result
condition是一个返回布尔类型的表达式,如果表达式返回true,则整个函数返回相应result的值,如果表达式皆为false,则返回ElSE后result的值,如果省略了ELSE子句,则返回NULL。
几种常用场景:
有分数score,score<60返回不及格,score>=60返回及格,score>=80返回优秀
SELECT
STUDENT_NAME,
(CASE WHEN score < 60 THEN '不及格'
WHEN score >= 60 AND score < 80 THEN '及格'
WHEN score >= 80 THEN '优秀'
ELSE '异常' END) AS REMARK
TABLE
注意:如果你想判断score是否null的情况,WHEN score = null THEN '缺席考试',这是一种错误的写法,正确的写法应为:
CASE WHEN score IS NULL THEN '缺席考试' ELSE '正常' END
现老师要统计班中,有多少男同学,多少女同学,并统计男同学中有几人及格,女同学中有几人及格,要求用一个SQL输出结果。
表结构如下:其中STU_SEX字段,0表示男生,1表示女生。
SELECT
SUM (CASE WHEN STU_SEX = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS MALE_COUNT,
SUM (CASE WHEN STU_SEX = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS FEMALE_COUNT,
SUM (CASE WHEN STU_SCORE >= 60 AND STU_SEX = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS MALE_PASS,
SUM (CASE WHEN STU_SCORE >= 60 AND STU_SEX = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS FEMALE_PASS
THTF_STUDENTS
输出结果如下:
经典行转列,并配合聚合函数做统计
现要求统计各个城市,总共使用了多少水耗、电耗、热耗,使用一条SQL语句输出结果
有能耗表如下:其中,E_TYPE表示能耗类型,0表示水耗,1表示电耗,2表示热耗
ELECT
E_CODE,
SUM(CASE WHEN E_TYPE = 0 THEN E_VALUE ELSE 0 END) AS WATER_ENERGY,--水耗
SUM(CASE WHEN E_TYPE = 1 THEN E_VALUE ELSE 0 END) AS ELE_ENERGY,--电耗
SUM(CASE WHEN E_TYPE = 2 THEN E_VALUE ELSE 0 END) AS HEAT_ENERGY--热耗
THTF_ENERGY_TEST
GROUP BY
E_CODE
输出结果如下:
CASE WHEN中使用子查询
根据城市用电量多少,计算用电成本。假设电能耗单价分为三档,根据不同的能耗值,使用相应价格计算成本。
价格表如下:
当能耗值小于10时,使用P_LEVEL=0时的P_PRICE的值,能耗值大于10小于30使用P_LEVEL=1时的P_PRICE的值...
CASE WHEN energy <= (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 0) THEN (SELECT P_PRICE FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 0)
WHEN energy > (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 0) AND energy <= (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 1) THEN (SELECT P_PRICE FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 1)
WHEN energy > (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 1) AND energy <= (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 2) THEN (SELECT P_PRICE FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 2)