什么是 ChatGPT，ChatGPT 安全吗？

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CustomScroll_trackXStrip__VDZKb"/></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="HeaderBBB_overlay__e_vs4"/></header></div><div class="AnchorBase_container__TRG9R"><div style="top:-0px" id="main" class="AnchorBase_anchor__I95wn"/></div><main><div data-at-selector-plugin-index="1" data-at-selector-plugin-name="@kl.content.Repository.ArticleBreadcrumbs" data-at-selector-content-key="preemptive-safety-breadcrumbs"><section class="sc-4e99b27e-0 eRsyOH ThemeContainer_themed__axRn3"><div class="Breadcrumbs_container__eFFza"/></section></div><div data-at-selector-plugin-index="2" data-at-selector-plugin-name="@kl.content.Repository.ArticleBody" data-at-selector-content-key="resource-center-preemptive-safety"><article class="sc-4e99b27e-0 fGxPlA ThemeContainer_themed__axRn3"><div class="ArticleBody_container__9sIF9 ArticleBody_withSidebar__yuoYI"><h1 class="Header_title__OzzK0 Header_title__LzwXZ">使用 ChatGPT 安全吗？您需要知道什么</h1><div class="ArticleBody_articleContainer__Sz0LX"><div class="ArticleBody_articleBody__gN8bN"><img src="https://content.kaspersky-labs.com/fm/press-releases/b1/b12706237db9168a6f6232931b08f029/processed/shutterstock2290547767-q75.jpg" alt="使用 ChatGPT 安全吗？您需要知道什么" data-testid="baselineImage" class="ArticleBody_image__OJnO1 ArticleBody_withHeader__h3cGh"/><div class="ArticleBody_content__tiVdv ArticleBody_withContentAbove__RyYxL"><p>可以肯定地说，凭借广泛的用途和融入我们生活众多方面的潜力，ChatGPT 和其他形式的 AI 代表了革命性的进步。不过，明智的做法是考虑一下“使用 ChatGPT 安全吗？”这个问题。在本指南中，我们将介绍您需要了解的一切。</p> <h2>什么是 ChatGPT？</h2> <p>ChatGPT 的创造者将其定义为“一种经过训练用于协助完成各种任务的人工智能”。本质上，它是一个 AI 驱动的聊天机器人，可以对用户查询生成自然语言响应。ChatGPT 由经过数百万文档训练的机器学习算法驱动。ChatGPT 凭借其使用的语言模型，可以生成听起来像人类语言的文本并与人聊天（因此其名称中带有“chat”）。</p> <p>更简单的基于语言的 AI 版本已公开多年，但 ChatGPT 是迄今为止最先进的版本。ChatGPT 由 AI 和研究公司 OpenAI 开发。</p> <h2>ChatGPT 代表什么？</h2> <p>ChatGPT 中的 GPT 代表 Generative Pre-trained Transformer（生成式预训练变换器）。</p> <h2>ChatGPT 能做什么？</h2> <p>凭借强大的自然语言处理能力以及生成快速个性化响应的能力，ChatGPT 可用于各种业务环境，例如客户服务、客户支持、营销自动化等。许多人预测 ChatGPT 将彻底改变业务模式，尽管其确切或全面的影响仍有待确定。</p> <p>该工具对个人用户也很有用。ChatGPT 的个人使用示例可能包括：</p> <li>用关键点或行动总结文档</li> <li>将文本翻译成其他语言</li> <li>编写或调试代码</li> <li>回答特定查询</li> <li>解释如何执行某些任务</li> <li>作曲或写诗</li> <p>ChatGPT 支持多种语言，可在全球大部分地区使用（尽管在某些国家/地区由于数据保护法被禁止）。由于 ChatGPT 的响应由 AI 语言模型生成，因此并不总是准确或完整的。