制造业全面智能化发展对工业产品质量检测提出了新要求。本文总结了机器学习方法在表面缺陷检测中的研究现状，表面缺陷检测是工业产品质量检测的关键部分。首先，根据表面特征的用途，从纹理特征、颜色特征、形状特征三个方面总结了传统机器视觉表面缺陷检测方法在工业产品表面缺陷检测中的应用。其次，从监督法、无监督法、弱监督法三个方面论述了近年来基于深度学习技术的工业产品表面缺陷检测的研究现状。然后，系统总结了工业表面缺陷检测中常见的关键问题及其解决方法；关键问题包括实时性问题、小样本问题、小目标问题、不平衡样本问题。最后，对近年来常用的工业表面缺陷数据集进行了较为全面的总结，并比较了MVTec AD数据集的最新研究方法，为工业表面缺陷检测技术的进一步研究和发展提供了一定的参考。 The comprehensive intelligent development of the manufacturing industry puts forward new requirements for the quality inspection of industrial products. This paper summarizes the current research status of machine learning methods in surface defect detection, a key part in the quality inspection of industrial products. First, according to the use of surface features, the application of traditional machine vision surface defect detection methods in industrial product surface defect detection is summarized from three aspects: texture features, color features, and shape features. Secondly, the research status of industrial product surface defect detection based on deep learning technology in recent years is discussed from three aspects: supervised method, unsupervised method, and weak supervised method. Then, the common key problems and their solutions in industrial surface defect detection are systematically summarized; the key problems include real-time problem, small sample problem, small target problem, unbalanced sample problem. Lastly, the commonly used datasets of industrial surface defects in recent years are more comprehensively summarized, and the latest research methods on the MVTec AD dataset are compared, so as to provide some reference for the further research and development of industrial surface defect detection technology.