘RColorBrewer’, ‘viridisLite’, ‘ellipsis’, ‘fansi’, ‘magrittr’, ‘pillar’, ‘pkgconfig’, ‘vctrs’, ‘digest’, ‘glue’, ‘gtable’, ‘isoband’, ‘rlang’, ‘scales’, ‘tibble’, ‘withr’
  有二进制版本的，但源代码版本是后来的:
      binary source needs_compilation
fansi  0.5.0  1.0.0              TRUE
  Binaries will be installed
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/colorspace_2.0-2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 2645168 bytes (2.5 MB)
downloaded 2.5 MB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/cli_3.1.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1235892 bytes (1.2 MB)
downloaded 1.2 MB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/crayon_1.4.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 157657 bytes (153 KB)
downloaded 153 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/utf8_1.2.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 209987 bytes (205 KB)
downloaded 205 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/farver_2.1.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1752511 bytes (1.7 MB)
downloaded 1.7 MB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/labeling_0.4.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 62679 bytes (61 KB)
downloaded 61 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/lifecycle_1.0.1.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 123104 bytes (120 KB)
downloaded 120 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/munsell_0.5.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 245327 bytes (239 KB)
downloaded 239 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/R6_2.5.1.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 84245 bytes (82 KB)
downloaded 82 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/RColorBrewer_1.1-2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 55707 bytes (54 KB)
downloaded 54 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/viridisLite_0.4.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1299512 bytes (1.2 MB)
downloaded 1.2 MB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/ellipsis_0.3.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 49237 bytes (48 KB)
downloaded 48 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/fansi_0.5.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 248821 bytes (242 KB)
downloaded 242 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/magrittr_2.0.1.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 235806 bytes (230 KB)
downloaded 230 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/pillar_1.6.4.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1041521 bytes (1017 KB)
downloaded 1017 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/pkgconfig_2.0.3.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 22480 bytes (21 KB)
downloaded 21 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/vctrs_0.3.8.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1254380 bytes (1.2 MB)
downloaded 1.2 MB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/digest_0.6.29.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 266579 bytes (260 KB)
downloaded 260 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/glue_1.6.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 173672 bytes (169 KB)
downloaded 169 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/gtable_0.3.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 434194 bytes (424 KB)
downloaded 424 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/isoband_0.2.5.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 2726788 bytes (2.6 MB)
downloaded 2.6 MB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/rlang_0.4.12.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1200810 bytes (1.1 MB)
downloaded 1.1 MB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/scales_1.1.1.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 558614 bytes (545 KB)
downloaded 545 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/tibble_3.1.6.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 872274 bytes (851 KB)
downloaded 851 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/withr_2.4.3.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 217158 bytes (212 KB)
downloaded 212 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/ggplot2_3.3.5.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 4130171 bytes (3.9 MB)
downloaded 3.9 MB
package ‘colorspace’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘cli’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘crayon’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘utf8’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘farver’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘labeling’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘lifecycle’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘munsell’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘R6’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘RColorBrewer’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘viridisLite’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘ellipsis’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘fansi’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘magrittr’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘pillar’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘pkgconfig’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘vctrs’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘digest’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘glue’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘gtable’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘isoband’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘rlang’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘scales’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘tibble’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘withr’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘ggplot2’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
The downloaded binary packages are in
        C:\Users\99\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpEDx6Cz\downloaded_packages
> utils:::menuInstallPkgs()
> setRepositories()
> local({pkg <- select.list(sort(.packages(all.available = TRUE)),graphics=TRUE)
+ if(nchar(pkg)) library(pkg, character.only=TRUE)})
> utils:::menuInstallLocal()
package ‘ggplot2’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
> install.packages("reshape2")
还安装相依关系‘stringi’, ‘plyr’, ‘Rcpp’, ‘stringr’
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/stringi_1.7.6.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 16449819 bytes (15.7 MB)
