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Code  ›  linux libssh2 实例
linux系统 linux服务器 命令模式 lib文件
https://blog.csdn.net/whatday/article/details/104376248
追风的板凳
1 月前

以下为定义的静态子串常量 

const char *keyfile1 = "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub";
const char *keyfile2 = "~/.ssh/id_rsa";
const char *username = "username";
const char *password = "password";
unsigned long hostaddr;
int rc, sock, i, auth_pw = 0;
struct sockaddr_in_sin;
const char *fingerprint;
char * userauthlist;
LIBSSH2_SESSION *session;
LIBSSH2_CHANNEL *channel;

连接到SSH2步骤：

（1）建立socket并连接到远程主机SSH2服务（22端口）；

（2）创建一个LIBSSH2_SESSION 实例并启动它。启动动作包括设置欢迎横幅、交换密钥并且设置加密、压缩和MAC层。 

session = libssh2_session_init();   //创建一个会话实例
if(libssh2_session_handshake(session, sock))
  fprintf(stderr, "Failure establishing SSH session");
  return -1;

（3）认证：检查主机密钥指纹并检查可用的认证方式。
 

fingerprint = libssh2_hostkey_hash(session, LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_HASH_SHA1);
userauthlist = libssh2_userauth_list(session, username, strlen(username));
if(strstr(userauthlist, "password") != NULL)
  auth_pw |= 1;
if(strstr(userauthlist, "keyboad-interactive") != NULL)
  auth_pw |= 2;
if(strstr(userauthlist, "publickey") != NULL)
  auth_pw |= 4;

（4）如果在参数列表中设置了认证方式，则将认证方式设为命令中的方式（前提是该方式是通过上个步骤检测可用的）。
 

if(argc > 4)
  if((auth_pw & 1) && !strcasecmp(argv[4], "-p"))
    auth_pw = 1;
  if((auth_pw & 2) && !strcasecmp(argv[4], "-i"))
    auth_pw = 2;
  if((auth_pw && 4) && !strcasecmp(argv[4], "-k"))
    auth_pw = 4;

（5）根据上一步选定的认证方式开始认证。
 

if (auth_pw & 1) {
        /* We could authenticate via password */ 
        if (libssh2_userauth_password(session, username, password)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "\tAuthentication by password failed!\n");
            goto shutdown;
        } else {
            fprintf(stderr, "\tAuthentication by password succeeded.\n");
    } else if (auth_pw & 2) {
        /* Or via keyboard-interactive */ 
        if (libssh2_userauth_keyboard_interactive(session, username,
                                                  &kbd_callback) ) {
            fprintf(stderr,
                "\tAuthentication by keyboard-interactive failed!\n");
            goto shutdown;
        } else {
            fprintf(stderr,
                "\tAuthentication by keyboard-interactive succeeded.\n");
    } else if (auth_pw & 4) {
        /* Or by public key */ 
        if (libssh2_userauth_publickey_fromfile(session, username, keyfile1,
                                                keyfile2, password)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "\tAuthentication by public key failed!\n");
            goto shutdown;
        } else {
            fprintf(stderr, "\tAuthentication by public key succeeded.\n");
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "No supported authentication methods found!\n");
        goto shutdown;

（6）请求一个shell
 

if(!(channel = libssh2_channel_open_session(session)))
 

（7）设置一些环境变量，并上传给服务器
 

libssh2_channel_setenv(channel, "F00", "bar");
 

（8）请求一个vanilla的终端模拟。
 

libssh2_channel_request_pty(channel, "vanilla")
 

（9）在上一步请求的pty上开启SHELL。
 

libssh2_channel_shell(channel)
 

（10）至此，可以交互使用shell了
 

libssh2_channel_read();
libssh2_channel_read_stderr();
libssh2_channel_write();
libssh2_channel_write_stderr();
/* 打开或关闭阻塞模式 */
libssh2_channel_set_blocking();
/* 如果服务器发送EOF */
libssh2_channel_eof()返回非0；
/* 关闭channel */
libssh2_channel_close();
/* 释放一个channel */
libssh2_channel_free();
 

（11）ssh交互完成后，关闭会话并释放会话
 

libssh2_session_disconnect(session, "Normal Shutdown");
libssh2_session_free(session);
 

（12）关闭sock并退出libssh2
 

close(sock);
libssh2_exit();
 

