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Springfox与SpringDoc——swagger如何选择(SpringDoc入门)
》,作者: 才开始学技术的小白
之前写过一篇关于swagger(实际上是springfox)的使用指南(https://www.ctyun.cn/developer/article/371704742199365),涵盖了本人在开发与学习的时候碰到的各种大坑。但由于springfox已经不更新了,很多项目都在往springdoc迁移
笔者也是花了一些时间试了一下这个号称“把springfox按在地下摩擦”的springdoc究竟好不好使,本文就来简单介绍下springdoc的使用以及优劣势
1.引入maven依赖
这里有个大坑一定要注意!!!
如果你跟我一样,现在使用的是springfox,但是想往springdoc迁移,结果试了一下发现还是springfox好用/懒得改那么多注解,还是想换回springfox,一定要把springdoc的maven依赖删掉!!!不然springboot会默认你用的是springdoc,导致swagger界面出不来
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
<artifactId>springdoc-openapi-ui</artifactId>
<version>1.6.11</version>
</dependency>
2.springdoc配置类
实际上springdoc的配置非常简单,使用的是OpenAPI类与GroupedOpenApi来配置
SpringDoc API文档相关配置
Created by macro on 2023/02/02.
*/@Configurationpublic class SpringDocConfig {
@Bean
public OpenAPI mallTinyOpenAPI() {
return new OpenAPI()
.info(new Info().title(“CTYUN API”)
.description(“SpringDoc API 演示”)
.version(“v1.0.0”)
.license(new License().name(“Apache 2.0”).url(“https://github.com/”)))
.externalDocs(new ExternalDocumentation()
.description(“SpringBoot项目”)
.url(“http://www.ctyun.com”));
@Bean
public GroupedOpenApi adminApi() {
return GroupedOpenApi.builder()
.group(“admin”)
.pathsToMatch("/")
.build();
//可以创建不同的GroupedOpenApi来判断不同的controller
@Bean
public GroupedOpenApi userApi() {
return GroupedOpenApi.builder()
.group(“user”)
.pathsToMatch("/user/")
.build();
默认配置之后直接进入:http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui/index.html 即可
注意这里与springfox略有不同(http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html)
4.与SpringFox的注解对照
5.SpringDoc基本注解用法
这里转载一个写的非常全面的示例接口,原文可以去看:https://blog.csdn.net/zhenghongcs/article/details/123812583
品牌管理Controller
Created by macro on 2019/4/19.
*/@Tag(name = “PmsBrandController”, description = “商品品牌管理”)@Controller@RequestMapping("/brand")public class PmsBrandController {
@Autowired
private PmsBrandService brandService;
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PmsBrandController.class);
@Operation(summary = “获取所有品牌列表”,description = “需要登录后访问”)
@RequestMapping(value = “listAll”, method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public CommonResult<List> getBrandList() {
return CommonResult.success(brandService.listAllBrand());
@Operation(summary = “添加品牌”)
@RequestMapping(value = “/create”, method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
@PreAuthorize(“hasRole(‘ADMIN’)”)
public CommonResult createBrand(@RequestBody PmsBrand pmsBrand) {
CommonResult commonResult;
int count = brandService.createBrand(pmsBrand);
if (count == 1) {
commonResult = CommonResult.success(pmsBrand);
LOGGER.debug(“createBrand success:{}”, pmsBrand);
} else {
commonResult = CommonResult.failed(“操作失败”);
LOGGER.debug(“createBrand failed:{}”, pmsBrand);
return commonResult;
@Operation(summary = “更新指定id品牌信息”)
@RequestMapping(value = “/update/{id}”, method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
@PreAuthorize(“hasRole(‘ADMIN’)”)
public CommonResult updateBrand(@PathVariable(“id”) Long id, @RequestBody PmsBrand pmsBrandDto, BindingResult result) {
CommonResult commonResult;
int count = brandService.updateBrand(id, pmsBrandDto);
if (count == 1) {
commonResult = CommonResult.success(pmsBrandDto);
LOGGER.debug(“updateBrand success:{}”, pmsBrandDto);
} else {
