国际化主要是引入了MessageSource，我们简单看下如何使用，以及其原理。

1.1 设置资源文件

在 properties新建i18n目录

新建message文件：

messages.properties

error.title=Your request cannot be processed

messages_zh_CN.properties

error.title=您的请求无法处理

1.2 配置

修改properties文件的目录：在application.yml或者application.properties中配置 spring.message.basename

spring:
    application:
        name: test-worklog
    messages:
        basename: i18n/messages
        encoding: UTF-8

1.3 使用

引用自动注解的MessageSource,调用 messageSource.getMessage 即可，注意，需要通过 LocaleContextHolder.getLocale() 获取当前的地区。

@Autowired
private MessageSource messageSource;
 * 国际化
 * @param result
 * @return
public String getMessage(String result, Object[] params) {
    String message = "";
    try {
        Locale locale = LocaleContextHolder.getLocale();
        message = messageSource.getMessage(result, params, locale);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        LOGGER.error("parse message error! ", e);
    return message;
}

如何设置个性化的地区呢? forLanguageTag 即可

 Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag(user.getLangKey());

1.4 原理分析

MessageSourceAutoConfiguration 中，实现了autoconfig

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = MessageSource.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Conditional(ResourceBundleCondition.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {

该类一方面读取配置文件，一方面创建了MessageSource的实例:

@Bean
    public MessageSource messageSource() {
        ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
        if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
            messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
                    StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
        if (this.encoding != null) {
            messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
        messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
        messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
        messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
        return messageSource;
    }

因此，默认是加载的 ResourceBundleMessageSource ，该类派生与于AbstractResourceBasedMessageSource

enter description here

@Override
    public final String getMessage(String code, Object[] args, String defaultMessage, Locale locale) {
        String msg = getMessageInternal(code, args, locale);
        if (msg != null) {
            return msg;
        if (defaultMessage == null) {
            String fallback = getDefaultMessage(code);
            if (fallback != null) {
                return fallback;
        return renderDefaultMessage(defaultMessage, args, locale);
    }

最终是调用resolveCode来获取message，通过ResourceBundle来获取message

    @Override
    protected MessageFormat resolveCode(String code, Locale locale) {
        // 遍历语言文件路径
        Set<String> basenames = getBasenameSet();
        for (String basename : basenames) {
            ResourceBundle bundle = getResourceBundle(basename, locale);
            if (bundle != null) {
                MessageFormat messageFormat = getMessageFormat(bundle, code, locale);
                if (messageFormat != null) {
                    return messageFormat;
        return null;
// 获取ResourceBundle 
protected ResourceBundle getResourceBundle(String basename, Locale locale) {
        if (getCacheMillis() >= 0) {
            // Fresh ResourceBundle.getBundle call in order to let ResourceBundle
            // do its native caching, at the expense of more extensive lookup steps.
            return doGetBundle(basename, locale);
        else {
            // Cache forever: prefer locale cache over repeated getBundle calls.
            synchronized (this.cachedResourceBundles) {
                Map<Locale, ResourceBundle> localeMap = this.cachedResourceBundles.get(basename);
                if (localeMap != null) {
                    ResourceBundle bundle = localeMap.get(locale);
                    if (bundle != null) {
                        return bundle;
                try {
                    ResourceBundle bundle = doGetBundle(basename, locale);
                    if (localeMap == null) {
                        localeMap = new HashMap<Locale, ResourceBundle>();
                        this.cachedResourceBundles.put(basename, localeMap);
                    localeMap.put(locale, bundle);
                    return bundle;
                catch (MissingResourceException ex) {
                    if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                        logger.warn("ResourceBundle [" + basename + "] not found for MessageSource: " + ex.getMessage());
                    // Assume bundle not found
                    // -> do NOT throw the exception to allow for checking parent message source.
                    return null;
//  ResourceBundle  
protected ResourceBundle doGetBundle(String basename, Locale locale) throws MissingResourceException {
        return ResourceBundle.getBundle(basename, locale, getBundleClassLoader(), new MessageSourceControl());
}

最后来看getMessageFormat：

/**
     * Return a MessageFormat for the given bundle and code,
     * fetching already generated MessageFormats from the cache.
     * @param bundle the ResourceBundle to work on
     * @param code the message code to retrieve
     * @param locale the Locale to use to build the MessageFormat
     * @return the resulting MessageFormat, or {@code null} if no message
     * defined for the given code
     * @throws MissingResourceException if thrown by the ResourceBundle
    protected MessageFormat getMessageFormat(ResourceBundle bundle, String code, Locale locale)
            throws MissingResourceException {
        synchronized (this.cachedBundleMessageFormats) {
            // 从缓存读取
            Map<String, Map<Locale, MessageFormat>> codeMap = this.cachedBundleMessageFormats.get(bundle);
            Map<Locale, MessageFormat> localeMap = null;
            if (codeMap != null) {
                localeMap = codeMap.get(code);
                if (localeMap != null) {
                    MessageFormat result = localeMap.get(locale);
                    if (result != null) {
                        return result;
            // 缓存miss，从bundle读取
            String msg = getStringOrNull(bundle, code);
            if (msg != null) {
                if (codeMap == null) {
                    codeMap = new HashMap<String, Map<Locale, MessageFormat>>();
                    this.cachedBundleMessageFormats.put(bundle, codeMap);
                if (localeMap == null) {
                    localeMap = new HashMap<Locale, MessageFormat>();
                    codeMap.put(code, localeMap);
                MessageFormat result = createMessageFormat(msg, locale);
                localeMap.put(locale, result);
                return result;
            return null;