评估 ChatGPT 提供的信息并在适当的情况下咨询其他来源非常重要。</p> <h2>ChatGPT 安全吗？</h2> <p>一个关键问题是 ChatGPT 这样的 AI 语言模型是否会被恶意使用。ChatGPT 潜在的安全风险包括：</p> <p><strong>垃圾邮件和网络钓鱼</strong></p> <p>最常见的在线威胁之一是<a href="/resource-center/threats/spam-phishing">网络钓鱼</a>。网络钓鱼诈骗通常很容易识别，因为它们可能包含拼写错误、语法错误和别扭的措词。这通常发生在诈骗者用非母语创建信息时。ChatGPT 现在让全世界的诈骗者都能高度流利地使用英语（和其他语言），帮助改进他们的网络钓鱼信息，使其更难被发现。此外，由于模型是基于大量数据训练的，诈骗者比以往任何时候都更容易以他们冒充的公司的风格创建有说服力的电子邮件。</p> <p>欺诈者还可能使用 OpenAI 的技术创建令人信服的虚假客户服务聊天机器人，这可能会骗取人们的钱财。</p> <p>2023 年 3 月，ChatGPT 的创造者 OpenAI 发现了一个问题，<a href="https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/chatgpt-is-down-openai-is-working-on-a-fix/" target="_blank">ChatGPT 因此瘫痪了几个小时</a>。在此期间，一些 ChatGPT 用户看到了其他用户的对话历史记录。还有报道称，ChatGPT-Plus 订阅者（付费购买该应用增强版的用户）的支付相关信息也可能已泄露。</p> <p>OpenAI <a href="https://openai.com/blog/march-20-chatgpt-outage" target="_blank">发布了关于该事件的报告</a>，并解决了问题的根源。但这并不能阻止未来出现新问题。随着黑客数量的增加，任何在线服务都存在意外泄露和网络安全漏洞的风险。</p> <p>可以理解的是，数据滥用的可能性引起了合理的安全担忧。OpenAI 的 ChatGPT <a href="https://help.openai.com/en/articles/6783457-chatgpt-general-faq" target="_blank">常见问题解答</a>建议不要共享敏感信息，并提醒用户无法删除提示词。同一个常见问题解答还声明，ChatGPT 会保存对话，供 OpenAI 审核用于训练目的。</p> <p><strong>助长假新闻和错误信息的传播</strong></p> <p>在错误信息、虚假信息和<a href="/resource-center/preemptive-safety/how-to-identify-fake-news">假新闻</a>可以在网上快速传播的世界中，一些人担心 ChatGPT 可能会加剧这个问题。ChatGPT 的响应基于其接受训练的信息，其中大部分来自互联网。该应用会创造以合理顺序排列的单词序列作为响应。由于互联网上存在错误信息和虚假信息，因此 ChatGPT 也存在以错误信息响应的可能。ChatGPT 还可用于冒充个人，在此过程中操纵他人。</p> <p><strong>可能出现偏见</strong></p> <p>即使信息是正确的，也可能显示出政治或其他类型的偏见。与任何机器学习模型一样，ChatGPT 反映了其训练数据的偏差。如果该数据存在偏差，那么其输出也可能存在偏见 – 可能会出现不公平、歧视性甚至冒犯性的响应。据报道，ChatGPT 已<a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/6-things-chatgpt-cant-do-and-another-20-it-refuses-to-do/" target="_blank">采取措施</a>识别并避免回答有政治争议的问题，但值得注意的是，使用该服务时可能会遇到偏见。</p> <p><strong>身份盗窃和信息收集</strong></p> <p>恶意行为者可以使用 ChatGPT 收集信息以达到有害目的。由于该聊天机器人接受过大量数据的训练，它知道大量信息，如果落入坏人之手，可能会被用来造成伤害。</p> <p>例如，在一个实例中，ChatGPT 被提示披露特定银行使用的 IT 系统。该聊天机器人会整理公共领域的信息，列出相关银行使用的各种 IT 系统。这是恶意行为者使用 ChatGPT 查明或分离可用于造成伤害的信息的一个例子。</p> <p>为了解决这些问题，OpenAI 已采取措施确保其语言模型的安全。措施包括建立严格的访问控制，防止人员未经许可进入其系统，以及制定开发和使用的道德规则。这些规则包括对负责任地使用技术以及透明度和公平性的承诺。</p> <p><strong>诱骗 ChatGPT 编写恶意代码</strong></p> <p>ChatGPT 可以生成代码，该 AI 被设定为不可生成恶意代码或黑客攻击代码。如果用户请求生成黑客攻击代码，ChatGPT 会告诉用户其目的是“在遵守道德准则和政策的同时，协助完成有用和有道德的任务”。</p> <p>然而，操纵 ChatGPT 并非不可能，只要有足够的知识和创造力，不良行为者就有可能诱骗 AI 生成黑客攻击代码。