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I tried the sample provided within the documentation of the
requests library
for python.
With
async.map(rs)
, I get the response codes, but I want to get the content of each page requested. This, for example, does not work:
out = async.map(rs)
print out[0].content
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The below answer is not applicable to requests v0.13.0+. The asynchronous functionality was moved to grequests after this question was written. However, you could just replace requests with grequests below and it should work.
I've left this answer as is to reflect the original question which was about using requests < v0.13.0.
To do multiple tasks with async.map asynchronously you have to:
Define a function for what you want to do with each object (your task)
Add that function as an event hook in your request
Call async.map on a list of all the requests / actions
Example:
from requests import async
# If using requests > v0.13.0, use
# from grequests import async
urls = [
'http://python-requests.org',
'http://httpbin.org',
'http://python-guide.org',
'http://kennethreitz.com'
# A simple task to do to each response object
def do_something(response):
print response.url
# A list to hold our things to do via async
async_list = []
for u in urls:
# The "hooks = {..." part is where you define what you want to do
# Note the lack of parentheses following do_something, this is
# because the response will be used as the first argument automatically
action_item = async.get(u, hooks = {'response' : do_something})
# Add the task to our list of things to do via async
async_list.append(action_item)
# Do our list of things to do via async
async.map(async_list)
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–
–
async is now an independent module : grequests.
See here :https://github.com/spyoungtech/grequests
And there: Ideal method for sending multiple HTTP requests over Python?
installation:
$ pip install grequests
usage:
build a stack:
import grequests
urls = [
'http://www.heroku.com',
'http://tablib.org',
'http://httpbin.org',
'http://python-requests.org',
'http://kennethreitz.com'
rs = (grequests.get(u) for u in urls)
send the stack
grequests.map(rs)
result looks like
[<Response [200]>, <Response [200]>, <Response [200]>, <Response [200]>, <Response [200]>]
grequests don't seem to set a limitation for concurrent requests, ie when multiple requests are sent to the same server.
–
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I tested both requests-futures and grequests. Grequests is faster but brings monkey patching and additional problems with dependencies. requests-futures is several times slower than grequests. I decided to write my own and simply wrapped requests into ThreadPoolExecutor and it was almost as fast as grequests, but without external dependencies.
import requests
import concurrent.futures
def get_urls():
return ["url1","url2"]
def load_url(url, timeout):
return requests.get(url, timeout = timeout)
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=20) as executor:
future_to_url = {executor.submit(load_url, url, 10): url for url in get_urls()}
for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_url):
url = future_to_url[future]
data = future.result()
except Exception as exc:
resp_err = resp_err + 1
else:
resp_ok = resp_ok + 1
–
–
–
Unfortunately, as far as I know, the requests library is not equipped for performing asynchronous requests. You can wrap async/await syntax around requests, but that will make the underlying requests no less synchronous. If you want true async requests, you must use other tooling that provides it. One such solution is aiohttp (Python 3.5.3+). It works well in my experience using it with the Python 3.7 async/await syntax. Below I write three implementations of performing n web requests using
Purely synchronous requests (sync_requests_get_all) using the Python requests library
Synchronous requests (async_requests_get_all) using the Python requests library wrapped in Python 3.7 async/await syntax and asyncio
A truly asynchronous implementation (async_aiohttp_get_all) with the Python aiohttp library wrapped in Python 3.7 async/await syntax and asyncio
Tested in Python 3.5.10
import time
import asyncio
import requests
import aiohttp
from asgiref import sync
def timed(func):
records approximate durations of function calls
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
start = time.time()
print('{name:<30} started'.format(name=func.__name__))
result = func(*args, **kwargs)
duration = "{name:<30} finished in {elapsed:.2f} seconds".format(
name=func.__name__, elapsed=time.time() - start
print(duration)
timed.durations.append(duration)
return result
return wrapper
timed.durations = []
@timed
def sync_requests_get_all(urls):
performs synchronous get requests
# use session to reduce network overhead
session = requests.Session()
return [session.get(url).json() for url in urls]
@timed
def async_requests_get_all(urls):
asynchronous wrapper around synchronous requests
session = requests.Session()
# wrap requests.get into an async function
def get(url):
return session.get(url).json()
async_get = sync.sync_to_async(get)
async def get_all(urls):
return await asyncio.gather(*[
async_get(url) for url in urls
# call get_all as a sync function to be used in a sync context
return sync.async_to_sync(get_all)(urls)
@timed
def async_aiohttp_get_all(urls):
performs asynchronous get requests
async def get_all(urls):
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async def fetch(url):
async with session.get(url) as response:
return await response.json()
return await asyncio.gather(*[
fetch(url) for url in urls
# call get_all as a sync function to be used in a sync context
return sync.async_to_sync(get_all)(urls)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# this endpoint takes ~3 seconds to respond,
