在实际开发中，很多场景需要异步处理，这时就需要用到RabbitMQ，而且随着场景的增多程序可能需要连接多个RabbitMQ。SpringBoot本身提供了默认的配置可以快速配置连接RabbitMQ，但是只能连接一个RabbitMQ，当需要连接多个RabbitMQ时，默认的配置就不太适用了，需要单独编写每个连接。

在SpringBoot框架中，我们常用的两个类一般是：

所以我们连接多个RabbitMQ就需要重新建立连接、重新实现这两个类。 代码如下：

application.properties 配置文件需要配置两个连接：

server.port=8080
# rabbitmq
v2.spring.rabbitmq.host=host
v2.spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
v2.spring.rabbitmq.username=username
v2.spring.rabbitmq.password=password
v2.spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=virtual-host
#consume 手动 ack
v2.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
#1.当mandatory标志位设置为true时，
#   如果exchange根据自身类型和消息routingKey无法找到一个合适的queue存储消息，
#   那么broker会调用basic.return方法将消息返还给生产者;
#2.当mandatory设置为false时，出现上述情况broker会直接将消息丢弃;通俗的讲，
#   mandatory标志告诉broker代理服务器至少将消息route到一个队列中，
#   否则就将消息return给发送者;
v2.spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
#publisher confirms 发送确认
v2.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
#returns callback ：
#   1.未送达exchange
#   2.送达exchange却未送道queue的消息 回调returnCallback.（注意）出现2情况时，publisher-confirms 回调的是true
v2.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
v2.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch=5
# rabbitmq
v1.spring.rabbitmq.host=host
v1.spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
v1.spring.rabbitmq.username=username
v1.spring.rabbitmq.password=password
v1.spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=virtual-host
#consume 手动 ack
v1.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
#1.当mandatory标志位设置为true时，
#   如果exchange根据自身类型和消息routingKey无法找到一个合适的queue存储消息，
#   那么broker会调用basic.return方法将消息返还给生产者;
#2.当mandatory设置为false时，出现上述情况broker会直接将消息丢弃;通俗的讲，
#   mandatory标志告诉broker代理服务器至少将消息route到一个队列中，
#   否则就将消息return给发送者;
v1.spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
#publisher confirms 发送确认
v1.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
#returns callback ：
#   1.未送达exchange
#   2.送达exchange却未送道queue的消息 回调returnCallback.（注意）出现2情况时，publisher-confirms 回调的是true
v1.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
v1.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch=5
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重写连接工厂

需要注意的是，在多源的情况下，需要在某个连接加上 @Primary 注解，表示主连接，默认使用这个连接

package com.example.config.rabbitmq;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AcknowledgeMode;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.config.SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactoryConfigurer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
 * Created by shuai on 2019/4/23.
@Configuration
public class MultipleRabbitMQConfig {
    @Bean(name = "v2ConnectionFactory")
    public CachingConnectionFactory hospSyncConnectionFactory(
            @Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.host}") String host,
            @Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.port}") int port,
            @Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.username}") String username,
            @Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.password}") String password,
            @Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host}") String virtualHost,
            @Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms}") Boolean publisherConfirms,
            @Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns}") Boolean publisherReturns) {
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(host);
        connectionFactory.setPort(port);
        connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
        connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualHost);
        connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(publisherConfirms);
        connectionFactory.setPublisherReturns(publisherReturns);
        return connectionFactory;
    @Bean(name = "v2RabbitTemplate")
    public RabbitTemplate firstRabbitTemplate(
            @Qualifier("v2ConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
            @Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory}") Boolean mandatory) {
        RabbitTemplate v2RabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
        v2RabbitTemplate.setMandatory(mandatory);
        v2RabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback((correlationData, ack, s) -> {
            if (!ack) {
//                    LOGGER.info("{} 发送RabbitMQ消息 ack确认 失败: [{}]", this.name, JSON.toJSONString(object));
            } else {
//                    LOGGER.info("{} 发送RabbitMQ消息 ack确认 成功: [{}]", this.name, JSON.toJSONString(object));
        v2RabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback((message, code, s, exchange, routingKey) -> {
//                LOGGER.error("{} 发送RabbitMQ消息returnedMessage，出现异常，Exchange不存在或发送至Exchange却没有发送到Queue中，message：[{}], code[{}], s[{}], exchange[{}], routingKey[{}]", new Object[]{this.name, JSON.toJSONString(message), JSON.toJSONString(code), JSON.toJSONString(s), JSON.toJSONString(exchange), JSON.toJSONString(routingKey)});
        return v2RabbitTemplate;
    @Bean(name = "v2ContainerFactory")
    public SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory hospSyncFactory(
            @Qualifier("v2ConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
            @Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode}") String acknowledge,
            @Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch}") Integer prefetch
        SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();
        factory.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        factory.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.valueOf(acknowledge.toUpperCase()));
        factory.setPrefetchCount(prefetch);
        return factory;
    @Bean(name = "v2RabbitAdmin")
    public RabbitAdmin iqianzhanRabbitAdmin(
            @Qualifier("v2ConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
        rabbitAdmin.setAutoStartup(true);
        return rabbitAdmin;
    // mq主连接
    @Bean(name = "v1ConnectionFactory")
    @Primary
    public CachingConnectionFactory publicConnectionFactory(
            @Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.host}") String host,
            @Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.port}") int port,
            @Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.username}") String username,
            @Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.password}") String password,
            @Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host}") String virtualHost,
            @Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms}") Boolean publisherConfirms,
            @Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns}") Boolean publisherReturns) {
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(host);
        connectionFactory.setPort(port);
        connectionFactory




