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javax.xml.bind.JAXBException Implementation of JAXB-API has not been found on module path or classpath

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I'm trying to run my Spring Boot application on Java 9, and I've faced with JAXB problem, which described in the guides, but didn't work for me. I've added dependency on JAXB api, and application started working. If you get the following exception, as a result of missing JAXB missing implementation using Java version >=9:
javax.xml.bind.JAXBException: Implementation of JAXB-API has not been found on module path or classpath.
    at javax.xml.bind.ContextFinder.newInstance(ContextFinder.java:177) ~[jaxb-api-2.3.0.jar:2.3.0]
    at javax.xml.bind.ContextFinder.find(ContextFinder.java:364) ~[jaxb-api-2.3.0.jar:2.3.0]
    at javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext.newInstance(JAXBContext.java:508) ~[jaxb-api-2.3.0.jar:2.3.0]
    at javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext.newInstance(JAXBContext.java:465) ~[jaxb-api-2.3.0.jar:2.3.0]
    at javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext.newInstance(JAXBContext.java:366) ~[jaxb-api-2.3.0.jar:2.3.0]
    at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.wadl.WadlApplicationContextImpl.<init>(WadlApplicationContextImpl.java:107) ~[jersey-server-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.wadl.WadlFactory.init(WadlFactory.java:100) [jersey-server-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.application.RootResourceUriRules.initWadl(RootResourceUriRules.java:169) [jersey-server-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.application.RootResourceUriRules.<init>(RootResourceUriRules.java:106) [jersey-server-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.application.WebApplicationImpl._initiate(WebApplicationImpl.java:1359) [jersey-server-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.application.WebApplicationImpl.access$700(WebApplicationImpl.java:180) [jersey-server-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.application.WebApplicationImpl$13.f(WebApplicationImpl.java:799) [jersey-server-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.application.WebApplicationImpl$13.f(WebApplicationImpl.java:795) [jersey-server-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.spi.inject.Errors.processWithErrors(Errors.java:193) [jersey-core-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.application.WebApplicationImpl.initiate(WebApplicationImpl.java:795) [jersey-server-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.application.WebApplicationImpl.initiate(WebApplicationImpl.java:790) [jersey-server-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.ServletContainer.initiate(ServletContainer.java:509) [jersey-servlet-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.ServletContainer$InternalWebComponent.initiate(ServletContainer.java:339) [jersey-servlet-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.WebComponent.load(WebComponent.java:605) [jersey-servlet-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.WebComponent.init(WebComponent.java:207) [jersey-servlet-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.ServletContainer.init(ServletContainer.java:394) [jersey-servlet-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.ServletContainer.init(ServletContainer.java:744) [jersey-servlet-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:270) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:106) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4491) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5135) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1427) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1417) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264) [na:na]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:140) [na:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:943) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:839) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1427) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1417) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264) [na:na]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:140) [na:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:943) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:258) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:422) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:770) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:371) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.initialize(TomcatWebServer.java:107) [spring-boot-2.1.0.M1.jar:2.1.0.M1]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.<init>(TomcatWebServer.java:86) [spring-boot-2.1.0.M1.jar:2.1.0.M1]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getTomcatWebServer(TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java:413) [spring-boot-2.1.0.M1.jar:2.1.0.M1]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getWebServer(TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java:174) [spring-boot-2.1.0.M1.jar:2.1.0.M1]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.createWebServer(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:179) [spring-boot-2.1.0.M1.jar:2.1.0.M1]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.onRefresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:152) [spring-boot-2.1.0.M1.jar:2.1.0.M1]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:542) [spring-context-5.1.0.RC1.jar:5.1.0.RC1]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:140) [spring-boot-2.1.0.M1.jar:2.1.0.M1]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:769) [spring-boot-2.1.0.M1.jar:2.1.0.M1]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:405) [spring-boot-2.1.0.M1.jar:2.1.0.M1]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:334) [spring-boot-2.1.0.M1.jar:2.1.0.M1]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1252) [spring-boot-2.1.0.M1.jar:2.1.0.M1]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1240) [spring-boot-2.1.0.M1.jar:2.1.0.M1]
    at io.eureka.server.EurekaServerApp.main(EurekaServerApp.java:21) [classes/:na]
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:564) ~[na:na]
    at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartLauncher.run(RestartLauncher.java:49) [spring-boot-devtools-2.1.0.M1.jar:2.1.0.M1]
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.ContextFactory
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader.loadClass(TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader.java:70) ~[spring-boot-2.1.0.M1.jar:2.1.0.M1]
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1138) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.10.jar:9.0.10]
    at javax.xml.bind.ServiceLoaderUtil.nullSafeLoadClass(ServiceLoaderUtil.java:122) ~[jaxb-api-2.3.0.jar:2.3.0]
    at javax.xml.bind.ServiceLoaderUtil.safeLoadClass(ServiceLoaderUtil.java:155) ~[jaxb-api-2.3.0.jar:2.3.0]
    at javax.xml.bind.ContextFinder.newInstance(ContextFinder.java:174) ~[jaxb-api-2.3.0.jar:2.3.0]
    ... 66 common frames omitted
                Marking duplicate as the answer stackoverflow.com/a/48279048/1746118 is same as what you've posted.
