ubuntu16.04安装caffe__ubuntu16.04安装

文章目录

1. 安装opencv
2. 测试opencv
3. 安装caffe
4. 遇到的问题
5. 测试
reference

1. 安装opencv

opencv只是用于读取图片的（参考网上），所以不需要安装cuda版的，不然后有很多问题。

(1) 从官网(http://opencv.org/downloads.html)下载Opencv,并将其解压到你要安装的位置，假设解压到了/home/opencv。

unzip opencv-3.2.0.zip
将pencv-3.2.0改为opencv

(2) 安装前准备，创建编译文件夹

cd ~/opencv

mkdir build

cd build

(3) 配置

sudo apt install cmake

sudo cmake -D WITH_CUDA=OFF -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local …

WITH_CUDA=OFF 表示不安装gpu版

(4) 编译

sudo make -j8 (-j8表示并行计算，根据自己电脑的配置进行设置，配置比较低的电脑可以将数字改小或不使用，直接输make)

(5) 安装

sudo make install # 安装

(6) 看opencv的版本

pkg-config --modversion opencv

可能错误：

下载ippicv_linux_20151201.tgz的时候超时，请参考：ICV: Downloading ippicv_linux_20151201.tgz 超时
"libopencv_core.so.3.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or direct，请参考
OpenCV runtime error: "libopencv_core.so.3.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or direct
运行编译的文件时出现：
test.cpp:(.text+0x46)：对‘cv::imread(cv::String const&, int)’未定义的引用
test.cpp:(.text+0xbe)：对‘cv::imshow(cv::String const&, cv::_InputArray const&)’未定义的引用
test.cpp:(.text+0xe6)：对‘cv::waitKey(int)’未定义的引用
/tmp/ccSDVP3R.o：在函数‘cv::String::String(char const*)’中：
test.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv6StringC2EPKc[_ZN2cv6StringC5EPKc]+0x4d)：对‘cv::String::allocate(unsigned long)’未定义的引用
/tmp/ccSDVP3R.o：在函数‘cv::String::~String()’中：
test.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv6StringD2Ev[_ZN2cv6StringD5Ev]+0x14)：对‘cv::String::deallocate()’未定义的引用
/tmp/ccSDVP3R.o：在函数‘cv::String::operator=(cv::String const&)’中：
test.cpp:(.text. ZN2cv6StringaSERKS0 [ ZN2cv6StringaSERKS0 ]+0x28)：对‘cv::String::deallocate()’未定义的引用
/tmp/ccSDVP3R.o：在函数‘cv::Mat::~Mat()’中：
test.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv3MatD2Ev[_ZN2cv3MatD5Ev]+0x39)：对‘cv::fastFree(void*)’未定义的引用
/tmp/ccSDVP3R.o：在函数‘cv::Mat::release()’中：
test.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv3Mat7releaseEv[_ZN2cv3Mat7releaseEv]+0x4b)：对‘cv::Mat::deallocate()’未定义的引用
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

编译的时候用下面的命令：

g++  opencvtest.cpp -o opencvtest  `pkg-config  --cflags --libs opencv`

可以正常显示图片则表面安装成功了

ubuntu16.04安装caffe_f5

2. 测试opencv

// 文件名保存为opencvtest.cpp，采用上面的方式进行编译，读取一张图片，并进行显示，能正常显示图片就可以
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

using namespace cv;

using namespace std;

int main()
{

Mat img = imread("dazu.jpg");
if(img.empty())
{
cout<<"error";
return -1;
}
imshow("mypic",img);
waitKey();
return 0;
}

3. 安装caffe

安装相关依赖项

1 sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libopencv-dev libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compiler
2 sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev
3 sudo apt-get install libopenblas-dev liblapack-dev libatlas-base-dev
4 sudo apt-get install libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev

下载caffe
git clone https://github.com/BVLC/caffe.git
修改Makefile.config

将 Makefile.config.example 文件复制一份并更名为 Makefile.config ，也可以在 caffe 目录下直接调用以下命令完成复制操作：

sudo cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config

复制一份的原因是编译 caffe 时需要的是 Makefile.config 文件，而Makefile.config.example 只是caffe 给出的配置文件例子，不能用来编译 caffe。

然后修改 Makefile.config 文件，在 caffe 目录下打开该文件：

sudo gedit Makefile.config

修改 Makefile.config 文件内容：

1.应用 cudnn

将
#USE_CUDNN := 1
修改成： 
USE_CUDNN := 1

2.应用 opencv 版本

将
#OPENCV_VERSION := 3 
修改为： 
OPENCV_VERSION := 3

3.使用 python 接口

将
#WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1 
修改为 
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1

