安装MySQL-python报错'my_config.h' file not found终极解决方案

文章转自华为云社区，作者：时光不写博客；原文链接： https://bbs.huaweicloud.com/blogs/334194

注意 ：如果你用的是python3.x，直接去看第四个问题

遇到的第一个问题

正常来说直接执行pip安装，就是可以的，但是MySQL-python偏偏比较独特

pip install MySQL-python
_mysql.c:44:10: fatal error: 'my_config.h' file not found
    #include "my_config.h"
             ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
    1 error generated.
    error: command 'cc' failed with exit status 1
解决第一个问题

执行brew install mysql-connector-c
brew install mysql-connector-c
如果这一步直接完成，那就可以继续pip install MySQL-python了，应该会成功
但是我在这一步执行失败了
遇到第二个问题

brew install mysql-connector-c报错
Error: Cannot install mysql-connector-c because conflicting formulae are installed.
  mysql: because both install MySQL client libraries
Please `brew unlink mysql` before continuing.
解决第二个问题

按照报错的提示，执行brew unlink mysql
没有发生什么意外，执行完毕，继续执行brew install mysql-connector-c
'mysql-connector-c’安装成功
执行brew link --overwrite mysql，重新连接mysql（这一步我没有做）
然后再执行pip install MySQL-python，如果成功了就搞定了
神奇的是，我在这一步又失败了
遇到的第三个问题

上面的步骤走完以后，执行pip install MySQL-python，报错
Collecting mysql
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/06/ef/c4efbf2a51fb46aba9be03a973638d9539c9ca10a5259b2cbb1a66133b2e/mysql-0.0.1.tar.gz
Collecting MySQL-python (from mysql)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a5/e9/51b544da85a36a68debe7a7091f068d802fc515a3a202652828c73453cad/MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/private/var/folders/zn/t8xxx4m149s9jqp1810ndrz80000gn/T/pip-install-oHMKPE/MySQL-python/setup.py", line 17, in <module>
        metadata, options = get_config()
      File "setup_posix.py", line 53, in get_config
        libraries = [ dequote(i[2:]) for i in libs if i.startswith(compiler_flag("l")) ]
      File "setup_posix.py", line 8, in dequote
        if s[0] in "\"'" and s[0] == s[-1]:
    IndexError: string index out of range
解决第三个问题

修改mysql的配置文件mysql_config，修改前记得cp一下
执行mysql_config，查看一下路径
打开文件vim mysql_config，找到libs="libs -l "，改为libs="libs -lmysqlclient -lssl -lcrypto "
libs="-L$pkglibdir"
# libs="$libs -l "                              # 原来的
libs="$libs -lmysqlclient -lssl -lcrypto "      # 更改后的
embedded_libs="-L$pkglibdir"
embedded_libs="$embedded_libs -l "
再来一遍pip install MySQL-python
终于成功了！可喜可贺！可喜可贺！
小心翼翼的试一下，import MySQLdb，真的成功了
发现第四个问题

开始使用的时候，发现自己用的是python2.x的环境，换成python3.x继续用
在import MySQLdb的时候又出问题了，ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘MySQLdb’
尝试使用pip3 install MySQL-python再安装一次，报错
Collecting MySQL-python
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a5/e9/51b544da85a36a68debe7a7091f068d802fc515a3a202652828c73453cad/MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/private/var/folders/07/v8slhf9x5zsbbd8_9cd5ztnh0000gp/T/pip-install-oh_74ez5/MySQL-python/setup.py", line 13, in <module>
        from setup_posix import get_config
      File "/private/var/folders/07/v8slhf9x5zsbbd8_9cd5ztnh0000gp/T/pip-install-oh_74ez5/MySQL-python/setup_posix.py", line 2, in <module>
        from ConfigParser import SafeConfigParser
    ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ConfigParser'
    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/07/v8slhf9x5zsbbd8_9cd5ztnh0000gp/T/pip-install-oh_74ez5/MySQL-python/
解决第四个问题

查到了原因，感到一阵阵的无语

In Python 3, ConfigParser has been renamed to configparser for PEP 8 compliance. It looks like the package you are installing does not support Python 3.

在Python3中，ConfigParser为了符合PEP8规范，已重命名为configparser。看起来你正在安装的软件包不支持Python3。
因为不支持python3，建议使用pip install pymysql，安装也没那么多套路
其实也找到了解决方案**（没有测试，我也不知道对不对，单纯的记录一下）**
方法一, 修改six模块为
    import configparser
except:
    from six.moves import configparser