    
.setUsername(username);
        connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualHost);
        connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(publisherConfirms);
        connectionFactory.setPublisherReturns(publisherReturns);
        return connectionFactory;
    @Bean(name = "v1RabbitTemplate")
    @Primary
    public RabbitTemplate publicRabbitTemplate(
            @Qualifier("v1ConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
            @Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory}") Boolean mandatory) {
        RabbitTemplate v1RabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
        v1RabbitTemplate.setMandatory(mandatory);
        v1RabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback((correlationData, ack, s) -> {
            if (!ack) {
//                    LOGGER.info("{} 发送RabbitMQ消息 ack确认 失败: [{}]", this.name, JSON.toJSONString(object));
            } else {
//                    LOGGER.info("{} 发送RabbitMQ消息 ack确认 成功: [{}]", this.name, JSON.toJSONString(object));
        v1RabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback((message, code, s, exchange, routingKey) -> {
//                LOGGER.error("{} 发送RabbitMQ消息returnedMessage，出现异常，Exchange不存在或发送至Exchange却没有发送到Queue中，message：[{}], code[{}], s[{}], exchange[{}], routingKey[{}]", new Object[]{this.name, JSON.toJSONString(message), JSON.toJSONString(code), JSON.toJSONString(s), JSON.toJSONString(exchange), JSON.toJSONString(routingKey)});
        return v1RabbitTemplate;
    @Bean(name = "v1ContainerFactory")
    @Primary
    public SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory insMessageListenerContainer(
            @Qualifier("v1ConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
            @Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode}") String acknowledge,
            @Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch}") Integer prefetch) {
        SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();
        factory.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        factory.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.valueOf(acknowledge.toUpperCase()));
        factory.setPrefetchCount(prefetch);
        return factory;
    @Bean(name = "v1RabbitAdmin")
    @Primary
    public RabbitAdmin publicRabbitAdmin(
            @Qualifier("v1ConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
        rabbitAdmin.setAutoStartup(true);
        return rabbitAdmin;
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创建Exchange、Queue并绑定

再实现 RabbitAdmin 后，我们就需要根据 RabbitAdmin 创建对应的交换机和队列，并建立绑定关系

package com.example.config.rabbitmq;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
 * 创建Queue、Exchange并建立绑定关系
 * Created by shuai on 2019/5/16.
@Configuration
public class MyRabbitMQCreateConfig {
    @Resource(name = "v2RabbitAdmin")
    private RabbitAdmin v2RabbitAdmin;
    @Resource(name = "v1RabbitAdmin")
    private RabbitAdmin v1RabbitAdmin;
    @PostConstruct
    public void RabbitInit() {
        v2RabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new TopicExchange("exchange.topic.example.new", true, false));
        v2RabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("queue.example.topic.new", true));
        v2RabbitAdmin.declareBinding(
                BindingBuilder
                        .bind(new Queue("queue.example.topic.new", true))        //直接创建队列
                        .to(new TopicExchange("exchange.topic.example.new", true, false))    //直接创建交换机 建立关联关系
                        .with("routing.key.example.new"));    //指定路由Key
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生产者

为了后续验证每个连接都建立成功，并且都能生产消息，生产者这里分别使用新生成的 RabbitTemplate 发送一条消息。

package com.example.topic;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Component
public class TopicProducer {
    @Resource(name = "v1RabbitTemplate")
    private RabbitTemplate v1RabbitTemplate;
    @Resource(name = "v2RabbitTemplate")
    private RabbitTemplate v2RabbitTemplate;
    public void sendMessageByTopic() {
        String content1 = "This is a topic type of the RabbitMQ message example from v1RabbitTemplate";
        v1RabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(
                "exchange.topic.example.new",
                "routing.key.example.new",
                content1);
        String content2 = "This is a topic type of the RabbitMQ message example from v2RabbitTemplate";
        v2RabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(
                "exchange.topic.example.new",
                "routing.key.example.new",
                content2);
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消费者

这里需要注意在配置消费队列时，需要标识 ContainerFactory

package com.example.topic;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue.example.topic.new", containerFactory = "v2ContainerFactory")
public class TopicConsumer {
    @RabbitHandler
    public void consumer(String message) {
        System.out.println(message);
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这样就完成了SpringBoot连接多个RabbitMQ源的示例了，再写一段测试代码验证下。

package com.example.test;
import com.example.topic.TopicProducer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitMQMultipleTest {
    @Autowired
    private TopicProducer topicProducer;
    @Test
    public void topicProducerTest() {
        topicProducer.sendMessageByTopic();
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执行测试代码，验证结果为：

验证SpringBoot连接多RabbitMQ源成功！

github地址： Spring Boot 教程、技术栈、示例代码