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Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2021 Dec 18; 53(6): 1026–1031.
Published online 2021 Oct 29. Chinese. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2021.06.003
PMCID: PMC8695154

Language: Chinese | English

类风湿关节炎患者趋化因子CXCL9和CXCL10在骨侵蚀中的作用

Effect of chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 on bone erosion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

钟 华

北京大学人民医院风湿免疫科,风湿病机制及免疫诊断北京市重点实验室,北京 100044, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis, Beijing 100044, China

Find articles by 钟 华

徐 丽玲

北京大学人民医院风湿免疫科,风湿病机制及免疫诊断北京市重点实验室,北京 100044, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis, Beijing 100044, China

Find articles by 徐 丽玲

白 明欣

北京大学人民医院风湿免疫科,风湿病机制及免疫诊断北京市重点实验室,北京 100044, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis, Beijing 100044, China

Find articles by 白 明欣

苏 茵

北京大学人民医院风湿免疫科,风湿病机制及免疫诊断北京市重点实验室,北京 100044, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis, Beijing 100044, China 北京大学人民医院风湿免疫科,风湿病机制及免疫诊断北京市重点实验室,北京 100044, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis, Beijing 100044, China RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SJC, swollen joints; TJC, tender joints; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; Ig, immunoglo-bulin; RF, rheumatoid factor; ACPA, anti-citrullinated protein antibody. SJC0.3020.0090.4020.002TJC0.1600.1760.3390.010ESR0.1450.2220.2010.135CRP0.0760.5230.2690.043IgA0.1610.1750.2660.045IgG0.0670.5710.1920.153IgM0.2290.0510.3450.009RF0.2850.0150.570< 0.001ACPA0.0310.7930.540< 0.001

2.3. 血清CXCL9和CXCL10水平与RA患者疾病活动度的相关性分析

血清CXCL9和CXCL10水平与RA患者的DAS28评分呈正相关( r =0.301、0.364, P =0.011、0.006, 图 2 )。高疾病活动度组(DAS28>5.1)的RA患者血清CXCL9水平[304.73 (236.42, 617.51) ng/L]、CXCL10水平[132.86 (74.55, 201.05) ng/L]分别显著高于中低疾病活动组(DAS28≤5.1)的CXCL9水平[175.39 (107.29, 481.13) ng/L]和CXCL10水平[60.03 (30.84, 156.21) ng/L],差异有统计学意义( P 均 < 0.05)。

血清CXCL9和CXCL10与RA患者疾病活动度的相关性

Correlation between serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels with disease activities in RA patients

DAS28, disease activity score 28; RA, rheumatoid arthritis.

2.4. 血清CXCL9和CXCL10水平与RA患者骨侵蚀的关系

将骨侵蚀组与非骨侵蚀组RA患者的临床特征、血清学指标、疾病活动度及趋化因子水平进行比较,结果显示骨侵蚀组RA患者的病程更长,且血清CXCL9和CXCL10水平明显高于非骨侵蚀组,差异均有统计学意义( P < 0.05, 表 2 )。

表 2

发生与未发生骨侵蚀的RA患者临床特征及实验室指标

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of RA patients with or without bone erosion

Items All subjects Without bone erosion With bone erosion P value
Data are presented as x ± s and M ( P 25 , P 75 ). RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SJC, swollen joints; TJC, tender joints; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; RF, rheumatoid factor; ACPA, anti-citrullinated protein antibody; DAS28, disease activity score 28.
Patients, n 52 17 35
Gender, n
Female 38 12 26 0.778
Male 14 5 9
Age/years 56 (52, 66) 55 (51, 66) 57 (52, 70) 0.667
Disease duration/month 60 (21, 204) 36 (8, 66) 84 (24, 240) 0.010
SJC, n 4 (1, 8) 2 (0, 8) 5 (2, 8) 0.234
TJC, n 4 (1, 8) 5 (2, 8) 2 (1, 7) 0.169
ESR/(mm/h) 52 (24, 100) 33 (13, 88) 61 (36, 102) 0.077
CRP/(mg/L) 21.30 (6.42, 53.25) 11.40 (3.07, 48.95) 30.90 (9.10, 53.80) 0.084
IgA/(g/L) 2.43 (1.75, 3.59) 2.01 (1.69, 2.86) 2.59 (1.80, 3.81) 0.172
IgG/(g/L) 11.95 (10.43, 13.30) 10.70 (9.77, 12.80) 12.40 (10.70, 14.30) 0.141
IgM/(g/L) 1.29 (0.82, 1.78) 1.22 (0.73, 1.51) 1.34 (0.92, 1.93) 0.310
RF/(IU/mL) 136.50 (31.28, 340.25) 133.00 (34.15, 404.50) 138.00 (28.00, 353.00) 0.984
ACPA/(U/mL) 144.57 (23.91, 200.00) 118.02 (63.96, 200.00) 155.81 (8.36, 200.00) 0.579
DAS28 4.74±1.26 4.52±1.35 4.85±1.22 0.385
CXCL9/(ng/L) 280.27 (150.50, 439.83) 149.90 (75.88, 257.72) 306.84 (234.02, 460.55) < 0.001
CXCL10/(ng/L) 107.10 (52.62, 200.33) 54.43 (26.30, 83.69) 153.74 (89.50, 209.59) 0.001

进一步将病程时间、血清ACPA水平、临床疾病活动度DAS28评分及血清CXCL9和CXCL10水平纳入多因素Logistic回归模型,分析结果显示,长病程、高疾病活动度及高血清CXCL9水平与RA患者发生骨侵蚀相关( 表 3 )。

