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class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">连接到 TiDB</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据库模式设计</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium 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href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-use-views"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">视图</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-6-5" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content Mui-expanded" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a aria-current="page" style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" class="" href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-use-temporary-tables"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">临时表</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-6-6" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-use-common-table-expression"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">公共表表达式</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-6-7" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">读取副本数据</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-6-8" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-hybrid-oltp-and-olap-queries"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">HTAP 查询</div></div></a></div></div></div></li></div></div></ul></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-7" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">事务</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">优化 SQL 性能</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-9" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">故障诊断</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-10" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">引用文档</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-11" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">云原生开发环境</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-12" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">第三方工具支持</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li></div></div></ul></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">部署标准集群</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-5" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据迁移</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-6" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据集成</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-7" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">运维操作</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-8" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">监控与告警</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-9" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">故障诊断</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-10" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">性能调优</div></div><svg 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class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-12" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">TiDB 工具</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">参考指南</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-14" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">常见问题解答 (FAQ)</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium 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id="left-nav-treeview-0-16" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/stable/glossary"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">术语表</div></div></a></div></div></div></li></ul></div></aside><style data-emotion="css sb2sd0">.css-sb2sd0{width:100%;}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-sb2sd0{max-width:calc(100% - 18.75rem);}}</style><main class="MuiBox-root css-sb2sd0"><style data-emotion="css 1rnnmjb">.css-1rnnmjb{max-width:1340px;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1rnnmjb"><style data-emotion="css 90fn5w">.css-90fn5w{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-90fn5w{-webkit-flex-direction:column-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:column-reverse;flex-direction:column-reverse;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-90fn5w{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}}</style><div class="css-90fn5w"><style data-emotion="css vofosd">.css-vofosd{padding:1.5rem 0;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-vofosd{width:100%;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-vofosd{width:calc(100% - 17.5rem);}}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-vofosd"><style data-emotion="css 1ekb41w">.css-1ekb41w{width:100%;margin-left:auto;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:auto;display:block;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1ekb41w{padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px;}}@media (min-width:1536px){.css-1ekb41w{max-width:1536px;}}</style><div class="MuiContainer-root MuiContainer-maxWidthXl doc-content css-1ekb41w"><div class="markdown-body MuiBox-root css-0"><h1 id="临时表" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E8%A1%A8" aria-label="临时表 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>临时表</h1><p>临时表可以被认为是一种复用查询结果的技术。</p><p>假设希望知道 <a href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-bookshop-schema-design">Bookshop</a> 应用当中最年长的作家们的一些情况，可能需要编写多个查询，而这些查询都需要使用到这个最年长作家列表。可以通过下面的 SQL 语句从 <code>authors</code> 表当中找出最年长的前 50 位作家作为研究对象。</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><style data-emotion="css 1qhimia">.css-1qhimia{margin-right:3rem;overflow:auto;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> a.id, a.name, (IFNULL(a.death_year, <span class="hljs-keyword">YEAR</span>(NOW())) <span class="hljs-operator">-</span> a.birth_year) <span class="hljs-keyword">AS</span> age <span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> authors a <span class="hljs-keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> age <span class="hljs-keyword">DESC</span> LIMIT <span class="hljs-number">50</span>; </div><style data-emotion="css ux9q70">.css-ux9q70{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:2.4rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-ux9q70:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-ux9q70:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-ux9q70.