# so a purely synchronous implementation should take
# little more than 30 seconds and a purely asynchronous
# implementation should take little more than 3 seconds.
urls = ['https://postman-echo.com/delay/3']*10
async_aiohttp_get_all(urls)
async_requests_get_all(urls)
sync_requests_get_all(urls)
print('----------------------')
[print(duration) for duration in timed.durations]
On my machine, this is the output:
async_aiohttp_get_all started
async_aiohttp_get_all finished in 3.20 seconds
async_requests_get_all started
async_requests_get_all finished in 30.61 seconds
sync_requests_get_all started
sync_requests_get_all finished in 30.59 seconds
----------------------
async_aiohttp_get_all finished in 3.20 seconds
async_requests_get_all finished in 30.61 seconds
sync_requests_get_all finished in 30.59 seconds
–
–
maybe requests-futures is another choice.
from requests_futures.sessions import FuturesSession
session = FuturesSession()
# first request is started in background
future_one = session.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
# second requests is started immediately
future_two = session.get('http://httpbin.org/get?foo=bar')
# wait for the first request to complete, if it hasn't already
response_one = future_one.result()
print('response one status: {0}'.format(response_one.status_code))
print(response_one.content)
# wait for the second request to complete, if it hasn't already
response_two = future_two.result()
print('response two status: {0}'.format(response_two.status_code))
print(response_two.content)
It is also recommended in the office document. If you don't want involve gevent, it's a good one.
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async def get_async(url):
async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
return await client.get(url)
urls = ["http://google.com", "http://wikipedia.org"]
# Note that you need an async context to use `await`.
await asyncio.gather(*map(get_async, urls))
if you want a functional syntax, the gamla lib wraps this into get_async.
Then you can do
await gamla.map(gamla.get_async(10))(["http://google.com", "http://wikipedia.org"])
The 10 is the timeout in seconds.
(disclaimer: I am its author)
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I have a lot of issues with most of the answers posted - they either use deprecated libraries that have been ported over with limited features, or provide a solution with too much magic on the execution of the request, making it difficult to error handle. If they do not fall into one of the above categories, they're 3rd party libraries or deprecated.
Some of the solutions works alright purely in http requests, but the solutions fall short for any other kind of request, which is ludicrous. A highly customized solution is not necessary here.
Simply using the python built-in library asyncio is sufficient enough to perform asynchronous requests of any type, as well as providing enough fluidity for complex and usecase specific error handling.
import asyncio
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
def do_thing(params):
async def get_rpc_info_and_do_chores(id):
# do things
response = perform_grpc_call(id)
do_chores(response)
async def get_httpapi_info_and_do_chores(id):
# do things
response = requests.get(URL)
do_chores(response)
async_tasks = []
for element in list(params.list_of_things):
async_tasks.append(loop.create_task(get_chan_info_and_do_chores(id)))
async_tasks.append(loop.create_task(get_httpapi_info_and_do_chores(ch_id)))
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*async_tasks))
How it works is simple. You're creating a series of tasks you'd like to occur asynchronously, and then asking a loop to execute those tasks and exit upon completion. No extra libraries subject to lack of maintenance, no lack of functionality required.
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I know this has been closed for a while, but I thought it might be useful to promote another async solution built on the requests library.
list_of_requests = ['http://moop.com', 'http://doop.com', ...]
from simple_requests import Requests
for response in Requests().swarm(list_of_requests):
print response.content
The docs are here: http://pythonhosted.org/simple-requests/
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DISCLAMER: Following code creates different threads for each function.
This might be useful for some of the cases as it is simpler to use. But know that it is not async but gives illusion of async using multiple threads, even though decorator suggests that.
