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To explore the efficacy and adverse reactions of nusinersen combined with risdiplam in the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 10 pediatric SMA patients treated with nusinersen combined with risdiplam at the Children's Medical Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.
Results
Among the 10 SMA patients, there were 4 with type I, 4 with type II, and 2 with type III. Nine patients initially received nusinersen monotherapy, while 1 patient received nusinersen combined with risdiplam. The median duration of combination therapy with nusinersen and risdiplam for the 10 patients was 10.5 months (range: 0.5-20.0 months), with 6 patients undergoing combination therapy for more than 6 months, showing improvements in motor and/or respiratory function. The remaining 4 patients had combination treatment durations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.3, and 4.0 months, respectively, with no significant overall improvement. After combined treatment, 5 patients experienced skin hyperpigmentation, 2 had lumbar puncture site pain, 1 experienced vomiting, 1 had increased sputum production, and 1 had reduced total sleep time. All adverse reactions were mild and did not require medical intervention.
Conclusions
Nusinersen combined with risdiplam demonstrates efficacy in the treatment of SMA, and no significant adverse reactions have been observed.
运动功能评估量表选择:Ⅰ型患儿使用费城儿童医院婴儿神经肌肉疾病测试(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders, CHOP-INTEND),Ⅱ和Ⅲ型患儿使用汉默史密斯功能运动量表/扩展版(Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale-Extended, HFMSE)。两个评估量表的分数越高代表运动功能越好,其中CHOP-INTEND评分提高≥4分、HFMSE评分提高≥3分时,具有临床意义的改善。
目前尚无诺西那生钠联合利司扑兰治疗SMA的临床报道,但检索到2篇关于ASO与小分子物质联合治疗的临床前研究。2021年,Kray等
[
16
]
在Δ7SMA小鼠症状前(2日龄,P2)、出现症状时(4日龄,P4)和症状后(6日龄,P6)3个时间点分别进行RG7800单药和ASO+RG7800联合治疗。结果显示,与单药治疗组相比,联合治疗组小鼠FL-
SMN
转录本和FL-SMN蛋白数量均明显增加,P2、P4和P6的FL-
SMN
转录本分别提高75%(
P
<0.001)、77%(
P
<0.001)和17%(
P
<0.05),所有联合治疗组的FL-
SMN
转录本总量均达到了相似水平,且与杂合对照小鼠组比较差异无统计学意义。P2、P4和P6的脊髓组织FL-SMN蛋白量分别提高72%(
P
<0.05)、45%(
P
<0.001)和47%(
P
<0.05)。并且,在P6接受联合治疗的小鼠生存期较单药治疗提高80%(
P
<0.001),运动神经元功能也完全恢复,但其复合肌肉动作电位和运动单位数目与单药治疗组比较差异无统计学意义。该研究提示联合治疗具有协同作用,不会产生竞争关系,并且可挽救有症状Δ7SMA小鼠的运动功能。2024年,Ottesen等
[
17
]
进行了体外实验,使用靶向ISS-N1的ASO药物(anti-N1)和小分子化合物(利司扑兰和布拉普兰)处理SMA患者皮肤成纤维细胞,通过对
SMN2
基因mRNA进行半定量聚合酶链反应分析和细胞转录组分析,证实了低浓度anti-N1(5 nmol/L)与利司扑兰或布拉普兰联合使用在
SMN2
基因外显子7剪切校正方面具有协同作用,并能最大限度降低脱靶效应的风险。2项研究均提示联合治疗在提高FL-SMN蛋白水平上具有协同作用,可提高治疗效果。
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Articles from Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics are provided here courtesy of
Xiangya Hospital, Central South University