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><style data-emotion="css 1rmx1rm">.css-1rmx1rm{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:2.4rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-1rmx1rm::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-1rmx1rm.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-1rmx1rm{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-1rmx1rm:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-1rmx1rm:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1rmx1rm.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><style data-emotion="css 1cw4hi4">.css-1cw4hi4{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:inherit;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><style data-emotion="css 1e2dcm1">.css-1e2dcm1{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css okvapm">.css-okvapm{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css rnn29l">.css-rnn29l{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:0.625rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-rnn29l:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-rnn29l:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-rnn29l.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><style data-emotion="css fxo539">.css-fxo539{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:0.625rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-fxo539::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-fxo539.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-fxo539{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-fxo539:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-fxo539:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-fxo539.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>查询结果如下：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia">+------------+---------------------+------+ | id | name | age | +------------+---------------------+------+ | 4053452056 | Dessie Thompson | 80 | | 2773958689 | Pedro Hansen | 80 | | 4005636688 | Wyatt Keeling | 80 | | 3621155838 | Colby Parker | 80 | | 2738876051 | Friedrich Hagenes | 80 | | 2299112019 | Ray Macejkovic | 80 | | 3953661843 | Brandi Williamson | 80 | | 4100546410 | Maida Walsh | 80 | +------------+---------------------+------+ 50 rows in set (0.01 sec) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>在找到这 50 位最年长的作家后，希望缓存这个查询结果，以便后续的查询能够方便地使用到这组数据。如果使用一般的数据库表进行存储的话，在创建这些表时，需要考虑如何避免不同会话之间的表重名问题，而且可能在一批查询结束之后就不再需要这些表了，还需要及时地对这些中间结果表进行清理。</p><h2 id="创建临时表" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E8%A1%A8" aria-label="创建临时表 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>创建临时表</h2><p>为了满足这类缓存中间结果的需求，TiDB 在 v5.3.0 版本中引入了临时表功能，对于临时表当中的本地临时表而言，TiDB 将会在会话结束的一段时间后自动清理这些已经没用的临时表，用户无需担心中间结果表的增多会带来管理上的麻烦。</p><h3 id="临时表类型" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E8%A1%A8%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B" aria-label="临时表类型 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>临时表类型</h3><p>TiDB 的临时表分为本地临时表和全局临时表：</p><ul><li>本地临时表的表定义和表内数据只对当前会话可见，适用于暂存会话内的中间数据。</li><li>全局临时表的表定义对整个 TiDB 集群可见，表内数据只对当前事务可见，适用于暂存事务内的中间数据。</li></ul><h3 id="创建本地临时表" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E8%A1%A8" aria-label="创建本地临时表 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>创建本地临时表</h3><p>在创建本地临时表前，你需要给当前数据库用户添加上 <code>CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES</code> 权限。</p><ul class="simple-tab-module--tabs--tXejZ simple-tab-container"><li class="simple-tab-module--active--dcjQ4">SQL</li><li class="">Java</li></ul><div class=""><p>在 SQL 中，通过 <code>CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE &lt;table_name&gt;</code> 语句创建临时表，默认临时表的类型为本地临时表，它只能被当前会话所访问。</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">CREATE</span> TEMPORARY <span class="hljs-keyword">TABLE</span> top_50_eldest_authors ( id <span class="hljs-type">BIGINT</span>, name <span class="hljs-type">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="hljs-number">255</span>), age <span class="hljs-type">INT</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">PRIMARY</span> KEY(id) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>在创建完临时表后，你可以通过 <code>INSERT INTO table_name SELECT ...</code> 语句，将上述查询得到的结果导入到刚刚创建的临时表当中。</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">INTO</span> top_50_eldest_authors <span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> a.id, a.name, (IFNULL(a.death_year, <span class="hljs-keyword">YEAR</span>(NOW())) <span class="hljs-operator">-</span> a.birth_year) <span class="hljs-keyword">AS</span> age <span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> authors a <span class="hljs-keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> age <span class="hljs-keyword">DESC</span> LIMIT <span class="hljs-number">50</span>; </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>运行结果为：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia">Query OK, 50 rows affected (0.03 sec) Records: 50 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre></div><div class="simple-tab-module--hidden--xELDk"><p>在 Java 中创建本地临时表的示例如下：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-java"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> List&lt;Author&gt; <span class="hljs-title function_">getTop50EldestAuthorInfo</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> SQLException { List&lt;Author&gt; authors = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;(); <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> (<span class="hljs-type">Connection</span> <span class="hljs-variable">conn</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> ds.getConnection()) { <span class="hljs-type">Statement</span> <span class="hljs-variable">stmt</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> conn.createStatement(); stmt.executeUpdate(<span class="hljs-string">""" CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE top_50_eldest_authors ( id BIGINT, name VARCHAR(255), age INT, PRIMARY KEY(id) """</span>); stmt.executeUpdate(<span class="hljs-string">""" INSERT INTO top_50_eldest_authors SELECT a.id, a.name, (IFNULL(a.death_year, YEAR(NOW())) - a.birth_year) AS age FROM authors a ORDER BY age DESC LIMIT 50; """</span>); <span class="hljs-type">ResultSet</span> <span