You can use the following decorator to give a callback once the execution of function is completed, the callback must handle the processing of data returned by the function.
Please note that after the function is decorated it will return a Future object.
import asyncio
## Decorator implementation of async runner !!
def run_async(callback, loop=None):
if loop is None:
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
def inner(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
def __exec():
out = func(*args, **kwargs)
callback(out)
return out
return loop.run_in_executor(None, __exec)
return wrapper
return inner
Example of implementation:
urls = ["https://google.com", "https://facebook.com", "https://apple.com", "https://netflix.com"]
loaded_urls = [] # OPTIONAL, used for showing realtime, which urls are loaded !!
def _callback(resp):
print(resp.url)
print(resp)
loaded_urls.append((resp.url, resp)) # OPTIONAL, used for showing realtime, which urls are loaded !!
# Must provide a callback function, callback func will be executed after the func completes execution
# Callback function will accept the value returned by the function.
@run_async(_callback)
def get(url):
return requests.get(url)
for url in urls:
get(url)
If you wish to see which url are loaded in real-time then, you can add the following code at the end as well:
while True:
print(loaded_urls)
if len(loaded_urls) == len(urls):
break
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I second the suggestion above to use HTTPX, but I often use it in a different way so am adding my answer.
I personally use asyncio.run (introduced in Python 3.7) rather than asyncio.gather and also prefer the aiostream approach, which can be used in combination with asyncio and httpx.
As in this example I just posted, this style is helpful for processing a set of URLs asynchronously even despite the (common) occurrence of errors. I particularly like how that style clarifies where the response processing occurs and for ease of error handling (which I find async calls tend to give more of).
It's easier to post a simple example of just firing off a bunch of requests asynchronously, but often you also want to handle the response content (compute something with it, perhaps with reference to the original object that the URL you requested was to do with).
The core of that approach looks like:
async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=timeout) as session:
ws = stream.repeat(session)
xs = stream.zip(ws, stream.iterate(urls))
ys = stream.starmap(xs, fetch, ordered=False, task_limit=20)
process = partial(process_thing, things=things, pbar=pbar, verbose=verbose)
zs = stream.map(ys, process)
return await zs
where:
process_thing is an async response content handling function
things is the input list (which the urls generator of URL strings came from), e.g. a list of objects/dictionaries
pbar is a progress bar (e.g. tqdm.tqdm) [optional but useful]
All of that goes in an async function async_fetch_urlset which is then run by calling a synchronous 'top-level' function named e.g. fetch_things which runs the coroutine [this is what's returned by an async function] and manages the event loop:
def fetch_things(urls, things, pbar=None, verbose=False):
return asyncio.run(async_fetch_urlset(urls, things, pbar, verbose))
Since a list passed as input (here it's things) can be modified in-place, you can effectively get output back (as we're used to from synchronous function calls)
Non of the answers above helped me because they assume that you have a predefined list of requests, while in my case i need to be able to listen to requests and respond asynchronously (in similar way to how it works in nodejs).
def handle_finished_request(r, **kwargs):
print(r)
# while True:
def main():
while True:
address = listen_to_new_msg() # based on your server
# schedule async requests and run 'handle_finished_request' on response
req = grequests.get(address, timeout=1, hooks=dict(response=handle_finished_request))
job = grequests.send(req) # does not block! for more info see https://stackoverflow.com/a/16016635/10577976
main()
the handle_finished_request callback would be called when a response is received. note: for some reason timeout (or no response) does not trigger error here
This simple loop can trigger async requests similarly to how it would work in nodejs server
I would highly recommend hyper_requests (https://github.com/edjones84/hyper-requests) for this which allows for a list of the urls and parameters to be generated and then requests to be run asynchronously:
import hyper_requests
# Define the request parameters
params = [
{'url': 'http://httpbin.org/get' , 'data': 'value1'},
{'url': 'http://httpbin.org/get' , 'data': 'value3'},
{'url': 'http://httpbin.org/get' , 'data': 'value5'},
{'url': 'http://httpbin.org/get' , 'data': 'value7'},
{'url': 'http://httpbin.org/get' , 'data': 'value9'}
# Create an instance of AsyncRequests and execute the requests
returned_data = hyper_requests.get(request_params=params, workers=10)
# Process the returned data
for response in returned_data:
print(response)
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