4.修改 python 路径

INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib 
修改为： 
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial

5.然后修改 caffe 目录下的 Makefile 文件：

将：
NVCCFLAGS +=-ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler-fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)
替换为：
NVCCFLAGS += -D_FORCE_INLINES -ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler -fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)
 
将：
LIBRARIES += glog gflags protobuf boost_system boost_filesystem m hdf5_hl hdf5
改为：
LIBRARIES += glog gflags protobuf boost_system boost_filesystem m hdf5_serial_hl hdf5_serial

6.然后修改 /usr/local/cuda/include/host_config.h 文件 :（cuda9.0没有）

将
#error-- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 4.9 are not supported!
改为
//#error-- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 4.9 are not supported!
OK ，可以开始编译了，在 caffe 目录下执行 ：

make all -j8

这是如果之前的配置或安装出错，那么编译就会出现各种各样的问题，所以前面的步骤一定要细心。

4. 遇到的问题

libpng16.so.16：对‘inflateValidate@ZLIB_1.2.9’未定义的引用

1）GitHub上的解决方案，链接：https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/6139

在Makefile.config文件中添加如下一行:

LINKFLAGS := -Wl,-rpath,$(HOME)/anaconda3/lib

编译通过

2）fatal error: numpy/arrayobject.h: 没有那个文件或目录

解决：

sudo apt-get install python-numpy

3）python中import caffe，报错：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘caffe’

解决办法：

vi ~/.bashrc 添加 
export PYTHONPATH=/xx/xx/caffe/python:$PYTHONPATH  然后source ~/.bashrc

4）ImportError: dynamic module does not define module export function (PyInit__caffe)

caffe支持python2.7，所以在终端中运行 python2.7

5）ImportError: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1: version `ZLIB_1.2.9’ not found (required by /home/deepblue/anaconda3/lib/libpng16.so.16)

zlib的版本不对，重装以下zlib

1 git clone --branch v1.2.9 https://github.com/madler/zlib
2 cd path/to/zlib    #这里黄色标注的换成自己的路径即可
3 ./configure
4 make
5 make install # you may add 'sudo'

6）ImportError: No module named skimage.io

sudo apt-get install python-skimage

7）ImportError: No module named google.protobuf.internal

protobuf安装的问题

首先通过 which python 确定用的默认的python2.7还是conda中的python
caffe 好像只支持python2.7，所以需要将默认的python设置成 usr/bin/python2.7

pip install protobuf

8） libopencv_imgcodecs.so: undefined reference to `inflateValidate@ZLIB_1.2.9’

collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

安装了

zlib1g_1.2.11就OK了。

具体问题：

/usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so: undefined reference to `inflateValidate@ZLIB_1.2.9'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:619: recipe for target '.build_release/tools/upgrade_net_proto_binary.bin' failed
make: *** [.build_release/tools/upgrade_net_proto_binary.bin] Error 1
make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
/usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so: undefined reference to `inflateValidate@ZLIB_1.2.9'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:619: recipe for target '.build_release/tools/convert_annoset.bin' failed
make: *** [.build_release/tools/convert_annoset.bin] Error 1
/usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so: undefined reference to `inflateValidate@ZLIB_1.2.9'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:619: recipe for target '.build_release/tools/create_label_map.bin' failed
make: *** [.build_release/tools/create_label_map.bin] Error 1
/usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so: undefined reference to `inflateValidate@ZLIB_1.2.9'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:619: recipe for target '.build_release/tools/caffe.bin' failed
make: *** [.build_release/tools/caffe.bin] Error 1
/usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so: undefined reference to `inflateValidate@ZLIB_1.2.9'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:619: recipe for target '.build_release/tools/get_image_size.bin' failed
make: *** [.build_release/tools/get_image_size.bin] Error 1
/usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so: undefined reference to `inflateValidate@ZLIB_1.2.9'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:619: recipe for target '.build_release/tools/upgrade_solver_proto_text.bin' failed
make: *** [.build_release/tools/upgrade_solver_proto_text.bin] Error 1
/usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so: undefined reference to `inflateValidate@ZLIB_1.2.9'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:619: recipe for target '.build_release/tools/convert_imageset.bin' failed
make: *** [.build_release/tools/convert_imageset.bin] Error 1

5. 测试

import caffe

reference

Ubuntu 16.04下安装Caffe（GPU版本 GTX970