public TestViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) var testEvent = eventAggregator.GetEvent(); testEvent.Subscribe(() => { }, ThreadOption.UIThread); public class TestEvent : PubSubEvent

上面是一段使用了 Prism 的单元测试,它主要的逻辑是在 EventAggregator 中订阅了 TestEvent,当接收到消息后在 UI 线程上执行后续的逻辑。这种代码在正常程序中没有问题,但在单元测试中会报错:

System.InvalidOperationException: To use the UIThread option for subscribing, the EventAggregator must be constructed on the UI thread.

2. 原因

翻翻源码,可以发现这个 Exception 在 PubSubEvent Subscribe 函数中抛出:

switch (threadOption)
    case ThreadOption.PublisherThread:
        subscription = new EventSubscription(actionReference);
        break;
    case ThreadOption.BackgroundThread:
        subscription = new BackgroundEventSubscription(actionReference);
        break;
    case ThreadOption.UIThread:
        if (SynchronizationContext == null) throw new InvalidOperationException(Resources.EventAggregatorNotConstructedOnUIThread);
        subscription = new DispatcherEventSubscription(actionReference, SynchronizationContext);
        break;
    default:
        subscription = new EventSubscription(actionReference);
        break;

SynchronizationContext 为 null 时就会判断当前不在 UI 线程,然后抛出 Exception。而 SynchronizationContext 又是在 EventAggregator 中赋值:

private readonly SynchronizationContext syncContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;
public TEventType GetEvent<TEventType>() where TEventType : EventBase, new()
    lock (events)
        EventBase existingEvent = null;
        if (!events.TryGetValue(typeof(TEventType), out existingEvent))
            TEventType newEvent = new TEventType();
            newEvent.SynchronizationContext = syncContext;
            events[typeof(TEventType)] = newEvent;
            return newEvent;
            return (TEventType)existingEvent;

问题就出在 SynchronizationContext.Current 这里。这个属性用于获取当前线程的同步上下文。不是每一个线程都有一个 SynchronizationContext 对象。一个总是有 SynchronizationContext 对象的是UI线程。由于单元测试并不是运行在 UI 线程,所以这个属性在单元测试中一直为 null。

3. 解决方案

现在我们知道问题原因了,解决方案也很简单,只要自定义一个 EventAggregator,源码全部照抄,但是把这句:

private readonly SynchronizationContext syncContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;

替换成这句:

private readonly SynchronizationContext syncContext = new SynchronizationContext();

就不会出现 PubSubEvent 中 SynchronizationContext 等于 null 的情况了。然后再把这个类注册到容器中作为 IEventAggregator:

ContainerLocator.Current.RegisterSingleton<IEventAggregator, MyEventAggregator>();

4. 最后

根据单元测试项目的结构,容器的初始化会有不同的方式,如果想尽量模仿 PrismApplication 的话可以参考 PrismApplicationBasePrismInitializationExtensions 写一个初始化类,大概差不多这样(简化了部分代码):

[TestClass]
public abstract class TestInitializerBase
    public void Initialize()
        ContainerLocator.SetContainerExtension(() => new UnityContainerExtension());
        ContainerExtension = ContainerLocator.Current;
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IDialogService, DialogService>();
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IModuleInitializer, ModuleInitializer>();
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IModuleManager, ModuleManager>();
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<RegionAdapterMappings>();
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IRegionManager, RegionManager>();
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IRegionNavigationContentLoader, RegionNavigationContentLoader>();
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IEventAggregator, EventAggregator>();
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IRegionViewRegistry, RegionViewRegistry>();
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IRegionBehaviorFactory, RegionBehaviorFactory>();
        ContainerExtension.Register<IRegionNavigationJournalEntry, RegionNavigationJournalEntry>();
        ContainerExtension.Register<IRegionNavigationJournal, RegionNavigationJournal>();
        ContainerExtension.Register<IRegionNavigationService, RegionNavigationService>();
        RegisterRequiredTypes(ContainerExtension);
    public IContainerExtension ContainerExtension { get; private set; }
    protected abstract void RegisterRequiredTypes(IContainerRegistry containerRegistry);
public class TestInitializer : TestInitializerBase
    [AssemblyInitialize]
    public static void InitializeAseemble(TestContext testContext)
        var testInitializer = new TestInitializer();
        testInitializer.Initialize();
    protected override void RegisterRequiredTypes(IContainerRegistry containerRegistry)
        containerRegistry.RegisterSingleton<IEventAggregator, MyEventAggregator>();

这样在 TestInitializer 中可以注册各种方便单元测试的伪对象。