官网实例以作参考：
 

https://github.com/libssh2/libssh2/blob/master/example/ssh2.c
 
 * Sample showing how to do SSH2 connect.
 * The sample code has default values for host name, user name, password
 * and path to copy, but you can specify them on the command line like:
 * "ssh2 host user password [-p|-i|-k]"
#include "libssh2_config.h"
#include <libssh2.h>
#include <libssh2_sftp.h>
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOWS_H
# include <windows.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_WINSOCK2_H
# include <winsock2.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
# include <sys/socket.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
# include <netinet/in.h>
#endif
# ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
# ifdef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#endif
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
const char *keyfile1 = "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub";
const char *keyfile2 = "~/.ssh/id_rsa";
const char *username = "username";
const char *password = "password";
static void kbd_callback(const char *name, int name_len,
                         const char *instruction, int instruction_len,
                         int num_prompts,
                         const LIBSSH2_USERAUTH_KBDINT_PROMPT *prompts,
                         LIBSSH2_USERAUTH_KBDINT_RESPONSE *responses,
                         void **abstract)
    (void)name;
    (void)name_len;
    (void)instruction;
    (void)instruction_len;
    if(num_prompts == 1) {
        responses[0].text = strdup(password);
        responses[0].length = strlen(password);
    (void)prompts;
    (void)abstract;
} /* kbd_callback */
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    unsigned long hostaddr;
    int rc, sock, i, auth_pw = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in sin;
    const char *fingerprint;
    char *userauthlist;
    LIBSSH2_SESSION *session;
    LIBSSH2_CHANNEL *channel;
#ifdef WIN32
    WSADATA wsadata;
    int err;
    err = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &wsadata);
    if(err != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "WSAStartup failed with error: %d\n", err);
        return 1;
#endif
    if(argc > 1) {
        hostaddr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
    else {
        hostaddr = htonl(0x7F000001);
    if(argc > 2) {
        username = argv[2];
    if(argc > 3) {
        password = argv[3];
    rc = libssh2_init(0);
    if(rc != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "libssh2 initialization failed (%d)\n", rc);
        return 1;
    /* Ultra basic "connect to port 22 on localhost".  Your code is
     * responsible for creating the socket establishing the connection
    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = htons(22);
    sin.sin_addr.s_addr = hostaddr;
    if(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)(&sin),
                sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to connect!\n");
        return -1;
    /* Create a session instance and start it up. This will trade welcome
     * banners, exchange keys, and setup crypto, compression, and MAC layers
    session = libssh2_session_init();
    if(libssh2_session_handshake(session, sock)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failure establishing SSH session\n");
        return -1;
    /* At this point we havn't authenticated. The first thing to do is check
     * the hostkey's fingerprint against our known hosts Your app may have it
     * hard coded, may go to a file, may present it to the user, that's your
     * call
    fingerprint = libssh2_hostkey_hash(session, LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_HASH_SHA1);
    fprintf(stderr, "Fingerprint: ");
    for(i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%02X ", (unsigned char)fingerprint[i]);
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    /* check what authentication methods are available */
    userauthlist = libssh2_userauth_list(session, username, strlen(username));
    fprintf(stderr, "Authentication methods: %s\n", userauthlist);
    if(strstr(userauthlist, "password") != NULL) {
        auth_pw |= 1;
    if(strstr(userauthlist, "keyboard-interactive") != NULL) {
        auth_pw |= 2;
    if(strstr(userauthlist, "publickey") != NULL) {
        auth_pw |= 4;
    /* if we got an 4. argument we set this option if supported */
    if(argc > 4) {
        if((auth_pw & 1) && !strcasecmp(argv[4], "-p")) {
            auth_pw = 1;
        if((auth_pw & 2) && !strcasecmp(argv[4], "-i")) {
            auth_pw = 2;
        if((auth_pw & 4) && !strcasecmp(argv[4], "-k")) {
            auth_pw = 4;
    if(auth_pw & 1) {
        /* We could authenticate via password */
        if(libssh2_userauth_password(session, username, password)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "\tAuthentication by password failed!\n");
            goto shutdown;
        else {
            fprintf(stderr, "\tAuthentication by password succeeded.\n");
    else if(auth_pw & 2) {
        /* Or via keyboard-interactive */
        if(libssh2_userauth_keyboard_interactive(session, username,
                                                 &kbd_callback) ) {
            fprintf(stderr,
                    "\tAuthentication by keyboard-interactive failed!\n");
            goto shutdown;
        else {
            fprintf(stderr,
                    "\tAuthentication by keyboard-interactive succeeded.\n");
    else if(auth_pw & 4) {
        /* Or by public key */
        if(libssh2_userauth_publickey_fromfile(session, username, keyfile1,
                                               keyfile2, password)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "\tAuthentication by public key failed!\n");
            goto shutdown;
        else {
            fprintf(stderr, "\tAuthentication by public key succeeded.\n");
    else {
        fprintf(stderr, "No supported authentication methods found!\n");
        goto shutdown;
    /* Request a shell */
    channel = libssh2_channel_open_session(session);
    if(!channel) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open a session\n");
        goto shutdown;
    /* Some environment variables may be set,
     * It's up to the server which ones it'll allow though
    libssh2_channel_setenv(channel, "FOO", "bar");
    /* Request a terminal with 'vanilla' terminal emulation
     * See /etc/termcap for more options
    if(libssh2_channel_request_pty(channel, "vanilla")) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed requesting pty\n");
        goto skip_shell;
    /* Open a SHELL on that pty */
    if(libssh2_channel_shell(channel)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to request shell on allocated pty\n");
        goto shutdown;
    /* At this point the shell can be interacted with using
     * libssh2_channel_read()
     * libssh2_channel_read_stderr()
     * libssh2_channel_write()
     * libssh2_channel_write_stderr()
     * Blocking mode may be (en|dis)abled with: libssh2_channel_set_blocking()
     * If the server send EOF, libssh2_channel_eof() will return non-0
     * To send EOF to the server use: libssh2_channel_send_eof()
     * A channel can be closed with: libssh2_channel_close()
     * A channel can be freed with: libssh2_channel_free()
  skip_shell:
    if(channel) {
        libssh2_channel_free(channel);
        channel = NULL;
    /* Other channel types are supported via:
     * libssh2_scp_send()
     * libssh2_scp_recv2()
     * libssh2_channel_direct_tcpip()
  shutdown:
    libssh2_session_disconnect(session,
                               "Normal Shutdown, Thank you for playing");
    libssh2_session_free(session);
#ifdef WIN32
    closesocket(sock);
#else
    close(sock);
#endif
    fprintf(stderr, "all done!\n");
    libssh2_exit();
    return 0;
1，由于返回数据过大，因此会出现“--More--”问题，该问题，可通过模拟手动数据enter键使返回数据正常。
2，当时操作步骤1时，会出现数据格式存在问题，因此可以修改API，
#define MAX_PTY_SIZE (40960...
				