– Naman
                Aug 19, 2018 at 9:27
                @nullpointer This question is not a duplicate. When people run into issues they google the stacktrace. In my case, I posted the entire stacktrace in the question, which proves to be helpful to people when investigating such exceptions. The solution might have been the same, but the questions, context, stactrace and the exceptions addressed are different. If the original question had bundled or quoted exceptions to expect as signs to apply this kind of solution, it would have been helpful. But no, that isn't the case, that's why the solution has got some votes up regardless of duplicate label.
– S34N
                Dec 4, 2018 at 10:41
                Do this in a profile:  <profiles> 		<profile> 			<id>java11</id> 			<activation> 				<jdk>[11,)</jdk> 			</activation> 			<dependencies> 				<dependency> 					<groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId> 					<artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId> 				</dependency> 			</dependencies> 		</profile> 	</profiles>
– Elated Coder
                Oct 25, 2022 at 10:11
compile('javax.xml.bind:jaxb-api:2.3.0')
compile('javax.activation:activation:1.1')
compile('org.glassfish.jaxb:jaxb-runtime:2.3.0')
Pom:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.xml.bind/jaxb-api -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
    <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.0-b170201.1204</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.activation/activation -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
    <artifactId>activation</artifactId>
    <version>1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.glassfish.jaxb/jaxb-runtime -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
    <artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.0-b170127.1453</version>
</dependency>
                Jaxb is included in spring-boot-data-jpa 2.1.0 mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/…
– Mariano LEANCE
                May 2, 2019 at 4:08
                This worked for me but I see this warning:  Illegal reflective access by com.sun.xml.bind.v2.runtime.reflect.opt.Injector ...  to method java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(java.lang.String,byte[],int,int)
– djangofan
                Dec 31, 2019 at 21:59
                Strange... When I run the app jar from terminal the error doesn't occur. It occurs only when I run the app from Intellij IDEA.
– ka3ak
                Oct 15, 2020 at 15:56
                Note: this is a deprecated fix which also implies Illegal reflective access error. Look at Jakarta EE 9 solution here: stackoverflow.com/a/52502208/547270.
– scrutari
                Dec 5, 2020 at 18:50
For those seeing this issue more recently with IntelliJ and Java 17
<dependency>
    <groupId>jakarta.xml.bind</groupId>
    <artifactId>jakarta.xml.bind-api</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
    <artifactId>jaxb-impl</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.0</version>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
I had the same problem with a very different root cause. After adding all the possible combination of libraries without success I discovered that, as stated in this question, executing the REST client within a custom ForkJoinPool affected the class loading process.
Other people seems to have suffered from the same problem (1, 2)
                Instead of a ForkJoin, is it possible to maybe reconsider your design? While putting the identified limitation into consideration as a workaround.
– S34N
                Jun 9, 2022 at 12:07
                Using parallel streams solved my problem. It seems that previous developer tried to implement a custom thread pool like here baeldung.com/java-8-parallel-streams-custom-threadpool
– borjab
                Jun 9, 2022 at 16:20
                I would not recommend downgrading the version of Java. It's like growing backwards into the past & not into the future.
– S34N
                Aug 31, 2022 at 20:30
If your application is running, but you get this error when you call the web service, you don't have to add all dependencies in the approved answer. The following dependency is sufficient.
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
    <artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.1</version>
</dependency>
You can check the following link for other issues with creating SOAP web service for java 9 and above, and a working sample soap service with java 11.
java-11-soap-service-resolving-issues
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