class="hljs-variable">rs</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> stmt.executeQuery(<span class="hljs-string">""" SELECT id, name FROM top_50_eldest_authors; """</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (rs.next()) { <span class="hljs-type">Author</span> <span class="hljs-variable">author</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Author</span>(); author.setId(rs.getLong(<span class="hljs-string">"id"</span>)); author.setName(rs.getString(<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>)); authors.add(author); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> authors; </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre></div><h3 id="创建全局临时表" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E8%A1%A8" aria-label="创建全局临时表 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>创建全局临时表</h3><ul class="simple-tab-module--tabs--tXejZ simple-tab-container"><li class="simple-tab-module--active--dcjQ4">SQL</li><li class="">Java</li></ul><div class=""><p>在 SQL 中，你可以通过加上 <code>GLOBAL</code> 关键字来声明你所创建的是全局临时表。创建全局临时表时必须在末尾 <code>ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS</code> 修饰，这表明该全局数据表的所有数据行将在事务结束后被删除。</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">GLOBAL</span> TEMPORARY <span class="hljs-keyword">TABLE</span> IF <span class="hljs-keyword">NOT</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">EXISTS</span> top_50_eldest_authors_global ( id <span class="hljs-type">BIGINT</span>, name <span class="hljs-type">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="hljs-number">255</span>), age <span class="hljs-type">INT</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">PRIMARY</span> KEY(id) ) <span class="hljs-keyword">ON</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">COMMIT</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">DELETE</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">ROWS</span>; </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>在对全局临时表导入数据时，你需要特别注意，你必须通过 <code>BEGIN</code> 显式声明事务的开始。否则导入的数据在 <code>INSERT INTO</code> 语句执行后就清除掉，因为 Auto Commit 模式下，<code>INSERT INTO</code> 语句的执行结束，事务会自动被提交，事务结束，全局临时表的数据便被清空了。</p></div><div class="simple-tab-module--hidden--xELDk"><p>在 Java 中使用全局临时表时，你需要将 Auto Commit 模式先关闭。在 Java 语言当中，你可以通过 <code>conn.setAutoCommit(false);</code> 语句来实现，当你使用完成后，可以通过 <code>conn.commit();</code> 显式地提交事务。事务在提交或取消后，在事务过程中对全局临时表添加的数据将会被清除。</p><pre><code class="hljs language-java"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> List&lt;Author&gt; <span class="hljs-title function_">getTop50EldestAuthorInfo</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> SQLException { List&lt;Author&gt; authors = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;(); <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> (<span class="hljs-type">Connection</span> <span class="hljs-variable">conn</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> ds.getConnection()) { conn.setAutoCommit(<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>); <span class="hljs-type">Statement</span> <span class="hljs-variable">stmt</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> conn.createStatement(); stmt.executeUpdate(<span class="hljs-string">""" CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS top_50_eldest_authors ( id BIGINT, name VARCHAR(255), age INT, PRIMARY KEY(id) ) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS; """</span>); stmt.executeUpdate(<span class="hljs-string">""" INSERT INTO top_50_eldest_authors SELECT a.id, a.name, (IFNULL(a.death_year, YEAR(NOW())) - a.birth_year) AS age FROM authors a ORDER BY age DESC LIMIT 50; """</span>); <span class="hljs-type">ResultSet</span> <span class="hljs-variable">rs</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> stmt.executeQuery(<span class="hljs-string">""" SELECT id, name FROM top_50_eldest_authors; """</span>); conn.commit(); <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (rs.next()) { <span class="hljs-type">Author</span> <span class="hljs-variable">author</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Author</span>(); author.setId(rs.getLong(<span class="hljs-string">"id"</span>)); author.setName(rs.getString(<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>)); authors.add(author); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> authors; </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre></div><h2 id="查看临时表信息" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E8%A1%A8%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF" aria-label="查看临时表信息 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>查看临时表信息</h2><p>通过 <code>SHOW [FULL] TABLES</code> 语句可以查看到已经创建的全局临时表，但是无法看到本地临时表的信息，TiDB 暂时也没有类似的 <code>information_schema.INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO</code> 系统表存放临时表的信息。</p><p>例如，你可以在 table 列表当中查看到全局临时表 <code>top_50_eldest_authors_global</code>，但是无法查看到 <code>top_50_eldest_authors</code> 表。</p><pre><code class="hljs language-"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia">+-------------------------------+------------+ | Tables_in_bookshop | Table_type | +-------------------------------+------------+ | authors | BASE TABLE | | book_authors | BASE TABLE | | books | BASE TABLE | | orders | BASE TABLE | | ratings | BASE TABLE | | top_50_eldest_authors_global | BASE TABLE | | users | BASE TABLE | +-------------------------------+------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><h2 id="查询临时表" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E8%A1%A8" aria-label="查询临时表 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>查询临时表</h2><p>在临时表准备就绪之后，你便可以像对一般数据表一样对临时表进行查询：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="hljs-operator">*</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> top_50_eldest_authors; </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>你可以通过<a href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-join-tables">表连接</a>将临时表中的数据引用到你的查询当中：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia">EXPLAIN <span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> ANY_VALUE(ta.id) <span class="hljs-keyword">AS</span> author_id, ANY_VALUE(ta.age), ANY_VALUE(ta.name), <span class="hljs-built_in">COUNT</span>(<span class="hljs-operator">*</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">AS</span> books