表 3

血清CXCL9、CXCL10水平与RA骨侵蚀的相关性分析

Multiple Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with RA patients with bone erosion

Items P value
OR , odds ratio; 95% CI , 95% confidence intervals; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; ACPA, anti-citrullinated protein antibody; DAS28, disease activity score 28.
Disease duration 0.015 6.550 1.015 1.003-1.026 0.010
ACPA -0.005 0.834 0.995 0.985-1.006 0.361
DAS28 1.063 4.539 2.896 1.089-7.701 0.033
CXCL9 0.011 8.339 1.012 1.004-1.019 0.004
CXCL10 -0.004 3.204 0.996 0.992-1.000 0.073

3. 讨论

RA是一种致残性、慢性、自身免疫性疾病,早期的组织病理表现包括滑膜细胞增生、间质炎性细胞浸润和血管翳形成,晚期可出现骨和软骨组织破坏、最终导致关节强直、畸形,表现为关节活动受限、功能丧失和生活质量下降。目前,临床上主要依靠影像学手段作为临床评估患者关节破坏的客观指标,虽然随着技术的不断进步,关节超声和MRI的应用已大大提高了RA患者骨侵蚀的早期检出率,但经影像学检查显示异常的患者即使临床症状和体征缓解,关节损伤的进程仍会持续进展。近年来的研究发现,RA患者在病程2年内的骨侵蚀发生率高达90%,且大部分患者在6个月内即开始出现骨侵蚀,而在第1年的骨质破坏进展要明显快于第2年和第3年 [ 17 ] 。本研究旨在探讨血清学指标与骨侵蚀发生的相关性,进一步探索早期监测RA患者骨关节破坏的风险指标。

趋化因子是一类细胞因子样分泌蛋白的超家族,包括CXC、CC、C及CX3C四个亚族,通过与靶细胞表面的受体结合发挥趋化作用,参与多种生理和病理过程,包括炎症、感染、免疫、肿瘤等 [ 18 ] 。既往研究显示,CXC亚家族在自身免疫性疾病中有明显的促炎效应,CXCL9和CXCL10均是CXC亚家族成员,由IFN-γ诱导产生,为趋化因子受体CXCR3的配体,两者结合后促进Th1细胞方向分化 [ 19 - 20 ] 。在炎症细胞中,单核/巨噬细胞和T淋巴细胞是CXCL9和CXCL10的主要来源。趋化因子选择性招募及活化炎症细胞进入滑膜组织中,介导炎症反应,从而在RA骨破坏中发挥重要作用。

CXCL9 的编码基因位置与 CXCL10 基因紧邻 [ 21 ] ,推测两者可能具有相似的功能。本研究结果表明,CXCL9在RA患者外周血中的表达明显升高,且与疾病活动性相关,Logistic分析提示CXCL9水平与RA发生骨侵蚀有关( OR =1.012, P =0.004)。CXCL9除了作为重要的趋化因子参与自体免疫性关节炎发病之外,也有研究报道其参与多种感染、肿瘤及免疫性疾病,如人类免疫缺陷病毒感染、病毒性肝炎、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、狼疮性肾炎、炎症性肠病及移植物抗宿主病等。目前,关于CXCL9对骨破坏的作用机制研究较少,随着人们对骨组织稳态的认识不断加深,CXCLs/CXCR3趋化轴在RA骨代谢中的作用可以作为未来进一步探索的方向。

与CXCL9相比,CXCL10在RA发病中的作用研究较多,但目前的观点并不完全一致。在炎性关节炎小鼠模型的滑膜组织中发现,CXCL10可通过刺激核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand, RANKL)及肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF)在CD4 + T细胞上的表达诱导RA骨破坏的发生,加入拮抗剂后小鼠骨关节的破坏程度明显降低,提示CXCL10可能与骨侵蚀的发生有关联 [ 22 ] 。但也有研究显示,并未在受累关节中发现CXCL10表达上的差异 [ 23 ] 。本研究结果显示,RA患者外周血清中CXCL10的表达水平显著高于健康对照人群,进一步的相关性分析提示,CXCL10与RF及ACPA滴度呈正相关,且高、低疾病活动度的患者组间CXCL10表达差异有统计学意义,高CXCL10水平组RA患者发生骨侵蚀的比例更高。以上结果进一步证实了CXCL10可以作为RA患者体内炎症活跃及骨破坏发生的提示指标,然而Logistic回归分析未证实这种关联( OR =0.996, P >0.05)。以上结果的不一致可能与病例选择的异质性有关,RA是一个长病程、多因素参与的复杂疾病,趋化因子在不同阶段发挥的主要作用会受到其他细胞因子的调节,因此,CXCL10与骨破坏之间的关系还需要进一步挖掘。

综上所述,RA患者血清中趋化因子CXCL9和CXCL10的表达水平升高,与RA疾病活动性及骨侵蚀具有相关性,可能是参与RA骨破坏的重要因子。本研究尚存在一定的局限性,一方面,横断面研究对因果关系的分析能力不足,尚不足以论证RA罹患骨侵蚀的危险因素;另一方面,具有完整影像学资料的例数较少且缺少随访数据。在后续研究中,可以进一步扩大样本量并设计随访队列完善对骨侵蚀的评估,明确CXCLs/CXCR3趋化轴在RA骨代谢中的作用机制。

Funding Statement

国家自然科学基金(81671609)和北京市科技计划(Z191100006619111)

Funding Statement

Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81671609) and Beijing Scientific Program (Z191100006619111)

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