downloaded 15.7 MB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/plyr_1.8.6.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1499468 bytes (1.4 MB)
downloaded 1.4 MB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/Rcpp_1.0.7.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 3263155 bytes (3.1 MB)
downloaded 3.1 MB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/stringr_1.4.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 216753 bytes (211 KB)
downloaded 211 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/reshape2_1.4.4.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 818001 bytes (798 KB)
downloaded 798 KB
package ‘stringi’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘plyr’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘Rcpp’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘stringr’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘reshape2’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
The downloaded binary packages are in
        C:\Users\99\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpEDx6Cz\downloaded_packages
> utils:::menuInstallLocal()
package ‘reshape2’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
> install.packages("relaimpo")
还安装相依关系‘minqa’, ‘numDeriv’, ‘DBI’, ‘survey’, ‘mitools’, ‘corpcor’
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/minqa_1.2.4.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 855876 bytes (835 KB)
downloaded 835 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/numDeriv_2016.8-1.1.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 116205 bytes (113 KB)
downloaded 113 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/DBI_1.1.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 741793 bytes (724 KB)
downloaded 724 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/survey_4.1-1.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 2728411 bytes (2.6 MB)
downloaded 2.6 MB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/mitools_2.4.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 298648 bytes (291 KB)
downloaded 291 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/corpcor_1.6.10.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 115070 bytes (112 KB)
downloaded 112 KB
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/relaimpo_2.2-6.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 562932 bytes (549 KB)
downloaded 549 KB
package ‘minqa’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘numDeriv’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘DBI’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘survey’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘mitools’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘corpcor’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘relaimpo’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
The downloaded binary packages are in
        C:\Users\99\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpEDx6Cz\downloaded_packages
> install.packages("MASS")
试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/MASS_7.3-54.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1191296 bytes (1.1 MB)
downloaded 1.1 MB
package ‘MASS’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package ‘MASS’
Warning: restored ‘MASS’
The downloaded binary packages are in
        C:\Users\99\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpEDx6Cz\downloaded_packages
Warning message:
In file.copy(savedcopy, lib, recursive = TRUE) :
  拷贝D:\R\R-4.1.2\library\00LOCK\MASS\libs\x64\MASS.dll到D:\R\R-4.1.2\library\MASS\libs\x64\MASS.dll时出了问题：Permission denied 
> utils:::menuInstallLocal()
package ‘relaimpo’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
> remove.packages(c("relaimpo"))
从‘D:/R/R-4.1.2/library’中删除程序包
(因为没有指定‘lib’)
> remove.packages(c("relaimpo"),lib = file .path("path", "to", "library"))
错误: unexpected symbol在"remove.packages(c("relaimpo"),lib = file .path"里
> remove.packages(c("relaimpo"),lib = file.path("path", "to", "library"))
Error in find.package(pkgs, lib) : 不存在叫‘relaimpo’这个名字的程辑包
> remove.packages(c("relaimpo"),lib=file.path("path", "to", "library"))
Error in find.package(pkgs, lib) : 不存在叫‘relaimpo’这个名字的程辑包
> utils:::menuInstallLocal()
package ‘relaimpo’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
> install.packages("packfor")
Warning message:
package ‘packfor’ is not available for this version of R
A version of this package for your version of R might be available elsewhere,
see the ideas at
https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-patched/R-admin.html#Installing-packages 
> utils:::menuInstallLocal()
package ‘R.matlab’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
 （1）联网的在线安装（推荐），解决包与包之间依赖关系，首次使用需要在R中选择镜像站点
 （2）源代码安装
4、.libPaths()显示库所在的位置，在线安装会把包安装在默认的路径下
5、library()不加任何参数会显示库中有哪些安装包，绝大部分包都可以按照这种安装方式安装成功，小部分包需要提前安装好依赖包才能安装完成
6、如果一次需要安装多个R包，可以将所有需要安..
通过与一行代码的交叉验证，自动进行最佳的最佳预测变量集合。
 数十种算法：XGBoost，随机森林，GBM，套索，SVM，BART，KNN，决策树，神经网络等。
 与集成以支持更多算法。
 包括用于快速向集合中添加自定义算法的框架。
 使用内置绘图可视化每种算法的性能。
 轻松检查集合中每种算法的多个超参数配置。
 添加新算法或更改现有算法的默认参数。
 基于单变量关联的筛选变量（功能选择），Random Forest，Elastic Net等。 或自定义筛选算法。
 多核和多节点并行化可扩展性。
 外部交叉验证，以估计集合预测器的性能。
 Ensemble可以针对任何目标指标进行优化：均方误差，AUC，对数似然等。
 包括提供自定义损失函数和堆叠算法的框架。
R语言的特点就是有众多的第三方扩展包，扩展包涉及到各行各业的数据分析内容。
包是R函数、数据、预编译代码以一种定义完善的格式组成的集合，包括R程序，运行该程序的其他语言(例如C语言)，解释这个程序功能、方法的帮助文档，例子、测试数据等。
R自带了一系列默认包，包括base、datasets、utils、graDevices、graphics、stats以及methods。这些包提供了很多的默认函数和数据集，我们可以无需下载直接使用。但当我们需要其他的操作，用到别的包时，需要通过下载来进行安装啦
在R的控制台，输入
install.packages('evaluate')  # 在默认目录，安装evaluate包
install.packages("evaluate", contriburl="http://www.biostat.ucsf.edu/jean/software", lib="指定安装目录")
手动安装
菜单栏–>程序包–>install pac...
                                    Error in read.dcf(file.path(pkgname, “DESCRIPTION”), c(“Package”, “Type”)) :
无法打开链结
此外: Warning messages:
1: In download.file(url, destfile, method, mode = “wb”, …) :
downloaded length 6385664 != repo...
                                    个人感觉在linux下R包使用conda来安装最为方便，如果搜索不到的话，建议在conda的官网上先搜索，看看这个包在那个channel中，然后再用对应的命令进行下载安装。R 包是 R 语言扩展库，可以扩展 R 语言的功能。R 包的原理是将函数和数据等打包成一个库，用户可以通过安装 R 包并加载后直接调用其中的函数和数据，从而加快编程和分析的速度，提升编程效率和数据处理能力。如果把R比作是沃土的话，那么R包就是鲜花，开源共享的开发者社区提供了很多功能丰富的R包，方便使用者充分利用R语言完成工作。
                                    R实际是通过命令操作软件，命令实际是在调用函数。
R包是R函数、数据、预编译代码以一种定义完善的格式组成的集合，包括R程序，运行该程序的其他语言（比如Java/C/Fortran），解释这个程序功能、方法的帮助文档，例子、测试数据等。
只有当一个包被载入时，它的内容才可以被访问。一些常用、基本的程序包已经被收入了标准安装文件中，R安装好之后就可以使用，包括base、methods、datasets、utils、grDevices、graphics、stats。随着新的统计分析方法的出现，即便标准安装文件中所
 
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