How to run Selenium automated tests with HtmlUnit driver and Spring Boot?

Collectives™ on Stack Overflow

Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most.
Learn more about Collectives
Teams
Q&A for work
Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.
Learn more about Teams
Not able to configure and run Selenium tests after configuring HtmlUnit driver in my Spring Boot application.
Getting an error when I execute the test.
BaseSeleniumTests.java
public abstract class BaseSeleniumTests {
    protected static String BASE_URL = "";
    private static final String URL_PROPERTIES = "url.properties";
    protected WebDriver driver;
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        //load test properties
        Properties p = loadAppTestProperties();
        BASE_URL = p.getProperty("base.url");
        System.out.println("BASE_URL = " + BASE_URL);
        //load driver
        this.driver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
    private Properties loadAppTestProperties() {
        ClassLoader classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
        String filePath = classLoader.getResource(URL_PROPERTIES).getFile();
        File f = new File(filePath);
        try {
            Properties p = new Properties();
            p.load(new FileReader(f));
            return p;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
    @After
    public void tearDown() {
        if (driver != null) {
            driver.close();
            driver.quit();
HomePageTest.java
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class HomePageTest extends BaseSeleniumTests {
    @Test
    public void testHomePage() {
        this.driver.get(BASE_URL);
        String htmlSource = this.driver.getPageSource();
        assertTrue(htmlSource.contains("US Router"));
        assertTrue(htmlSource.contains("Welcome to JPMorgan Chase"));
pom.xml
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-htmlunit-driver</artifactId>
        <version>2.52.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
Error:
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/remote/SessionNotFoundException
    at com.jpmchase.gct.ft.BaseSeleniumTests.loadHtmlUnitDriver(BaseSeleniumTests.java:71)
    at com.jpmchase.gct.ft.BaseSeleniumTests.setUp(BaseSeleniumTests.java:33)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:27)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:251)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.openqa.selenium.remote.SessionNotFoundException
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:382)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:349)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
    ... 31 more
                You try adding the missing dependency? You've not listed a verison number on your selenium-java dependency. mvn dependency:tree should let you see what your dependencies are and if any are marked transitive.
– Roddy of the Frozen Peas
                Feb 13, 2019 at 22:24
                Spring Boot automatically picks the latest dependency hence no need to mention the dependencies unless you want override it. In my case it pulled in 3.9.1 dependency of chrome, firefox, ie, edge, safari, remote-driver etc. It did NOT pull in htmunit-driver hence had to put the latest one available from maven repo explicitly.
– Nital
                Feb 14, 2019 at 17:07
                No, Spring Boot does not automatically pick the latest dependency. It picks the dependency that's specified in the BOM (bill of materials.) So in order to know the dependency version, you need to know the version of the BOM being used, and if there are any other dependencies which override that.
– Roddy of the Frozen Peas
                Feb 14, 2019 at 18:09
                Is the BOM version the spring-boot-starter-parent version which in my case is 2.0.6.RELEASE?
– Nital
                Feb 14, 2019 at 18:13
        Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow!
Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.