commonResult = CommonResult.failed(“操作失败”);
LOGGER.debug(“updateBrand failed:{}”, pmsBrandDto);
return commonResult;
@Operation(summary = “删除指定id的品牌”)
@RequestMapping(value = “/delete/{id}”, method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
@PreAuthorize(“hasRole(‘ADMIN’)”)
public CommonResult deleteBrand(@PathVariable(“id”) Long id) {
int count = brandService.deleteBrand(id);
if (count == 1) {
LOGGER.debug(“deleteBrand success :id={}”, id);
return CommonResult.success(null);
} else {
LOGGER.debug(“deleteBrand failed :id={}”, id);
return CommonResult.failed(“操作失败”);
@Operation(summary = “分页查询品牌列表”)
@RequestMapping(value = “/list”, method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
@PreAuthorize(“hasRole(‘ADMIN’)”)
public CommonResult<CommonPage> listBrand(@RequestParam(value = “pageNum”, defaultValue = “1”)
@Parameter(description = “页码”) Integer pageNum,
@RequestParam(value = “pageSize”, defaultValue = “3”)
@Parameter(description = “每页数量”) Integer pageSize) {
List brandList = brandService.listBrand(pageNum, pageSize);
return CommonResult.success(CommonPage.restPage(brandList));
@Operation(summary = “获取指定id的品牌详情”)
@RequestMapping(value = “/{id}”, method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
@PreAuthorize(“hasRole(‘ADMIN’)”)
public CommonResult brand(@PathVariable(“id”) Long id) {
return CommonResult.success(brandService.getBrand(id));
6.与SpringSecurity的结合
如果项目中使用了SpringSecurity,需要做两个配置来让springdoc正常使用:
1.在SpringSecurity配置类中放行白名单:"/v3/api-docs/", "/swagger-ui/"
2.在SpringDoc配置中增加对应内容,如下:
@Configurationpublic class SpringDocConfig {
private static final String SECURITY_SCHEME_NAME = "BearerAuth";
@Bean
public OpenAPI managerOpenAPI() {
return new OpenAPI()
.info(new Info().title("Galaxy-Cluster-Manager后端接口文档")
.description("提供给前端界面(portal)的接口文档")
.version("v1.0.0")
.license(new License().name("galaxy 1.2.0").url("https://gitlab.ctyun.cn/hpc/galaxy-parent/-/tree/v1.2.0")))
.externalDocs(new ExternalDocumentation()
.description("弹性高性能计算(CTHPC)")
.url("http://www.ctyun.cn"))
//以下是针对SpringSecurity的设置,同时还有设置白名单
.addSecurityItem(new SecurityRequirement().addList(SECURITY_SCHEME_NAME))
.components(new Components()
.addSecuritySchemes(SECURITY_SCHEME_NAME,
new SecurityScheme()
.name(SECURITY_SCHEME_NAME)
.type(SecurityScheme.Type.HTTP)
.scheme("bearer")
.bearerFormat("JWT")));
@Bean
public GroupedOpenApi publicApi() {
return GroupedOpenApi.builder()
.group("portal")
.pathsToMatch("/api/**")
.build();
7.SpringDoc使用对象作为Query参数的问题
实际上springfox也会有这个问题,使用对象作为query传参的时候,页面通常是这样的:
就没有办法逐个描述参数,也不能逐个调试(只能用json调试),非常的麻烦;springdoc有一个解决这个问题非常方便的注解:@ParameterObject
比如某一个控制器的入参是User user,我们只需要在这前面加上注解变为:@ParameterObject User user 即可,结果如下;
这里也有一个大坑:参数的类型可能会不正确,比如这里我们的id参数实际上是int,但显示出来是string,这个时候就需要我们在User类的属性中加上对应的注解,比如:
@Parameter(description = “id传参”,example = “6”)
再重启UI就会发现参数类型正确了
8.SpringDoc配置扫包范围
有的时候仅仅使用@Hidden并不能满足我们的需要,因为可能需要配置不同group的controller类,这个时候就需要在配置类中取设置扫包范围代码如下:
9.SpringDoc的优劣势
优势:SpringDoc有着非常好看的UI,以及比Springfox更加完善的参数注解体系,看起来非常舒服,并且还在不断更新与维护中
劣势:一些冷门功能还不完善,比如:
a.有十个接口,他们的url是一样的但是可以通过query参数来分别(如:@PostMapping(params = “action=QueryUsers”))这个时候springdoc只能通过扫包范围配置,来写多个GroupOpenApi来解决,非常的麻烦;springfox可以在docket创建的时候使用:docket.enableUrlTemplating(true); 这个方法即可解决
b.springdoc的网络配置可能会与springfox冲突,如果迁移,需要逐个尝试网络配置是否合适(主要是GsonHttpMessageConverter的配置)