您可以使用Scala字符串操作动态创建 stack 的参数列表：

val dfA = Seq((1012, 10, 12, 13), (1013, 13, 14, 15), (1014, 14, 18, 30)).toDF("dt", "AA", "BB", "CC")
val columns = dfA.columns.filter(!_.equalsIgnoreCase("dt"))
var cmd = s"stack(${columns.length},"
for( col <- columns) cmd += s"'$col',$col,"
cmd = cmd.dropRight(1) + ")"
val dfB = dfA.selectExpr("dt", cmd)
  .withColumnRenamed("col0", "Head")
  .withColumnRenamed("col1", "Val")

结果：

+----+----+---+
|  dt|Head|Val|
+----+----+---+
|1012|  AA| 10|
|1012|  BB| 12|
|1012|  CC| 13|
|1013|  AA| 13|