在黑客论坛上，有黑客声称正在测试该聊天机器人以重建恶意软件变种。鉴于这些帖子已被公开发现，<a href="/resource-center/threats/deep-web">暗网</a>上可能会有更多讨论。较少被讨论的是 ChatGPT 本身被黑客攻击的可能性 – 如果发生这种情况，威胁行为者可以利用它来传播错误信息。</p> <p><strong>ChatGPT 诈骗</strong></p> <p>每当有新的技术或平台出现时，新的诈骗也会随之出现，因为网络犯罪分子也在寻找赚钱的途径。ChatGPT 自推出以来引起了巨大的关注，所以看到假冒 ChatGPT 应用传播恶意软件窃取密码和钱财这类诈骗也就不足为奇了。有时，这些假冒应用会以消息免费、无限制快速访问、最新功能等名义进行推广。</p> <p>正如常言所说，如果一件事听起来太美好，很可能就是假的。请谨慎对待通过社交媒体或电子邮件宣传的 ChatGPT 优惠。还要警惕声称是 ChatGPT 应用的应用程序。要在手机上使用 ChatGPT，可以通过移动浏览器访问或使用官方应用。</p> <h2>ChatGPT 还可以帮助网络安全专业人员</h2> <p>作为最早具有良好语言技能的公开可用的 AI 示例之一，ChatGPT 引发了许多关于其机遇和潜在风险的讨论。与任何新技术一样，谨慎行事非常重要。人们很容易沉浸在兴奋之中，忘记正在使用的是可能被利用或滥用的在线服务。</p> <p>虽然 ChatGPT 可以帮助威胁行为者进行网络犯罪，但它同样也可以帮助实现防御目的。ChatGPT 也可以被网络安全专业人员用作其工具库中的工具。</p> <h2>使用 VPN 保持上网安全</h2> <p>无论如何使用 ChatGPT，最大限度地保护在线隐私的一个重要方法是使用 VPN（虚拟专用网络）。VPN 可以使您的互联网连接匿名并隐藏您的 IP 地址，从而防止第三方跟踪您的活动。</p> <p>如果要隐藏 IP 地址并进行安全浏览，同时保证数据安全，那么 <a href="/vpn-secure-connection">Kaspersky VPN Secure Connection</a> 这样的 VPN 是一个值得考虑的选择。Kaspersky Secure Connection 让您能够以业界领先的速度和匿名的方式安全上网，随时随地无限制地访问全球内容。</p> <p>要获得附加保护，还可以考虑使用<a href="/password-manager">密码管理器</a>，它可以生成强随机密码，并将密码安全地存储在数字保管库中。</p> <p><strong>相关产品：</strong></p> <li><a href="/password-manager">Kaspersky Password Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/vpn-secure-connection">Kaspersky Secure Connection</a></li> <p><strong>延伸阅读：</strong></p> <li><a href="/resource-center/definitions/ai-cybersecurity">网络安全中的 AI 和机器学习</a></li> <li><a href="/resource-center/threats/protect-yourself-from-deep-fake">深伪技术和假视频 – 如何保护自己</a></li> <li><a href="/resource-center/threats/hackers-and-email-addresses">黑客可以用您的电子邮件地址做什么？</a></li> </div></div><div class="ArticleBody_articleSidebar__i9Ccx ArticleBody_articleSidebarWithMedia__B3bvl"><div class="ArticleBody_articleSidebarBlock__30xvn ArticleBody_bannerImageLinkWrapper__M2lPy"><div class="ArticleBody_bannerBody__Y1yQY"><a href="/total-security?icid=rc-kts&amp;utm_campaign=resource-centert&amp;utm_medium=site&amp;utm_content=new-banner-w" class="ArticleBody_bannerImageLink__Dr_oR"><img src="https://content.kaspersky-labs.com/se/media/rc/side-banner-comcn.gif" data-testid="baselineImage" class="ArticleBody_bannerImage__zZLPg" role="presentation"/></a></div></div></div></div></div></article><div 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