推荐开源项目：libssh2 - SSH2协议库
 libssh2the SSH library项目地址:https://gitcode.com/gh_mirrors/li/libssh2 项目介绍
libssh2是一个实现SSH2协议的开源库，它以修订版BSD许可证授权。该项目提供了一种在各种编程语言中安全地执行远程操作的方法，如文件传输、命令执行等。通过libssh2，开发者可以轻松集成SSH...

				
参考：linux中ldconfig的使用介绍 ldconfig是一个动态链接库管理命令，其目的为了让动态链接库为系统所共享。ldconfig的主要用途： 
1.默认搜寻/lilb和/usr/lib，以及配置文件/etc/ld.so.conf内所列的目录下的库文件。 
2.搜索出可共享的动态链接库，库文件的格式为：lib***.so.**，进而创建出动态装入程序(ld.so)所需的连接和缓存文件。缓存

				
近期项目中需要用到ssh链接设备，需要用到libssh2，此文总结了libssh2在windows平台上编译过程，编译结果将在文章末尾放出。
下载libssh2源码
github下载libssh2源码，下载地址：https://github.com/libssh2/libssh2/releases
下载cmake
cmake官网下载cmake，下载地址：https://cmake.org/download/
下载OpenSSL
直接从http://slproweb.com/products/Win32O

				
要下载和编译Linux的libssh2.so版本，可以按照以下步骤进行：
1. 首先，从libssh2官方网站（https://www.libssh2.org/）或者其他可靠的资源库中找到最新的libssh2版本的源代码压缩包。
2. 下载源代码压缩包到本地计算机，可以使用命令行工具如wget或者通过浏览器下载。
3. 解压缩源代码压缩包，在命令行中使用tar命令进行解压缩。例如，使用以下命令解压缩压缩包：
   tar -zxvf libssh2-x.x.x.tar.gz
   （其中x.x.x代表源代码压缩包的版本号）
4. 进入解压缩后的libssh2目录，使用cd命令切换到解压后的文件夹内。
5. 使用编译工具（如gcc）对libssh2进行编译，可以使用以下命令进行编译：
   ./configure
   make install
   注意：在编译之前，请确保您已经安装了必要的依赖项（如libssl-dev）。
6. 编译完成后，libssh2.so文件将会生成在系统默认的库文件路径中，一般为/usr/local/lib。如果您希望将其安装到其他位置，可以在configure命令中通过--prefix选项指定安装路径。
7. 可以使用ldconfig命令来刷新系统的动态链接器缓存，以便让系统找到新安装的libssh2.so文件。可以使用以下命令来刷新缓存：
   sudo ldconfig
8. 现在，您可以在您的应用程序中使用libssh2库进行开发和测试。记得在编译应用程序时，使用-L选项指定libssh2.so所在的目录，并使用-lssh2选项链接到libssh2库。
以上是一个简单的示例解释如何在Linux上下载和编译libssh2.so版本。具体步骤和命令可能因系统版本和安装环境而有所不同，建议在实际操作中参考官方文档或其他可靠资源。
 
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