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print (inspect.ismodule(os)) # True print (inspect.isclass(Test)) # True print (inspect.getdoc(Test)) # Test Class print (inspect.getsourcefile(Test)) # 文件路径 print (inspect.getsourcelines(Test)) # 代码块,每行一个元素,组成数组 print (inspect.getsource(Test)) # 获取代码块原本内容,带缩进

运行结果:

Test Class C:/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/untitled/6 .py ([ ' class Test(object):\n ' , ' """Test Class """\n ' , ' \n ' , ' def test(self):\n ' , ' self.fuc = lambda x: x\n ' ], 5 ) class Test(object): """ Test Class """ def test(self): self.fuc = lambda x: x

打印全局中的变量

#打印全局变量中的模块对象
myglobals = {}
myglobals.update(globals())
modules = [value
           for key, value in myglobals.items()
           if inspect.ismodule(value)]
print(modules)

运行结果:

[<module 'builtins' (built-in)>, <module 'inspect' from 'D:\\python\\python\\lib\\inspect.py'>, <module 'os' from 'D:\\python\\python\\lib\\os.py'>]

查看类和类对象有哪些方法可以调用

# 查看类的可调用方法
for name, value in inspect.getmembers(Test, callable):
    print("    Callable:", name)
for name, value in inspect.getmembers(Test(), callable):
    print(" Instance Callable:", name)

运行结果:

 Callable: __class__
    Callable: __delattr__
    Callable: __dir__
    Callable: __eq__
    Callable: __format__
    Callable: __ge__
    Callable: __getattribute__
    Callable: __gt__
    Callable: __hash__
    Callable: __init__
    Callable: __init_subclass__
    Callable: __le__
    Callable: __lt__
    Callable: __ne__
    Callable: __new__
    Callable: __reduce__
    Callable: __reduce_ex__
    Callable: __repr__
    Callable: __setattr__
    Callable: __sizeof__
    Callable: __str__
    Callable: __subclasshook__
    Callable: test
 Instance Callable: __class__
 Instance Callable: __delattr__
 Instance Callable: __dir__
 Instance Callable: __eq__
 Instance Callable: __format__
 Instance Callable: __ge__
 Instance Callable: __getattribute__
 Instance Callable: __gt__
 Instance Callable: __hash__
 Instance Callable: __init__
 Instance Callable: __init_subclass__
 Instance Callable: __le__
 Instance Callable: __lt__
 Instance Callable: __ne__
 Instance Callable: __new__
 Instance Callable: __reduce__
 Instance Callable: __reduce_ex__
 Instance Callable: __repr__
 Instance Callable: __setattr__
 Instance Callable: __sizeof__
 Instance Callable: __str__
 Instance Callable: __subclasshook__
 Instance Callable: test

获取栈的全部调用信息

def debug():
    import inspect
    print(inspect.stack()[0][3])
    print(inspect.stack()[1][3])
    caller_name = inspect.stack()[1][3]
    # print("[DEBUG]: enter {}()".format(caller_name) )
def say_hello():
    debug()
    # print("hello!")
def say_goodbye():
    debug()
    # print("goodbye!")
if __name__ == '__main__':
    say_hello()
    say_goodbye()

运行结果:

debug
say_hello
debug
say_goodbye

inspect模块主要提供了四种用处:

1.对是否是模块、框架、函数进行类型检查

2.获取源码

3.获取类或者函数的参数信息

4.解析堆栈

type and members

inspect.ismodule(object): 是否为模块
inspect.isclass(object):是否为类
inspect.ismethod(object):是否为方法(bound method written in python)
inspect.isfunction(object):是否为函数(python function, including lambda expression)
inspect.isgeneratorfunction(object):是否为python生成器函数
inspect.isgenerator(object):是否为生成器
inspect.istraceback(object): 是否为traceback
inspect.isframe(object):是否为frame
inspect.iscode(object):是否为code
inspect.isbuiltin(object):是否为built-in函数或built-in方法
inspect.isroutine(object):是否为用户自定义或者built-in函数或方法
inspect.isabstract(object):是否为抽象基类
inspect.ismethoddescriptor(object):是否为方法标识符
inspect.isdatadescriptor(object):是否为数字标识符,数字标识符有__get__ 和__set__属性; 通常也有__name__和__doc__属性
inspect.isgetsetdescriptor(object):是否为getset descriptor
inspect.ismemberdescriptor(object):是否为member descriptor

2、 inspect.getmembers(object[, predicate])

inspect的getmembers()方法可以获取对象(module、class、method等)的如下属性:

TypeAttributeDescriptionNotes module __doc__ documentation string

inspect.getmoduleinfo(path) : 返回一个命名元组<named tuple>(name, suffix, mode, module_type)

name:模块名(不包括其所在的package)

suffix:

mode:open()方法的模式,如:'r', 'a'等

module_type: 整数,代表了模块的类型

4、 inspect.getmodulename(path) :根据path返回模块名(不包括其所在的package)

检索源代码

1. inspect.getdoc(object): 获取object的documentation信息
2. inspect.getcomments(object)
3. inspect.getfile(object): 返回对象的文件名
4. inspect.getmodule(object):返回object所属的模块名
5. inspect.getsourcefile(object): 返回object的python源文件名;object不能使built-in的module, class, mothod
6. inspect.getsourcelines(object):返回object的python源文件代码的内容,行号+代码行
7. inspect.getsource(object):以string形式返回object的源代码
8. inspect.cleandoc(doc):

class and functions

1. inspect.getclasstree(classes[, unique])
2. inspect.getargspec(func)
3. inspect.getargvalues(frame)
4. inspect.formatargspec(args[, varargs, varkw, defaults, formatarg, formatvarargs, formatvarkw, formatvalue, join])
5. inspect.formatargvalues(args[, varargs, varkw, locals, formatarg, formatvarargs, formatvarkw, formatvalue, join])
6. inspect.getmro(cls): 元组形式返回cls类的基类(包括cls类),以method resolution顺序;通常cls类为元素的第一个元素
7. inspect.getcallargs(func[, *args][, **kwds]):将args和kwds参数到绑定到为func的参数名;对bound方法,也绑定第一个参数(通常为self)到相应的实例;返回字典,对应参数名及其值;
>>> from inspect import getcallargs
>>> def f(a, b=1, *pos, **named):
...     pass
>>> getcallargs(f, 1, 2, 3)
{'a': 1, 'named': {}, 'b': 2, 'pos': (3,)}
>>> getcallargs(f, a=2, x=4)
{'a': 2, 'named': {'x': 4}, 'b': 1, 'pos': ()}
>>> getcallargs(f)
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: f() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)
1. inspect.getframeinfo(frame[, context])
2. inspect.getouterframes(frame[, context])
3. inspect.getinnerframes(traceback[, context])
4. inspect.currentframe()
5. inspect.stack([context])
6. inspect.trace([context])